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Baris 1: {{Inuse}} '''Situs web berita palsu''' atau '''situs berita hoaks'''<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2016-12-09\|title=Hillary Clinton Warns About Hoax News On Social Media - CBS Baltimore\|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/baltimore/news/hillary-clinton-warns-about-hoax-news-on-social-media/\|website=www.cbsnews.com\|language=en-US\|access-date=2024-12-13}}</ref> adalah situs web di Internet yang dengan sengaja menerbitkan berita palsu—hoaks, propaganda, dan disinformasi yang mengaku sebagai berita nyata—sering kali menggunakan media sosial untuk mengarahkan lalu lintas web dan memperkuat efeknya.~~[3][4][5][6]~~<ref>{{Cite web\|last=LaCapria\|first=Kim\|date=2016-01-14\|title=Snopes' Field Guide to Fake News Sites and Hoax Purveyors\|url=https://www.snopes.com/news/2016/01/14/fake-news-sites/\|website=Snopes\|language=en\|access-date=2024-12-18}}</ref> Tidak seperti berita satir, situs-situs ini sengaja berusaha dianggap sah dan dianggap remeh, sering kali demi keuntungan finansial atau politik.~~[7][8][~~<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Leyva\|first=Rodolfo\|last2=Beckett\|first2=Charlie\|date=2020-12-01\|title=Testing and unpacking the effects of digital fake news: on presidential candidate evaluations and voter support\|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00146-020-00980-6\|journal=AI & SOCIETY\|language=en\|volume=35\|issue=4]\|pages=969–980\|doi=10.1007/s00146-020-00980-6\|issn=1435-5655}}</ref> Situs web berita palsu memonetisasi konten mereka dengan mengeksploitasi kerentanan perdagangan iklan terprogram,~~[9]~~<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Diaz Ruiz\|first=Carlos A.\|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0267257X.2024.2421860\|doi=10.1080/0267257x.2024.2421860\|issn=0267-257X}}</ref> yang merupakan jenis iklan online di mana iklan diperdagangkan melalui lelang mesin-ke-mesin dalam sistem penawaran waktu nyata.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Braun\|first=Joshua A.\|last2=Eklund\|first2=Jessica L.\|date=2019-01-02\|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2018.1556314\|doi=10.1080/21670811.2018.1556314\|issn=2167-0811}}</ref> Situs web berita palsu telah mempromosikan kebohongan politik di sejumlah negara seperti di India,<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Vij\|first=Shivam\|date=2020-05-27\|title=India’s anti-Muslim fake news factories are following the anti-Semitic playbook\|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/india-anti-muslim-fake-news-factories-anti-semitic-playbook/430332/\|website=ThePrint\|language=en-US\|access-date=2024-12-18}}</ref> Jerman,<ref>{{Cite news\|last=Connolly\|first=Kate\|last2=Chrisafis\|first2=Angelique\|last3=Kirchgaessner\|first3=Stephanie\|last4=Haas\|first4=Benjamin\|last5=Hunt\|first5=Elle\|last6=Safi\|first6=Michael\|last7=McPherson\|first7=Poppy\|last8=Phillips\|first8=Dominic\|date=2016-12-02\|title=Fake news: an insidious trend that's fast becoming a global problem\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/dec/02/fake-news-facebook-us-election-around-the-world\|newspaper=The Guardian\|language=en-GB\|issn=0261-3077\|access-date=2024-12-18}}</ref> Indonesia dan Filipina,<ref>{{Cite news\|date=2016-11-17\|title=Fake News in U.S. Election? Elsewhere, That’s Nothing New (Published 2016)\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/18/technology/fake-news-on-facebook-in-foreign-elections-thats-not-new.html\|language=en\|access-date=2024-12-18}}</ref> Swedia, Meksiko,<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2016-07-27\|title=Concern over barrage of fake Russian news in Sweden\|url=https://www.thelocal.se/20160727/concern-over-barrage-of-fake-russian-news-in-sweden\|website=The Local Sweden\|language=en\|access-date=2024-12-18}}</ref> Myanmar,<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Frenkel\|first=Sheera\|date=2016-11-20\|title=This Is What Happens When Millions Of People Suddenly Get The Internet\|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/sheerafrenkel/fake-news-spreads-trump-around-the-world\|website=BuzzFeed News\|language=en\|access-date=2024-12-18}}</ref> dan Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2016-11-25\|title=Russian propaganda effort likely behind flood of fake news that preceded election\|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/russian-propaganda-effort-behind-flood-fake-news-preceded-election\|website=PBS News\|language=en-us\|access-date=2024-12-18}}</ref> Banyak situs yang berasal dari atau dipromosikan oleh Rusia,<ref>{{Cite news\|last=Chen\|first=Adrian\|date=2016-07-27\|title=The Real Paranoia-Inducing Purpose of Russian Hacks\|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-real-paranoia-inducing-purpose-of-russian-hacks\|newspaper=The New Yorker\|language=en-US\|issn=0028-792X\|access-date=2024-12-18}}</ref> atau Makedonia Utara.<ref>{{Cite news\|last=Tynan\|first=Dan\|date=2016-08-24\|title=How Facebook powers money machines for obscure political 'news' sites\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/aug/24/facebook-clickbait-political-news-sites-us-election-trump\|newspaper=The Guardian\|language=en-GB\|issn=0261-3077\|access-date=2024-12-18}}</ref> Beberapa analis media melihatnya sebagai ancaman terhadap demokrasi. Pada tahun 2016, Komite Urusan Luar Negeri Parlemen Eropa mengeluarkan resolusi yang memperingatkan bahwa pemerintah Rusia menggunakan "kantor berita palsu" dan troll internet sebagai propaganda disinformasi untuk melemahkan kepercayaan terhadap nilai-nilai demokrasi.<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Sanders IV\|first=Lewis\|date=2016-10-11\|title=European lawmakers warn of Russian propaganda – DW – 10/11/2016\|url=https://www.dw.com/en/divide-europe-european-lawmakers-warn-of-russian-propaganda/a-36016836\|website=dw.com\|language=en\|access-date=2024-12-18}}</ref> == Definisi == == Sejarah pra-Internet == == Karakteristik == == Negara == == Tanggapan == == Analisis akademisi == == Referensi ==

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