Polusi Sungai Gangga: Perbedaan antara revisi

Polusi yang terus terjadi di [[Sungai Gangga]], sungai terbesar di [[anak benua India]], menimbulkan ancaman signifikan bagi kesehatan manusia dan lingkungan.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=The Ganges River is Dying Under the Weight of Modern India |work=[[Newsweek]] |last=Conaway |first=Cameron |url=http://www.newsweek.com/2015/10/02/ganges-river-dying-under-weight-modern-india-375347.html |date=23 September 2015 |access-date=11 April 2017 }}</ref> Sungai ini menyuplai air ke sekitar 40% penduduk India di 11 negara bagian<ref name="HTApr12">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Ganga-receives-2-900-million-ltrs-of-sewage-daily/Article1-842037.aspx|title=Ganga receives 2,900 million ltrs [sic] of sewage daily|work=www.hindustantimes.com|access-date=14 May 2015|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909164033/http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/ganga-receives-2-900-million-ltrs-of-sewage-daily/article1-842037.aspx}}</ref> dan melayani sekitar 500 juta orang—lebih banyak dibandingkan sungai mana pun di dunia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thewaterhub.org/news/ganga-conservation-efforts-inspire-thousands|title=The WaterHub|access-date=14 May 2015|archive-date=3 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203131625/http://www.thewaterhub.org/news/ganga-conservation-efforts-inspire-thousands|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Emily Wax |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/16/AR2007061600461.html |title=A Sacred River Endangered by Global Warming |newspaper=Washington Post |date=17 June 2007 |access-date=25 June 2017}}</ref>

Sungai Gangga sangat tercemar oleh kotoranlimbah manusia dan kontaminan industri. Saat ini, sungai ini dianggap sebagai sungai paling tercemar di dunia.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dTkpDQAAQBAJ&q=ganges+5th+most+polluted+river&pg=PT96|publisher=Wings Press|author=Robert Flynn|page=96 |title=Holy Literary License: The Almighty Chooses Fallible Mortals to Write, Edit, and Translate GodStory |access-date=13 July 2017|isbn=9781609404666|date=2016-09-15}}</ref> Bentangan sepanjang lebih dari 600 km (370 mil) diklasifikasikan sebagai [[Zona kematian (ekologi)|zona mati ekologis]].<ref name="autogenerated1">Wohl, Ellen E. 2012. A world of rivers: environmental change on ten of the world's great rivers. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</ref> Tiga perempat dari seluruh limbah yang dihasilkan di dataran utara masih belum diolah sepenuhnya sebelum dibuang ke Sungai Gangga dan anak-anak sungainya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://graphics.reuters.com/INDIA-RIVER/010081TW39P/index.html |title=The race to save the river Ganges |access-date=22 February 2021}}</ref>

Beberapa inisiatif telah dilakukan untuk membersihkan sungai, namun gagal membuahkan hasil yang signifikan.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131214032657/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-11-12/allahabad/43979274_1_yamuna-banks-ganga-and-yamuna-holy-river Ganga, Yamuna banks cleaned] 12 November 2013</ref> Setelah terpilih, Perdana Menteri India [[Narendra Modi]] berjanji untuk berupaya membersihkan sungai dan mengendalikan polusi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sandrp.in/2018/10/16/how-modi-government-went-horribly-wrong-on-ganga-rejuvenation/|title=How Modi government went horribly wrong on Ganga rejuvenation|access-date=17 October 2018|date=2018-10-16}}</ref> Selanjutnya, pada anggaran bulan Juni 2014, pemerintah mengumumkan proyek ''Namami Gange''.<ref name="bp">{{cite web|title=Namami Ganga development Project gets 2037 crores |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/07/namami-ganga-development-project-gets-2037-crores/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=10 July 2014}}</ref> Pada tahun 2016, diperkirakan ₹30[[Rupee India|₹]]30 miliar (US$460 juta) telah dihabiskan untuk berbagai upaya membersihkan sungai, namun hanya sedikit yang berhasil.<ref>{{cite web|author=Mohit Dubey |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/rti-revelation-rs-3000-crore-spent-on-ganga-clean-up-without-visible-results/articleshow/53502798.cms |title=RTI revelation: Rs 3000 crore spent on Ganga 'clean-up' without visible results |publisher=The Economic Times |date=2 August 2016 |access-date=25 June 2017}}</ref>