Operasi Mengejutkan: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''OperationOperasi Shocker''' wasadalah a 23-yearoperasi [[counterintelligencekontraintelijen]] operationselama run23 bytahun theyang USdijalankan oleh [[FederalBiro BureauInvestigasi of InvestigationFederal]] againstAS theterhadap [[Uni Soviet Union]]. The operationOperasi involvedtersebut themelibatkan [[fakepembelotan defectionpalsu]] inuntuk placemenggantikan ofseorang asersan USAngkatan ArmyDarat sergeantAS basedyang inbermarkas di [[Washington, D.C.]] whoyang, insebagai returnimbalan foratas hundredsratusan ofribu thousandsdolar ofselama dollarsdua overdekade, twomemberikan decades,informasi providedkepada information tointelijen Soviet intelligence ([[MainDirektorat IntelligenceIntelijen DirectorateUtama (SovietUni UnionSoviet)|GRU]]) assebagaimana agreeddisetujui by theoleh [[Joint ChiefsKepala ofStaf StaffGabungan]]. ThisIni includedtermasuk overlebih dari 4,.000 documentsdokumen on a newtentang [[nervegas gassaraf]] thebaru USyang believeddiyakini unweaponizableAS tidak dapat dijadikan senjata, withdengan themaksud USAS intendinguntuk tomembuang-buang wastesumber Sovietdaya resourcesSoviet.

==OverviewGambaran Umum==

TheOperasi operationtersebut begandimulai inpada tahun 1959 whenketika U.S.Sersan ArmySatu Angkatan FirstDarat SergeantAS Joseph Edward Cassidy (1920<ref name="C-SPAN">{{cite AV media | people=Brian Lamb (Host), David Wise (interviewed) | date=April 3, 2000 | title=Cassidy's Run: The Secret Spy War Over Nerve Gas | medium=TV program | publisher=C-SPAN | url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?156370-1/cassidys-run-secret-spy-war-nerve-gas&start=164 }}<!--Birth day June 25, 1920 stated on video--></ref>-2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/national-cremation/obituary.aspx?n=Joseph-Cassidy&lc=4516&pid=154252599&mid=4821163 |title=Joseph Cassidy Obituary - National Cremation - Virginia Beach VA |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=[[Legacy.com]] |access-date=March 22, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://billiongraves.com/grave/Joseph-Edward-Cassidy/10173877 |title=Joseph Edward Cassidy |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=August 27, 2014 |website=BillionGraves |access-date=March 22, 2018 |quote=CSM US Army World War II Korea Vietnam}}</ref>), assignedditugaskan todi thekantor Army'stenaga nuclearnuklir powerAngkatan officeDarat neardi dekat [[Washington, D.C.]], was approacheddidekati (withdengan Armyizin permission)Angkatan byDarat) theoleh FBI. Cassidy, despitemeskipun havingtidak nomemiliki previouspelatihan trainingsebelumnya, wasberhasil ablemelakukan tokontak makedengan contactatase withangkatan alaut Soviet navalyang attachediyakini believedsebagai to be a spymata-mata, anddan setmembuat upkesepakatan andi arrangementmana whereia heakan wouldmemberikan provideinformasi informationkepada toSoviet thedengan Sovietsimbalan inuang. exchangePermintaan for money.informasi Soviet requestsditeruskan for information were passed to the USke [[JointKepala ChiefsStaf of StaffGabungan]] AS, and variousdan classifiedberbagai informationinformasi providedrahasia asdiberikan asebagai resulthasilnya.<ref name=Day>Anthony Day, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', 7 April 2000, [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-apr-07-cl-16806-story.html "Cold-War Espionage Thriller Brims with the Shocking Truth"]</ref>

TheMinat principalutama RussianRusia interestadalah wasinformasi inmengenai information about the USprogram [[nerve gas saraf]] programAS,<ref name=Day/> anddan Cassidy initiallyawalnya establishedmembuktikan hiskredibilitasnya credentialsdengan by providing genuinememberikan data fromasli the USdari program AS.<ref>Scott Shane, ''[[Baltimore Sun]]'', 8 July 2001, [https://www.baltimoresun.com/2001/07/08/spying-though-overrated-has-much-redeeming-value/ "Spying, though overrated, has much redeeming value"]</ref> ByPada tahun 1964, heia wasberada inpada aposisi positionuntuk tomulai beginmengarahkan pointingpenelitian Soviet researchke towardsarah aagen G-seriessaraf nerveseri agentG, [[agen Novichok agent|GJ]], whichyang themenurut USAS thoughttidak coulddapat notdiproduksi bedalam producedbentuk inyang stable,stabil dan dapat weaponizabledijadikan formsenjata.<ref name="C-SPAN" /> Cassidy providedmenyediakan overlebih dari 4,.000 documentsdokumen ontentang acampuran mixturepenelitian ofnyata realdan andtidak non-existentada researchtentang intogas the new gasbaru, withdengan theAS USbermaksud intendingmembuang-buang tosumber wastedaya Soviet resourcesdengan attempting tomencoba duplicatemenduplikasi thepekerjaan worktersebut.<ref name=BW>Milton Leitenberg, Raymond A Zilinskas, and Jens H Kuhn (2012), ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=6iSg3YKhzikC&pg=PT430 The Soviet Biological Weapons Program: A History]'', [[Harvard University Press]], p. 430</ref><ref>Benjamin C. Garrett and John Hart (2009), ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=yNJtYLW4IiwC&pg=PA160 The A to Z of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Warfare]'', [[Scarecrow Press]], p. 160</ref><ref>[[James Risen]], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 5 March 2000, [https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/05/world/us-dangled-poison-secrets-before-soviets-book-reports.html "U.S. Dangled Poison Secrets Before Soviets", Book Reports]</ref> [[David Wise (journalistwartawan)|David Wise]], indalam his bookbukunya ''Cassidy's Run'', impliesmenyiratkan thatbahwa theprogram Soviet program to developuntuk themengembangkan [[Novichokagen agentNovichok]]s maymungkin havemerupakan beenhasil anyang unintendedtidak resultdiinginkan ofdari theinformasi misleadingyang informationmenyesatkan.<ref name="Flynn Fired">{{Cite journal |last1=Flynn |first1=Michael |author-link1=Michael Flynn |last2=Garthoff |first2=Raymond L. |author-link2=Raymond L. Garthoff |year=2000 |title=Playing with Fire |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |volume=56 |issue=5 |pages=35–40 |bibcode= 2000BuAtS..56e..35F|doi=10.1080/00963402.2000.11456992 |s2cid=218769448 }}</ref>

TheOperasi operationitu wassangat highly classifiedrahasia, anddan whenketika twodua agen FBI agentstewas dieddalam inkecelakaan apesawat planesaat crashmengawasi while surveilling amata-mata Soviet spy, presspers anddan publicpublik weredisesatkan misledtentang aboutkeadaan the circumstancestersebut, anddan bahkan evenkeluarga theagen agents'tidak familiesdiberi weretahu toldapa nothingpun forselama yearsbertahun-tahun.<ref name="Cassidy's Run">{{cite book |last1=Wise |first1=David |author-link1=David Wise (journalist) |title=Cassidy's Run: The Secret Spy War Over Nerve Gas |year=2000 |publisher= [[Random House]] |isbn=9780812992632}}

==ReferencesReferensi==