Karsinoma sel skuamosa: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Karsinoma sel skuamosa''' ([[bahasa Inggris]]: ''Squamous cell carcinoma'', '''SCC''' atau '''SqCC''') merupakan salah satu jenis [[kanker kulit]] selain [[kanker sel basal]] dan [[melanoma]].<ref name=NCI2013TxPro>{{cite web|title=Skin Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/skin/HealthProfessional/page1/AllPages|website=NCI|accessdate=30 June 2014|date=2013-10-25|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705234200/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/skin/HealthProfessional/page1/AllPages|archivedate=5 July 2014|df=}}</ref> Kanker ini biasanya tampak seperti bengkak besar, tetapi juga dapat membentuk [[borok]].<ref name=Lyn2011>{{cite book|author1=Lynne M Dunphy|title=Primary Care: The Art and Science of Advanced Practice Nursing|date=2011|publisher=F.A. Davis|isbn=9780803626478|page=242|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RR1hAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA242|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520044442/https://books.google.com/books?id=RR1hAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA242|archivedate=2016-05-20|df=}}</ref> Serangan kanker ini biasanya berlangsung selama berbulan-bulan.<ref name=Fer2017/> Kanker kulit sel skuamosa lebih dapat [[metastasis|menyebar ke wilayah sekitar]] daripada kanker sel basal.<ref name=Cak2012>{{cite journal|last1=Cakir|first1=BÖ|last2=Adamson|first2=P|last3=Cingi|first3=C|title=Epidemiology and economic burden of nonmelanoma skin cancer.|journal=Facial plastic surgery clinics of North America|date=November 2012|volume=20|issue=4|pages=419–22|pmid=23084294|doi=10.1016/j.fsc.2012.07.004}}</ref>
Faktor risiko terbesar adalah paparan terhadap [[radiasi ultraviolet]] dari Matahari.<ref name=Ga2015/> Faktor risiko lain adalah [[parut|bekas luka]] dari sebelumnya, luka [[kronis]], [[keratosis asitinik]], kulit yang lebih terang, [[penyakit Bowen]], terpapar [[arsen]], fungsi sistem kekebalan yang buruk, karsinoma sel basal dari sebelumnya, dan [[infeksi HPV]].<ref name=Ga2015/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1g69xq0.9|title=Textbook of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery|last=Opel|first=Sophia|date=2016|publisher=UCL Press|isbn=9781910634394|edition=1|pages=65}}</ref><ref name=UV2010>{{cite journal|last1=Gallagher|first1=RP|last2=Lee|first2=TK|last3=Bajdik|first3=CD|last4=Borugian|first4=M|title=Ultraviolet radiation.|journal=Chronic diseases in Canada|date=2010|volume=29 Suppl 1|pages=51–68|pmid=21199599}}</ref> Alat untuk berjemur di dalam ruang juga menjadi sumber radiasi ultraviolet di negara-negara Barat.<ref name="UV2010"/> Kanker ini berasal dari [[sel skuamosa]] di dalam kulit manusia.<ref name=NCI2016Def>{{cite web|title=NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms|url=https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms?cdrid=46595|website=National Cancer Institute|accessdate=9 November 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109230919/https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms?cdrid=46595|archivedate=9 November 2016|df=}}</ref> Diagnosis biasanya didasarkan pada pemeriksaan kulit dan dikonfirmasi oleh [[biopsi jaringan]].<ref name=Ga2015/><ref name=NCI2017Diag>{{cite web|title=Skin Cancer Treatment|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-treatment-pdq|website=National Cancer Institute|accessdate=2 July 2017|language=en|date=21 June 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704222639/https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-treatment-pdq|archivedate=4 July 2017|df=}}</ref>
Metode efektif untuk mencegah kanker sel skuamosa adalah mengurangi radiasi ultraviolet dan penggunaan [[tabir surya]].<ref name=WCR2014>{{cite book|title=World Cancer Report 2014.|url=https://archive.org/details/worldcancerrepor0000unse_p0u5|date=2014|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=9283204298|pages=Chapter 5.14}}</ref><ref name=Jou2012>{{cite journal|last1=Jou|first1=PC|last2=Feldman|first2=RJ|last3=Tomecki|first3=KJ|title=UV protection and sunscreens: what to tell patients.|journal=Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine|date=June 2012|volume=79|issue=6|pages=427–36|pmid=22660875|doi=10.3949/ccjm.79a.11110}}</ref> Kanker ini biasanya dikeluarkan dengan melakukan operasi.<ref name=Ga2015/> Operasi dapat dilakukan lewat pemotongan sederhana jika sel kankernya kecil, tetapi jika tidak [[operasi Mohs]] perlu dilakukan.<ref name=Ga2015/> Pilihan lain adalah [[kriosurgeri]] dan [[terapi radiasi]].<ref name=NCI2017Tx>{{cite web|title=Skin Cancer Treatment|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-treatment-pdq#link/_119_toc|website=National Cancer Institute|accessdate=2 July 2017|language=en|date=21 June 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704222639/https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/skin-treatment-pdq#link/_119_toc|archivedate=4 July 2017|df=}}</ref> Jika penyakit telah menyebar, [[kemoterapi]] juga dapat dilakukan.<ref name=NCI2017Tx/>
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