Tiotropium bromida: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
←Membuat halaman berisi '{{Drugbox | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 401634790 | image = Tiotropium bromide.svg | width = 150 | alt = | image2 = Tiotropium-3D-balls.png | width2 = | alt2 = | caption = <!-- Clinical data --> | pronounce = | tradename = Spiriva, others | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|tiotropium-bromide}} | MedlinePlus = a60401...' Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan |
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler Suntingan seluler lanjutan |
||
Baris 12:
<!-- Clinical data -->
| pronounce =
| tradename = Spiriva,
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|tiotropium-bromide}}
| MedlinePlus = a604018
Baris 19:
| pregnancy_AU_comment = <ref name=Preg2019 /><ref name="AusPAR: Tiotropium bromide" />
| pregnancy_category =
| routes_of_administration =
| class =
| ATC_prefix = R03
Baris 45:
<!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->
| bioavailability = 19
| protein_bound =
| metabolism = [[
| metabolites =
| onset =
| elimination_half-life = 5–6
| duration_of_action =
| excretion = [[
<!-- Identifiers -->
Baris 81:
<!-- Chemical and physical data -->
| IUPAC_name = (1α,2β,4β,7β)-<br />7-[(
| C = 19 | H = 22 | Br = 1 | N = 1 | O = 4 | S = 2
| SMILES = C[N+]1(C2CC(CC1C3C2O3)OC(=O)C(C4=CC=CS4)(C5=CC=CS5)O)C.[Br-]
Baris 110:
Efek samping yang umum termasuk mulut kering, pilek, infeksi saluran pernapasan atas, sesak napas, dan sakit kepala. Efek samping yang parah mungkin termasuk angioedema, bronkospasme yang memburuk, dan perpanjangan QT.<ref name=ASHF2019>{{cite web |title=Tiotropium Bromide Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/tiotropium-bromide.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date=31 January 2019 |archive-date=14 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014165156/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/tiotropium-bromide.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Bukti sementara belum menemukan bahaya selama kehamilan, namun, penggunaan tersebut belum diteliti dengan baik.<ref name=Preg2019>{{cite web |title=Tiotropium Use During Pregnancy |url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/tiotropium.html |website=Drugs.com |access-date=31 January 2019 |archive-date=31 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131145317/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/tiotropium.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Obat ini adalah obat antikolinergik dan bekerja dengan cara menghalangi aksi asetilkolin pada otot polos.<ref name=ASHF2019/>
Tiotropium dipatenkan pada tahun 1989, dan disetujui untuk penggunaan medis pada tahun 2002.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9783527607495 |page=447 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA447 }}</ref> Obat ini masuk dalam Daftar Obat Esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia.<ref name="WHO23rd">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023) | year = 2023 | hdl = 10665/371090 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>
==Kegunaan dalam medis==
==Efek samping==
| |||