Kekaisaran Romawi Suci: Perbedaan antara revisi

| capital = Lebih dari satu<ref>{{Cite journal |last=von Aretin |first=Karl Otmar Freiherr |date=31 December 1983 |editor-last=Schieder |editor-first=Theodor |editor2-last=Brunn |editor2-first=Gerhard |title=Das Reich ohne Hauptstadt? Die Multizentralitat der Hauptstadtfunktionen im Reich bis 1806 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783486992878-003/html |journal=Hauptstädte in europäischen Nationalstaaten |pages=5–14 |doi=10.1515/9783486992878-003 |isbn=978-3-4869-9287-8}}</ref>

{{Collapsible list

| title = [[Roma]] (''de iure'')

| Tempat [[penobatan Kaisar Romawi Suci]]

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{{Collapsible list

| title = [[Aachen]] (tahun 800–1562)

| Tahun 800–888 (sebagai ibu kota), tahun 800–1562 (tempat penobatan Raja Jerman)

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| title = [[Palermo]] (''de facto'') (tahun 1194–1254)

| (terhubung dengan Kekaisaran Romawi Suci lewat [[uni personal|kesatuan oknum pemimpin]] sesudah Kaisar [[Heinrich VI, Kaisar Romawi Suci|Heinrich VI]] mewarisi gelar [[Kerajaan Sisilia|Raja Sisilia]], kota ini menjadi pusat pemerintahan kula[[wangsa Hohenstaufen]]) <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNIO REGNI AD IMPERIUM in "Federiciana" |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/unio-regni-ad-imperium_%28Federiciana%29 |access-date=04 Mei 2022 |publisher=Treccani.it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Enrico Vi, Re Di Sicilia E Imperatore In "Federiciana" |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/enrico-vi-re-di-sicilia-e-imperatore_%28Federiciana%29 |access-date=04 Mei 2022 |publisher=Treccani.it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamp |first=Norbert |title=Federico Ii Di Svevia, Imperatore, Re Di Sicilia E Di Gerusalemme, Re Dei Romani In "Federiciana" |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/federico-ii-di-svevia-imperatore-re-di-sicilia-e-di-gerusalemme-re-dei-romani_%28Federiciana%29 |access-date=04 Mei 2022 |publisher=Treccani.it}}</ref>

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{{Collapsible list

| title = [[Innsbruck]] (tahun 1508–1519)

| Markas ''Hofkammer'' dan Kepaniteraan Istana {{Sfn|Brady|2009|p=211}}{{Sfn|Pavlac|Lott|2019|p=249}}

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{{Collapsible list

| title = [[Wina]] (dasawarsa 1550-an–1583, tahun 1612–1806)

| Pusat pemerintahan kula[[wangsa Habsburg]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wissenschaften |first=Neuhausener Akademie der |title=Beiträge zur bayerischen Geschichte, Sprache und Kultur |date=14 July 2021 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |isbn=978-3-0006-9644-2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=04w4EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA106 106] |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Schmitt |first=Oliver Jens |title=Herrschaft und Politik in Südosteuropa von 1300 bis 1800 |date=5 July 2021 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-1107-4443-9 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=mV48EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT659 659] |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Buchmann |first=Bertrand Michael |title=Hof, Regierung, Stadtverwaltung: Wien als Sitz der österreichischen Zentralverwaltung von den Anfängen bis zum Untergang der Monarchie |date=2002 |publisher=Verlag für Geschichte und Politik |isbn=978-3-4865-6541-6 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=QrxnAAAAMAAJ 37] |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Klopstock |first=Friedrich Gottlieb |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pw9cAAAAMAAJ |title=Werke und Briefe: historisch-kritische Ausgabe |date=1974 |publisher=W. de Gruyter |page=999 |access-date=6 Februari 2022 |language=de}}</ref> (tampat sidang [[Konsili Aulicum|Majelis Istana Negara]] sejak tahun 1497/1498)<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pihlajamäki |first1=Heikki |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dg5jDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT762 |title=The Oxford Handbook of European Legal History |last2=Dubber |first2=Markus D. |last3=Godfrey |first3=Mark |date=4 July 2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-1910-8838-4 |page=762 |access-date=6 Februari 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

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{{Collapsible list

| title = [[Frankfurt]] (tahun 1562–1806)

| Tempat [[Pemilihan kaisar|pemilihan]] dan [[Penobatan Kaisar Romawi Suci|penobatan]] kaisar

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| title = [[Praha]] (tahun 1583–1612)

| <ref>{{Cite book |last=Johnston |first=William M. |title=The Austrian Mind: An Intellectual and Social History, 1848–1938 |date=23 March 1983 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-5200-4955-0 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=-dmH7FjxassC&pg=PA13 13] |author-link=Will Johnston |language=en}}</ref>{{Sfn|Pavlac|Lott|2019|p=278}}

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{{Collapsible list

| title = [[Regensburg]] (tahun 1594–1806)

| Tempat sidang [[Dewan Kekaisaran Romawi Suci|Permusyawaratan Negara]] sejak tahun 1594, tempat sidang [[Dewan Abadi Regensburg|Permusyawaratan Abadi]] sejak tahun 1663{{Efn|name=Regensburg}}

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| title = [[Wetzlar]] (tahun 1689–1806)

| Tempat sidang [[Reichskammergericht|Mahkamah Negara]]

Maximilian adalah "Kaisar Romawi Suci yang pertama dalam 250 tahun yang memimpin sekaligus meraja". Pada permulaan dasawarsa 1500-an, ia adalah majikan sejati Kekaisaran Romawi Suci, meskipun kekuasaanya melemah pada dasawarsa terakhir menjelang kemangkatannya.{{Sfn|Brady|2009|pp=110, 128}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Forster |first=Marc R. |title=Forster on Brady Jr., 'German Histories in the Age of Reformations, 1400–1650' {{!}} H-German {{!}} H-Net |url=https://networks.h-net.org/node/35008/reviews/46131/forster-brady-jr-german-histories-age-reformations-1400-1650 |journal=Networks.h-net.org |access-date=5 Februari 2022}}</ref> Whaley mencermati bahwa, meskipun penuh dengan pergumulan, yang muncul pada akhir masa pemerintahan Maximilian adalah monarki yang sudah kukuh, dan bukan oligarki pangeran-pangeran praja.{{Sfn|Whaley|2012a|p=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210921005756/https://books.google.com/books?id=UiFWYsG-t7UC&pg=PA75 75]}} Benjamin Curtis berpendapat bahwa sekalipun tidak mampu sepenuhnya menciptakan suatu pemerintahan umum yang menaungi seluruh praja (meskipun tata usaha negara dan sidang majelis istana mampu menangani berbagai urusan di seluruh wilayah kedaulatan negara), Maximilian memperkuat fungsi-fungsi administratif penting di Austria dan membentuk jawatan-jawatan pusat untuk menangani urusan-urusan keuangan, politik, dan peradilan – jawatan-jawatan ini menggantikan sistem feodal dan merepresentasikan suatu sistem yang lebih modern yang dikelola oleh pejabat-pejabat yang diprofesionalkan. Sesudah dua dasawarsa mereformasi negara, kaisar mempertahankan kedudukannya sebagai tokoh yang dituakan di antara rekan-rekan yang sederajat, sementara negara mendapatkan lembaga-lembaga umum yang menjadi sarana kaisar untuk berbagi kekuasaan dengan berbagai golongan warga negara.{{Sfn|Curtis|2013|pp=46–52}}

 

 

Di Prancis dan Inggris, mulai dari abad ke-13, stationary royal residences had begun to develop into [[Capital city|capital cities]] that grew rapidly and developed corresponding infrastructure: the ''[[Palais de la Cité]]'' and the ''[[History of the Palace of Westminster|Palace of Westminster]]'' became the respective main residences. This was not possible in the Holy Roman Empire because no real hereditary monarchy emerged, but rather the tradition of elective monarchy prevailed ''(see: [[Imperial election]])'' which, in the High Middle Ages, led to kings of very different regional origins being elected ''([[List of royal and imperial elections in the Holy Roman Empire]])''. However, if they wanted to control the empire and its rebellious regional rulers, they could not limit themselves to their home region and their private palaces. As a result, kings and emperors continued to travel around the empire well into modern times,<ref>Karl Otmar von Aretin: ''Das Reich ohne Hauptstadt?'' (The empire without a capital?), in: ''Hauptstädte in europäischen Nationalstaaten'' (Capitals in European nation states), ed T Schieder & G Brunn, Munich/Vienna, 1983, pp. 1-29</ref> using their temporary residences ''([[Kaiserpfalz]])'' as transit stations for their ''[[itinerant court]]s''. From the late Middle Ages onwards, the weakly fortified ''pfalzen'' were replaced by [[imperial castle]]s. It was only King [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]], the younger brother of the then Emperor Charles V, who moved his main residence to the Vienna [[Hofburg]] in the middle of the 16th century, where most of the following Habsburg emperors subsequently resided. However, Vienna never became the official capital of the empire, just of a Habsburg hereditary state (the [[Archduchy of Austria]]). The emperors continued to travel to their elections and coronations at [[Frankfurt]] and [[Aachen]], to the [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial Diets]] at diffent places and to other occasions. The [[Perpetual Diet of Regensburg]] was based in [[Regensburg]] from 1663 to 1806. [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolf II]] resided in [[Prague]], the [[Wittelsbach]] emperor [[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VII]] in Munich. A German capital in the true sense only existed in the Second [[German Empire]] from 1871, when the [[Kaiser]], [[Reichstag (German Empire)|Reichstag]] and [[Chancellor of Germany#Chancellor of the German Reich|Reichskanzler]] resided in [[Berlin]].-->