Teori kepribadian golongan darah: Perbedaan antara revisi

Terinspirasi dari [[rasisme ilmiah]] yang pernah ada di Eropa pada awal abad ke-20, golongan darah digunakan oleh masyarakat Jepang untuk melawan rasisme ilmiah.<ref>Takeji Furukawa (1927), 血液型と気質 Blood Type and Temperament - in Europe As are more than Asia, so Europeans insisted A races are superior to B races. A Japanese scholar, Takeji Furukawa opposed the idea and asserted that B persons were active while A persons were passive.</ref> Kepercayaan masyarakat ini diawali oleh tulisan-tulisan [[Masahiko Nomi]] tahun 1970-an. Komunitas ilmiah dan akademik menganggap kepercayaan golongan darah ini sebagai [[takhayul]] belaka atau [[ilmu semu]] karena tidak punya dasar bukti yang kuat atau acuan terhadap kriteria yang teruji.<ref name="AP" /><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8646236.stm Dating by blood type in Japan]</ref><ref name=Nuwer>{{cite web|last=Nuwer|first=Rachel|title=You are what you bleed: In Japan and other east Asian countries some believe blood type dictates personality|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=you-are-what-you-bleed-in-japan-and-2011-02-15&WT.mc_id=SA_DD_20110215|publisher=Scientific American|accessdate=16 Feb 2011|archive-date=2012-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018035447/http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/2011/02/15/you-are-what-you-bleed-in-japan-and-other-east-asian-countries-some-believe-blood-type-dictates-personality/?WT.mc_id=SA_DD_20110215|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Meski penelitian mengenai hubungan sebab antara golongan darah dan kepribadian tidak begitu banyak, semua penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa tidak ada kaitan menonjol antara kedua hal tersebut.<ref name="cramer">Cramer, K. M., & Imaike, E. (2002). Personality, blood type, and the five-factor model. Personality and individual differences, 32(4), 621-626.</ref><ref name="rogers">Rogers, M., & Glendon, A. I. (2003). Blood type and personality. Personality and individual differences, 34(7), 1099-1112.</ref><ref name="wu">Wu, K., Lindsted, K. D., & Lee, J. W. (2005). Blood type and the five factors of personality in Asia. Personality and individual differences, 38(4), 797-808.</ref><ref name="nawata">Kengo Nawata (2014), [https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjpsy/85/2/85_85.13016/_pdf ''No relationship between blood type and personality: Evidence from large-scale surveys in Japan and the US''], The Japanese Journal of Psychology, 85(2), 148-156.</ref> Sebaliknya, sejumlah penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan tersebut ada karena tercipta sendiri (''self-fulfilling'') sebagai efek dari membaca ramalan golongan darah tersebut.<ref name="sakamoto2004">Sakamoto, A., & Yamazaki, K. (2004), [http://www.hss.ocha.ac.jp/psych/socpsy/sakamoto/media/2003-2004/blood%20typical.pdf ''Blood-typical personality stereotypes and self-fulfilling prophecy: A natural experiment with time-series data of 1978–1988.''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122125350/http://www.hss.ocha.ac.jp/psych/socpsy/sakamoto/media/2003-2004/blood%20typical.pdf |date=2016-01-22 }}, Progress in Asian Social Psychology, Vol. 4, 239–262.</ref><ref name="sohn">Sung Il Ryu, Young Woo Sohn (2007), ''A Review of Sociocultural, Behavioral, Biochemical Analyses on ABO Blood-Groups Typology'', The Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology</ref><ref>Masayuki Kanazawa (2021), [http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.ijpbs.20211101.02.html ''Relationship between ABO Blood Type and Personality in a Large-scale Survey in Japan''], TInternational Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 11(2), 6-12.</ref> Dari data yang sama pun muncul hasil yang saling bertentangan: hubungan golongan darah dan kepribadian sebenarnya efek yang tercipta sendiri<ref name="sakamoto1992">Yamazaki, K., & Sakamoto, A. (1992), 血液型ステレオタイプによる自己成就現象II－全国調査の時系列分析－ ''The self-fulfillment phenomenon generated by blood-typical personality stereotypes: time-series analysis of nation-wide survey II'', Paper presented at the 33rd annual convention of the Japanese society of social psychology. Tokyo (pp. 342-345).</ref> dan tidak tercipta sendiri.<ref>Matsui, Y. (1991), 血液型による性格の違いに関する統計的検討 ''Statistical consideration on personality difference of blood types'', Bulltine of Tokyo metropolitan Tachikawa junior college, 124, 51-54.</ref> Beberapa [[hipotesis]] medis telah dipaparkan mengenai hal ini.<ref>Donna K. Hobgood (2011), ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987711002106 Personality traits of aggression-submissiveness and perfectionism associate with ABO blood groups through catecholamine activities]'', Medical Hypotheses, 77(2):294-300.</ref> Baru-baru ini, penelitian menggunakan AI telah dimulai.<ref>Akbar, A. T., Husaini, R., Akbar, B. M., Saifullah, S. (2020), [https://doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.2020.13625 ''A proposed method for handling an imbalance data in classification of blood type based on Myers-Briggs type indicator''], Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer, 8(4), 276-283.</ref><ref>Masayuki Kanazawa (2021), [http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.ajis.20211101.01.html ''A Pilot Study Using AI for Psychology: ABO Blood Type and Personality Traits''], American Journal of Intelligent Systems, 11(1), 1-7.</ref>