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During the [[Sengoku period]] (1467–1603), the highest rank of a lady-in-waiting was the 'Female Assistant to the Major Counselor', who ran the affairs of the daily life of the Imperial Household.<ref name="Lillehoj date? page?"/> The second rank was {{nihongo3|Female Palace Attendant||Koto No Naishi}}, who acted as intermediary between the Emperor and those seeking an audience and issued his wishes in writing.<ref name="Lillehoj date? page?"/> Ladies-in-waiting acted as imperial secretaries and noted the events at court, visitors and gifts in the official court journals.<ref name="Lillehoj date? page?"/>
 
InBerbeda contrastdari to ChinaTiongkok, female palace attendants managed the palace of the imperial harem rather than [[eunuch]]s, and could hold high court offices in the Emperor's personal household.<ref name=" Rowley date? page?"/>
 
Female palace attendants were divided into two classes, which in turn had several ranks, signifying their task.<ref name="Lebra date? page?">{{harvnb|Lebra|p=}}</ref>{{page needed|date=April 2017}} The first class consisted of the {{transl|ja|nyokan}}, or ladies-in-waiting who held court offices: {{transl|ja|naishi-kami}} ({{transl|ja|shoji}}) {{transl|ja|naishi-suke}} ({{transl|ja|tenji}}) and {{transl|ja|naishi-no-jo}} ({{transl|ja|shoji}}). The second class were the female palace attendants: {{transl|ja|myobu}}, {{transl|ja|osashi}}, {{transl|ja|osue}} and {{transl|ja|nyoju}}.<ref name="Lebra date? page?" /> The ladies-in-waiting worked as personal assistants, tending to the Emperor's wardrobe, assisting the emperor's baths, serving meals, performing and attending court rituals.<ref name="Rowley date? page?" /> Ladies-in-waiting could be appointed as concubines, consorts or even Empresses by the Emperor or the heir to the throne.<ref name="Rowley date? page?" /> The function of a lady-in-waiting as potential concubine was abolished in 1924.<ref name="Rowley date? page?" />