Tiomersal dan vaksin: Perbedaan antara revisi

Dampak potensial tiomersal pada autisme telah diselidiki secara ekstensif. Berbagai bukti ilmiah telah menunjukkan bahwa tiomersal tidak menyebabkan autisme. Misalnya, gejala klinis [[keracunan raksa]] berbeda secara signifikan dari autisme.<ref name=Nelson>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nelson KB, Bauman ML | title = Thimerosal and autism? | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 111 | issue = 3 | pages = 674–679 | date = March 2003 | pmid = 12612255 | doi = 10.1542/peds.111.3.674 | doi-access = }}</ref> Selain itu, berbagai studi populasi tidak menemukan hubungan antara tiomersal dan autisme, dan tingkat autisme terus meningkat meskipun tiomersal telah dihilangkan dari vaksin.<ref name=Doja/> Dengan demikian, badan ilmiah dan medis utama seperti ''Institute of Medicine'',<ref name=IOM2004>{{cite book |title=Immunization Safety Review: Vaccines and Autism|publisher=The National Academies Press|location=Washington, DC|year=2004|isbn=978-0-309-09237-1|url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10997.html|doi=10.17226/10997|pmid=20669467 |author1=Institute of Medicine (US) Immunization Safety Review Committee }}</ref> [[Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]] (WHO),<ref name=WHO>{{cite web|author=World Health Organization|year=2006|url=http://who.int/vaccine_safety/topics/thiomersal/questions/en/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031012231839/http://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/topics/thiomersal/questions/en/|archive-date=12 October 2003|title=Thiomersal and vaccines: questions and answers|access-date=19 May 2009}}</ref> serta badan pemerintah seperti [[Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Amerika Serikat]] (FDA)<ref name=T-in-vaccines>{{cite web|date=6 September 2007|url=https://www.fda.gov/cber/vaccine/thimerosal.htm|access-date=1 October 2007|title=Thimerosal in vaccines|publisher=Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration}}</ref> dan [[Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit Amerika Serikat]] (CDC)<ref name=CDC>{{cite web|author=Centers for Disease Control|date=8 February 2008|url=https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/Concerns/thimerosal/index.html|title=Mercury and vaccines (thimerosal)|access-date=1 August 2011}}</ref> menolak peran apa pun untuk tiomersal dalam autisme atau gangguan perkembangan saraf lainnya. Meskipun ada konsensus di komunitas ilmiah, beberapa orang tua dan kelompok advokasi tetap berpendapat bahwa tiomersal terkait dengan autisme<ref name=Sugarman>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sugarman SD | title = Cases in vaccine court--legal battles over vaccines and autism | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 357 | issue = 13 | pages = 1275–1277 | date = September 2007 | pmid = 17898095 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMp078168 | url = https://works.bepress.com/stephen_sugarman/77 | access-date = 11 December 2019 | doi-access = free | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190627235604/https://works.bepress.com/stephen_sugarman/77/ | archive-date = 27 June 2019 }}</ref> dan klaim tersebut masih dinyatakan seolah-olah fakta dalam propaganda anti-vaksinasi, khususnya yang dilakukan oleh [[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]], melalui kelompoknya ''Children's Health Defense''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-robert-f-kennedy-jr-distorted-vaccine-science1/ |title=How Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., Distorted Vaccine Science | vauthors = Mnookin S |website=Scientific American |access-date=3 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=hotez>{{Cite web|url=https://www.axios.com/vaccination-coverage-continues-to-decline-as-misinformation-spreads-ed5429ba-fc5f-4848-9144-8258f508a2b2.html|title=Global disease risk worsening as anti-vaccination campaigns spread| vauthors = Hotez P |author-link=Peter Hotez|date=3 January 2019|website=Axios|access-date=27 February 2019}}</ref> Tiomersal tidak lagi digunakan dalam sebagian besar vaksin anak-anak di Amerika Serikat, kecuali beberapa jenis [[vaksin influenza|suntikan flu]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions about Thimerosal|url=https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/thimerosal/faqs.html|author=Centers for Disease Control|access-date=7 April 2016}}</ref> Meskipun paparan merkuri dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan pada otak, ginjal, dan perkembangan janin,<ref>{{cite web|title=ToxFAQs for Mercury|publisher=Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry|url=https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsLanding.aspx?id=113&tid=24|access-date=7 April 2016}}</ref> [[konsensus ilmiah]] menyatakan bahwa tiomersal tidak memiliki efek tersebut.<ref name=Doja>{{cite journal | vauthors = Doja A, Roberts W | title = Immunizations and autism: a review of the literature | journal = The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences | volume = 33 | issue = 4 | pages = 341–346 | date = November 2006 | pmid = 17168158 | doi = 10.1017/s031716710000528x | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name=IOM2004/>

 

 

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