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== Geografi, Iklim dan Ekologi ==
[[File:SundaIslands.A2003242.0225.500m.jpg|thumb|AugustFoto 2003satelit NASA satellitebulan photographAgustus of2003 thedari LesserKepulauan Sunda IslandsKecil; Sumba isberada indi thebagian bottomtengah centrebawah]]
TheKota largestterbesar towndi onpulau theini islandadalah ispelabuhan the main port ofutama [[Waingapu]] neardi thedekat mouth of themuara [[Sungai Kambaniru River]], withdengan apopulasi population36.278 of 71,752jiwa<ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2024">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.53)</ref> (includingpada thepertengahan adjoiningtahun district of Kambera) in mid 20232024.
Bentang alamnya berupa perbukitan kapur yang rendah, bukan berupa gunung berapi yang curam seperti di banyak pulau di Indonesia. Musim kemarau terjadi dari bulan Mei hingga November dan musim hujan terjadi dari bulan Desember hingga April. Sisi barat pulau ini lebih subur dan lebih padat penduduknya daripada sisi timur.
The landscape is low, limestone hills, rather than the steep volcanoes of many Indonesian islands. There is a dry season from May to November and a rainy season from December to April. The western side of the island is more fertile and more heavily populated than the east.
Meskipun secara umum dianggap awalnya merupakan bagian dari superbenua belahan bumi selatan [[Gondwana]], penelitian terbaru menunjukkan bahwa pulau tersebut mungkin terpisah dari batas Asia Tenggara.
Although generally thought to be originally part of the [[Gondwana]] southern hemisphere supercontinent, recent research suggests that the island might have detached from the South East Asia margin.
MostSebagian ofbesarnya itpada wasawalnya originallyditutupi coveredoleh inhutan [[deciduousgugur]] [[monsoonmusim]] forestsedangkan whilelereng theyang south-facingmenghadap slopeske selatan, whichyang remaintetap moistlembab duringselama themusim dry seasonkemarau, wereadalah evergreenhutan [[rainforesthujan]] yang selalu hijau.<ref name="Wikramanayake2002"/>
TheBagian northernutara partpulau ofini thesangat island is extremely aridkering; the soilstanahnya havetelah beenterkuras depletedakibat frompenggundulan deforestationhutan anddan erosionerosi.<ref name="sum_info">{{cite web |title= Sumba |website= sumba-information.eu |language= fr |url= https://www.sumba-information.eu/ |access-date= 2024-06-15 }}</ref>
Sumba isberada indi thekawasan [[Wallacea]] region, havingmemiliki acampuran mixturetumbuhan ofdan plantshewan and animals ofasal [[Asia]]n anddan [[Australasia]]n origin.
DueKarena toflora itsdan distinctivefauna florayang and faunakhas, Sumba hastelah beendikategorikan categorised by theoleh [[World Wildlife Fund]] as the Sumba deciduous forestssebagai [[ecoregionekoregion]] hutan gugur Sumba.
<ref name="Wikramanayake2002">{{cite book |last=Wikramanayake|first=Eric D.|title=Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: A Conservation Assessment |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_VGRBWqIG2gC&pg=PA532|access-date=2 February 2013|year=2002|publisher=Island Press|isbn=978-1-55963-923-1|page=532}}</ref>
===Fauna Hewan ===
[[File:Village-Sumba.jpg|thumb|right|ASebuah villagedesa indi Sumba]]
ThereAda aresejumlah a number of mammalsmamalia, butnamun thepulau islandini issangat particularlykaya richakan inkehidupan bird-lifeburung withdengan nearlyhampir 200 birdsburung, oftujuh which sevenspesies [[EndemismEndemisme|endemicendemik]] speciesdan andsejumlah alainnya numberhanya ofditemukan othersdi aresini founddan onlydi herebeberapa andpulau ondi somedekatnya. nearbyBurung islands.endemik Theyang endemictermasuk birdsdalam includespesies theini endangeredadalah ''nuri-bayan [[Sumba'' eclectus|Sumbayang eclectusterancam parrot]]punah, fourempat vulnerablespesies speciesyang rentan — theburung secretivehantu [[SumbaPunggok boobooksumba]] owlyang suka bersembunyi, [[SumbaGemak buttonquail]]sumba, [[red-napedWalik fruit-doverawamanu]], anddan [[SumbaJulang hornbillsumba]] — asserta welltiga asspesies threeumum more common specieslainnya: the [[Sumba greenPunai pigeonsumba]], [[SumbaSikatan-bubik flycatchersumba]], anddan [[apricotBurung-breastedmadu sunbirdsumba]].<ref name="Wikramanayake2002"/> [[SaltwaterBuaya crocodileair asin]]s can stillmasih bedapat foundditemukan indi somebeberapa areasdaerah.
TheBurung [[SumbaRangkong hornbill]]Sumba oratau ''Julang Sumba'' (''Rhyticeros everetti'') issemakin underterancam increasingpunah. threatPenebangan ofhutan extinction.tanpa Indiscriminatepandang deforestationbulu ismengancam threateningkelangsungan theirhidup survivalmereka. ThePopulasi populationdiperkirakan iskurang estimated at less thandari 4,.000 withdengan ankepadatan averagerata-rata densityenam of six individualsindividu per squarekilometer kilometrepersegi. A hornbill can flyBurung toenggang anddapat fromterbang overke andan areadari ofwilayah upseluas tohingga 100 squarekilometer kilometrespersegi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/72874/sumba-hornbills-under-increasing-threat-of-extinction|title=Sumba Hornbills under increasing threat of extinction|publisher=Antara News|access-date=2 February 2013}}</ref>
=== Ancaman dan Pelestarian ===
===Threats and preservation===
MostSebagian ofbesar thehutan originalasli foresttelah hasditebang beenuntuk cleared for the planting ofpenanaman [[maizejagung]], [[cassavaubi kayu]], anddan othertanaman cropslainnya sosehingga onlyhanya smalltersisa isolatedpetak-petak patcheskecil remainyang terisolasi. FurthermoreSelain itu, this clearance is ongoing duepenebangan toini theterus growingberlangsung populationkarena ofpopulasi thepulau islandyang andterus thisbertambah representsdan aini threatmerupakan toancaman thebagi birdsburung.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|id=aa0203|name=Sumba deciduous forests}}</ref>
InPada tahun 1998 twodua nationaltaman parksnasional wereditetapkan designateddi onpulau thetersebut islanduntuk formelindungi thespesies protectionyang ofterancam endangered speciespunah: the [[Taman Nasional Laiwangi Wanggameti National Park]] anddan [[Taman Nasional Manupeu Tanah Daru National Park]].
== Sungai ==
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