Samsara (Buddhisme): Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 11:
* Ajahn Sucitto: "This continued movement is [...] what is meant by samsāra, the wandering on. According to the Buddha, this process doesn't even stop with death—it's like the habit transfers almost genetically to a new consciousness and body."{{sfn|Ajahn Sucitto|2010|pp=37-38}}|group=note|name="realms"}} Samsara dicirikan oleh ''[[dukkha]]'' ("penderitaan, tidak memuaskan, menyakitkan"). Samsara berhubungan dengan [[Empat Kebenaran Mulia]], karena ''dukkha'' adalah inti dari samsara.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Keown|first=Damien|year=2003|title=Oxford Dictionary of Buddhism|publisher=Oxford University Press, Incorporated|isbn=9780198605607|pages=248}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Keown|first=Damien|year=2003|title=Oxford Dictionary of Buddhism|publisher=Oxford University Press Incorporated|isbn=9780198605607|pages=248|quote="Although not mentioned by name, samsara is the situation that is characterized as suffering (*duhkha) in the first of the *Four Noble Truths (aryasatya)."}}</ref> Setiap kelahiran kembali bersifat sementara dan tidak kekal. Dalam setiap kelahiran kembali, suatu makhluk dilahirkan dan mati, kemudian, dilahirkan kembali di tempat lain sesuai dengan [[Karma dalam Buddhisme|karmanya]] masing-masing.{{sfn|Williams|2002|pp=74-75}} Samsara dilanggengkan oleh ''avijjā'' ("[[Ketidaktahuan (Buddhisme)|ketidaktahuan]]") seseorang, khususnya tentang ''anicca'' ("[[Ketidakkekalan (Buddhisme)|ketidakkekalan]]") dan ''anatta'' ("[[Tanpa atma|tanpa-atma]]"){{sfn|Keown|2004|pp=81, 281}}{{sfn|Fowler|1999|p=39–42}} dan dari ''taṇhā'' ("[[nafsu keinginan]]").{{refn|Ketidaktahuan dan nafsu keinginan:
* John Bowker: "In Buddhism, samsāra is the cycle of continuing appearances through the domains of existence (gati), but with no Self (anātman, [ātman means the enduring, immortal self]) being reborn: there is only the continuity of consequence, governed by karma."<ref group=web name=nalanda1>John Bowker. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 24 November 2012 [http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Sasra.html "Saṃsāra."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023171439/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-Sasra.html |date=2010-10-23 }};<br>{{cite book|author=John Bowker|title=God: A Very Short Introduction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Te9wBAAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-870895-7|pages=84–86|access-date=2016-09-25|archive-date=2017-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122185207/https://books.google.com/books?id=Te9wBAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Chogyam Trungpa menyatakan: "Cyclic existence [is] the continual repetitive cycle of birth, death, and [[bardo]] that arises from ordinary beings' grasping and fixating on a self and experiences. (...) Samsara arises out of ignorance and is characterized by suffering."{{sfn|Chogyam Trungpa|2009|p=137}} Penjelasan Chogyam Trungpa
* Huston Smith dan Philip Novak menyatakan: "The Buddha taught that beings, confused as they are by ignorant desires and fears, are caught in a vicious cycle called samsara, freedom from which—nirvana—was the highest human end."{{sfn|Smith|Novak|2009|loc=Kindle Location 2574}}|group=note|name="Ignorance and craving"}} Samsara terus berlanjut hingga tercapainya [[Nirwana]] melalui [[Kebijaksanaan (Buddhisme)|kebijaksanaan]],{{sfn|Keown|2000|loc=Kindle locations 702-706}}{{refn|Mengakhiri samsara:
* Kevin Trainor: "Buddhist doctrine holds that until they realize nirvana, beings are bound to undergo rebirth and redeath due to their having acted out of ignorance and desire, thereby producing the seeds of karma".{{sfn|Trainor|2004|p=62–63}}
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