Hajar Aswad: Perbedaan antara revisi

 

== Sejarah dan tradisi ==

 

Hajar Aswad telah dihormati jauh sebelum Islam. Itu telah lama dikaitkan dengan Ka'bah, yang dibangun pada periode pra-Islam dan merupakan situs ziarah Nabateans yang mengunjungi kuil setahun sekali untuk melakukan ziarah mereka. Ka'bah memiliki 360 berhala dewa-dewa Mekah.<ref name=armstrong>{{cite book|pages=[https://archive.org/details/islamshorthistor00arms_354/page/n50 11]|title=Islam: A Short History|first=Karen|last=Armstrong|author-link=Karen Armstrong|isbn=978-0-8129-6618-3|date= 2002|title-link=Islam: A Short History}}</ref> Budaya Semit di Timur Tengah memiliki tradisi menggunakan batu yang tidak biasa untuk menandai tempat ibadah, sebuah fenomena yang tercermin dalam Alkitab Ibrani serta Al-Qur'an,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0009_0_09475.html |title=The Biblical Injunction Against Idolatry | last = Rabinowitz | first = Louis |encyclopedia= Encyclopaedia Judaica |date= 2008 | access-date=2014-04-20}}</ref> dan menjadi sasaran teguran para nabi<ref>{{bibleverse|Leviticus|26:1|KJV}}</ref><ref>{{bibleverse|Isaiah|2:9|KJV}}</ref><ref>{{bibleverse|Isaiah|44:17-18|KJV}}</ref><ref>{{bibleverse|Jeremiah|2:27|KJV}}</ref><ref>{{bibleverse|Hosea|2:13|KJV}}</ref><ref>{{bibleverse|Habakkuk|2:19|KJV}}</ref> saat membungkuk, menyembah dan berdoa kepada benda-benda suci seperti itu, yang juga dijelaskan dalam Tanakh sebagai penyembahan berhala.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Robert E. Krebs|title=Scientific Development and Misconceptions Through the Ages: A Reference Guide|url=https://archive.org/details/scientificdevelo0000kreb|date=1999|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0313302268|page=[https://archive.org/details/scientificdevelo0000kreb/page/209 209]|edition=illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Swartley|editor1-first=Keith E.|title=Encountering the World of Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/encounteringworl0000unse|date=2005|publisher=Biblica|isbn=978-1932805246|page=[https://archive.org/details/encounteringworl0000unse/page/205 205]|edition=illustrated, reprint}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Isaac Asimov|author-link1=Isaac Asimov|title=Isaac Asimov's Guide to Earth and Space|date=2011|publisher=Random House Publishing Group|isbn=978-0307792273|page=108}}</ref><ref name="rice">{{cite book | last = Rice | first = Edward | title = Eastern Definitions: A Short Encyclopedia of Religions of the Orient | publisher = Doubleday | location = New York | page = [https://archive.org/details/easterndefinitio00rice/page/433 433] | date = 1978 | isbn = 978-0-385-08563-2 | url = https://archive.org/details/easterndefinitio00rice/page/433 }}</ref><ref name="Ishaq2">{{cite book | last = Ibn Ishaq | first = Muhammad | title = Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah – The Life of Muhammad Translated by A. Guillaume | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford | pages = 88–89 | date = 1955 | url = https://archive.org/stream/TheLifeOfMohammedGuillaume/The_Life_Of_Mohammed_Guillaume#page/n67/mode/1up | isbn =978-0-19-636033-1 }}</ref> Teori asal-usul meteorit Hajar Aswad melihatnya disamakan oleh beberapa penulis dengan meteorit yang ditempatkan dan disembah di Kuil Artemis Yunani.<ref name="tate">{{cite book | last = Tate | first = Karen | title = Sacred Places of Goddess: 108 Destinations | publisher = Consortium of Collective Consciousness Publishing | location = San Francisco | page = 165 | year = 2006 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=b7KbLLjzuRgC&pg=PA166 | isbn = 978-1-888729-11-5 | access-date = 2022-11-13 | archive-date = 2023-07-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230705055628/https://books.google.com/books?id=b7KbLLjzuRgC&pg=PA166 | dead-url = no }}</ref><ref name="camphausen">{{cite book | last = Camphausen | first = Rufus | title = The Yoni, Sacred Symbol of Female Creative Power | publisher = Inner Traditions Bear and Company | location = Vermont | page = 134 | date = 1996 | isbn =978-0-89281-562-3}}</ref>