Daftar presiden Indonesia: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 6:
Sistem kepresidenan dirumuskan dalam [[Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945|UUD 1945]] oleh [[Badan Penyelidik Usaha-Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan|Badan Penyelidik Usaha-Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia]] (BPUPKI), yang dibentuk di masa pendudukan Jepang pada tanggal 1 Maret 1945 untuk melakukan kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan "Usaha persiapan kemerdekaan Indonesia".<ref>{{Citation | last1 = Kusuma | first1 = A.B. | last2 = Elson | first2 = R.E. | title = A note on the sources for the 1945 constitutional debates in Indonesia | journal = Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde | volume = 167 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 196–209| year = 2011 | issn = 0006-2294 | doi = 10.1163/22134379-90003589| url = http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:273574/UQ273574_OA.pdf }}</ref> Pada tanggal 18 Agustus 1945, [[Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia]] (PPKI), yang dibentuk untuk menggantikan BPUPKI, menunjuk [[Soekarno]] sebagai Presiden Republik Indonesia yang pertama dan dengan demikian mengesahkan terbentuknya lembaga kepresidenan Indonesia.
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{|class="toccolours" style="font-size:88%"
|{{colbegin}}
{{legend|{{party color|Independent politician}}|[[Independent politician|Independent]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Military rule}}|[[Indonesian National Armed Forces|Military]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Golkar}}|[[Golkar]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|National Awakening Party}}|[[National Awakening Party]] (PKB)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle}}|[[Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle]] (PDI-P)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|United Development Party}}|[[United Development Party]] (PPP)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Democratic Party (Indonesia)}}|[[Democratic Party (Indonesia)|Democratic Party]] (Demokrat)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Gerindra Party}}|[[Gerindra Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{colend}}
'''Note:''' '''—''' denotes acting president
|}
{{sticky header}}
{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style="text-align:center"
!rowspan="2"|{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
!rowspan="2"|Portrait
!rowspan="2"|Name{{smalldiv|(Lifespan)}}
!colspan="4"|Term of office
!rowspan="2"|Party
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Vice president
|-
!Took office
!Left office
!Election
!Time in office
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
!rowspan="4" style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;"|1
|rowspan="4"|[[File:Presiden Sukarno.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="4"|'''[[Sukarno]]'''<br>{{small|(1901–1970)}}
|rowspan="2"|18 August 1945
|rowspan="2"|18 May 1963
|rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="3"|{{Age in years and days|1945|08|18|1967|03|12}}
|rowspan="3"|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
!style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;"|1
|[[Mohammad Hatta]]
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE" style="height:20px;"
|colspan="3" rowspan="2"|''Vacant'' (1 December 1956 – {{nowrap|12 March 1967}})
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
|18 May 1963
|
|[[1963 Indonesian presidential election|1963]]
|-
|colspan="7" align="left"|{{small|Declared Indonesia's independence from colonial powers. Presided during the [[Indonesian National Revolution]] and the [[1955 Indonesian legislative election|first national elections]]. One of the founding fathers of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]] and hosted the 1955 [[Bandung Conference]]. Called for '[[Guided Democracy in Indonesia|Guided Democracy]]' following the collapse of 10 governments during the 1950s, with ''[[Nasakom]]'' as its principal ideology. [[New York Agreement|Acceded Western New Guinea]]. Opposed the formation of [[Malaysia]] and began ''[[Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation|Konfrontasi]]''. Signed ''[[Supersemar]]'' in 1966 following the [[30 September Movement|assassination of 6 generals]].}}
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
!rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Military rule}}; color:black;"|—
|rowspan="10"|[[File:President Suharto, 1993.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="10"|'''[[Suharto]]'''<br>{{small|(1921–2008)}}
|[[Acting presidency of Suharto|12 March 1967]]
|27 March 1968
|—
|{{Age in years and days|1967|03|12|1968|03|27}}
|[[Indonesian National Armed Forces|Military]]
|colspan="2"|''Vacant''
|-
|colspan="7" align="left"|{{small|Sukarno transferred key presidential powers to Suharto on 11 March 1966 in a vaguely worded letter of authority known as ''[[Supersemar]]'' and surrendered his powers on 20 February 1967, but he was not formally relieved of his presidential title by the [[People's Consultative Assembly|MPRS]] until 12 March 1967. On 12 March 1967, the MPRS agreed to withdraw its mandate from Sukarno and remove him as president. Suharto replaced Sukarno as acting president until 27 March 1968, when he was formally elected as the second president of Indonesia.}}
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
!rowspan="8" style="background:{{party color|Golkar}}; color:black;"|2
|[[First inauguration of Suharto|27 March 1968]]
|23 March 1973
|[[1968 Indonesian presidential election|1968]]
|rowspan="7"|{{Age in years and days|1968|03|27|1998|05|21}}
|rowspan="7"|[[Golkar]]<br>{{small|(supported by the [[Indonesian National Armed Forces|military]])}}
|colspan="2"|''Vacant''
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
|23 March 1973
|23
|[[1971 Indonesian legislative election#Presidential election|1973]]
!style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;"|2
| [[Hamengkubuwono IX]]
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
|23 March 1978
|11 March 1983
|[[1977 Indonesian legislative election#Presidential election|1978]]
!style="background:{{party color|Golkar}}; color:black;"|3
|[[Adam Malik]]
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
|11
|11
|[[1982 Indonesian legislative election#Presidential election|1983]]
!style="background:{{party color|Golkar}}; color:black;"|4
|[[Umar Wirahadikusumah]]
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
|11
|11
|[[1987 Indonesian legislative election#Presidential election|1988]]
!style="background:{{party color|Golkar}}; color:black;"|5
|[[Sudharmono]]
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
|11
|11 March 1998
|[[1992 Indonesian legislative election#Presidential election|1993]]
!style="background:{{party color|Golkar}}; color:black;"|6
|[[Try Sutrisno]]
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
|11
|[[1997 Indonesian legislative election#Presidential election|1998]]
!style="background:{{party color|Golkar}}; color:black;"|7
|[[B. J. Habibie]]
|-
|colspan="7" align="left"|{{small|First president from a military background. The longest-serving president with an over-30-year tenure. Seized power from Sukarno through ''[[Supersemar]]'' in 1966. Declared a [[New Order (Indonesia)|New Order]] military dictatorship. Dismantled the [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] and oversaw the [[Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66|mass murder and imprisonment]] of thousands of suspected communists throughout the archipelago. Ended ''Konfrontasi'' and initiated friendly relationships with neighbouring countries of [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]], and Indonesia became a founding member of the [[ASEAN|Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] and the [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation]]. Severed ties with [[China]] and other communist countries in the region. [[Act of Free Choice|Incorporated Western New Guinea into Indonesia]]. [[Indonesian invasion of East Timor|Annexed East Timor]]. Oversaw great [[Economy of Indonesia|economic and infrastructural development]] but [[Corruption in Indonesia|rampant corruption within the bureaucracy and government]]. [[Fall of Suharto|Resigned]] following the collapse of the Indonesian economy during the [[1997 Asian financial crisis|1997 financial crisis]] and the [[May 1998 riots of Indonesia|1998 riots]].}}
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
!rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Golkar}}; color:black;"|3
|rowspan="2"|[[
|rowspan="2"|'''[[B. J. Habibie]]'''<br>{{small|(1936–2019)}}
|[[Fall of Suharto#Resignation of Suharto|21 May 1998]]
|{{nowrap|20 October 1999}}
|—
|{{Age in years and days|1998|05|21|1999|10|20}}
|[[Golkar]]
|colspan="2"|''Vacant''
|-
|colspan="7" align="left"|{{small|First, and to date the only, president (aside from acting presidents) who was born outside of [[Java]]. First vice president to become president. Took power following Suharto's resignation. Oversaw Indonesia's [[Post-Suharto era|democratic transition]]. [[East Timor]] declared independence from Indonesia. Released thousands of political prisoners. Decided not to run for a full term.}}
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
|rowspan="3"|[[File:President Abdurrahman Wahid - Indonesia.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="3"|'''[[
|rowspan="2"|{{nowrap|[[
|rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2"|[[1999 Indonesian presidential election|1999]]
|rowspan="2"|{{Age in years and days|1999|10|20|2001|07|23}}
|rowspan="2"|[[National Awakening Party|PKB]]
|colspan="2"|''Vacant'' (20–21 October 1999)
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
!style="background:{{party color|Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle}}; color:white;"|8
|[[Megawati Sukarnoputri]]
|-
|colspan="7" align="left"|{{small|First executive branch officer (president and vice president) to have come from a religious background. Head of [[Nahdlatul Ulama]] and grandson of [[Hasyim Asy'ari|its founder]]. Term embroiled by a [[Abdurrahman Wahid#Buloggate and Bruneigate|number of scandals and corruption cases]]. Abolished all remaining [[Legislation on Chinese Indonesians|legal discrimination]] against [[Chinese Indonesians]]. Attempts to reform the military and remove its political power were not taken kindly by military actors. Attempted to [[Abdurrahman Wahid's 23 July 2001 Decree|dissolve parliament]], but was himself [[Impeachment of Abdurrahman Wahid|impeached and removed from office]] by parliament.}}
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
|rowspan="3"|[[File:President Megawati Sukarnoputri - Indonesia.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="3"|'''[[Megawati Sukarnoputri]]'''<br>{{small|(born 1947)}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Inauguration of Megawati Sukarnoputri|23 July 2001]]
|rowspan="2"|20 October 2004
|rowspan="2"|—
|rowspan="2"|{{Age in years and days|2001|07|23|2004|10|20}}
|rowspan="2"|[[Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle|PDI-P]]
|colspan="2"|''Vacant'' (23–26 July 2001)
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
!style="background:{{party color|United Development Party}}; color:white;"|9
|[[Hamzah Haz]]
|-
|colspan="7" align="left"|{{small|First female president of Indonesia and the first to be born after the [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|proclamation of independence]] in 1945. Oldest daughter and second child of President Sukarno, first president born to another president. First female vice president and the first vice president to be born after 1945. Came to power following the removal of Abdurrahman Wahid. Presided during a period of economic growth. Bali was attacked by a [[2002 Bali bombings|major bombing]] in 2002 by [[Jemaah Islamiyah]]. Lost [[2004 Indonesian presidential election|reelection]] bid to her former coordinating minister and in a later [[2009 Indonesian presidential election|rematch]].}}
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
|rowspan="
|rowspan="3"|'''[[
|[[First inauguration of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono|20 October 2004]]
|20 October 2009
|[[2004 Indonesian presidential election|2004]]
|rowspan="2"|{{Age in years|2004|10|20|2014|10|20}} years
|rowspan="2"|[[Democratic Party (Indonesia)|Demokrat]]
!style="background:{{party color|Golkar}}; color:black;"|10
|[[Jusuf Kalla]]
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
|[[
|20
|
!style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;"|11
|[[Boediono]]
|-
|colspan="7" align="left"|{{small|The first president to be directly elected by popular vote. Second president from a military background. Parts of Sumatra were devastated by the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami]]. Jemaah Islamiyah was severely weakened following efforts by [[Detachment 88]]. Indonesia was classified as part of [[MINT (economics)|MINT]] and became a member of the [[G20]] during his presidency. Elected to a second term in [[2009 Indonesian presidential election|2009]]. Indonesia formed the Bali Democracy Forum and became a founding member of the [[Open Government Partnership]]. He presided over consistent economic growth. During his second term, the [[Democratic Party (Indonesia)|Democratic Party]] was embroiled by many corruption scandals.}}
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
|rowspan="
|rowspan="4"|'''[[Joko Widodo]]'''<br>{{small|(born 1961)}}
|[[First inauguration of Joko Widodo|20 October 2014]]
|20 October 2019
|[[2014 Indonesian presidential election|2014]]
|rowspan="3"|{{Age in years|2014|10|20|2024|10|20}} years
|rowspan="3"|[[Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle|PDI-P]]
!style="background:{{party color|Golkar}}; color:black;"|12<br>{{small|(10)}}
|[[Jusuf Kalla]]
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
|rowspan="2"|[[Second inauguration of Joko Widodo|20 October 2019]]
|rowspan="2"|20 October 2024
|rowspan="2"|[[2019 Indonesian general election|2019]]
!style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}};"|13
|rowspan="2"|[[Ma'ruf Amin]]
|-
|style="background:{{party color|National Awakening Party}}; color:white;"|
|-
|colspan="7" align="left"|{{small|The first president not to have emerged from the country's political elite or to have been an army general.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/23/world/asia/joko-widodo-populist-governor-is-named-winner-in-indonesian-election.html|title=A Child of the Slum Rises as President of Indonesia|first=Joe|last=Cochrane|work=The New York Times|date=22 July 2014}}</ref> First president to have been a regional politician (mayor for about 7 years, governor for nearly 2 years) and the first to be born after the [[Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference|recognition of independence]] in December 1949. Initiated the process to move the capital of Indonesia from [[Jakarta]] to [[Nusantara (planned city)|Nusantara]]. Elected to a second term in [[2019 Indonesian general election#Presidential election|2019]].}}
|-bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Prabowo Subianto 2024 official portrait.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="2"|'''[[
|[[Inauguration of Prabowo Subianto|20 October 2024]]
|Incumbent
|[[2024 Indonesian general election|2024]]
|{{Age in years and days|2024|10|20}}
|[[Gerindra Party|Gerindra]]
!style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; color:black;"|14
|[[Gibran Rakabuming Raka]]
|-
|colspan="7" align="left"|{{small|Retired general and former commander of the [[Kopassus|Special Forces Command]] (Kopassus) and [[Kostrad|Army Strategic Reserve Command]] (Kostrad). Lost twice against his predecessor in [[2014 Indonesian presidential election|2014]] and [[2019 Indonesian general election|2019]], but was appointed as [[Ministry of Defense (Indonesia)|minister of defense]] in 2019. His 96.2 million votes are the [[List of Indonesian presidential candidates by number of votes received|highest received by any candidate in a democratic election in Indonesia]], surpassing Joko Widodo's 85.6 million votes in 2019. First president in Indonesia's history to have a younger predecessor. The oldest president to be sworn in for the first term at age 73. Third president from a military background.}}
|}
== Catatan ==
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