Orang Arab: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{terjemah|Inggris}}
{{OtherUses|the Arabian ethnicity}}
{{Ethnic group| image=
|group=Arabs
|poptime=''c.'' 250-300 million
|popplace=[[Timur Tengah]] and [[Afrika]]
|langs=[[Bahasa Arab]]
|rels=[[Islam]], [[Kristen]], [[Druze]], [[Yahudi]], none, or others
|related=[[Mizrahi Jews]], [[Sephardi Jews]], other [[Semit]] groups; possibly [[Badui]].
}}
'''Bangsa Arab''' ([[Bahasa Arab|Arab]]:<big><big> عرب </big></big>{{IPA|ʻarab}}) adalah sebuah grup etnik yang heterogen yang berada sepanjang [[Timur Tengah]] dan [[Afrika Utara]].
Bangsa Arab aslinya berasal dari [[Jazirah Arab]] dan menyebar ke seluruh Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara dengan penyebaran agama [[Islam]].
==Siapa seorang Arab?==
*[[Injil|Tradisi Injil]]: Dalam konteks Injil adalah seseorang yang merupakan keturunan [[Abraham]] melalui putranya [[Ismael]], dan putranya Medan dan Median. Abraham memiliki putra yang bernama Ismael melalui selirnya yang berasal dari [[Mesir]], [[Hagar]]. Istri Abraham dari yang bernama [[Sara]] meminta [[Abraham]] mengirim jauh-jauh [[Hagar]] dan [[Ismael]] ke Padang Pasir. [[Kitab Kejadian]] 25:18 menyatakan bahwa ''Ismael mendiami daerah dari Hawila sampai Syur, yang letaknya di sebelah timur Mesir ke arah Asyur, Mereka menetap berhadapan dengan semua saudara mereka''. Hawila sampai Syur mungkin adalah daerah timur laut Sungai River seperti yang disebut dalam Kejadian 2:11. [[Ismael]] menikah dengan perempuan [[Mesir]] dan ayah dari 12 anak laki-laki, yang menjadi kepada dari 12 suku Arab. Dengan demikian, [[Ismael]] merupaka leluhur dari dua belas suku dari [[Ishmaelites]] atau Arab Timur Tengah, yang dapat menguasai 3/4 Mesir. <br> Abraham juga menikah dengan Keturah, yang memiliki dua orang putra, Medan dan Midian (dimana Medianites berasal). Mereka dapat menguasai sekurang-kurangnya 1/2 Mesir; jika Medan dan Media menikahi perempuan Mesir (seperti yang dilakukan Ismael) mekera dapat menguasai 3/4 Mesir. Kedua suku ini kemungkinan adalah Afrika atau Badui padang pasir. Meidianites kemudian menurut Injil disebut Ishmaelites.
*[[Islam|Tradisi Islam]]: Seorang Arab adalah seseorang yang memiliki keturunan dari Nabi Ismail, anak dari Nabi Ibrahim.
*[[Identity (social science)|Ethnic identity]]: someone who considers him or herself to be an Arab (regardless of [[racial]] or [[ethnic origin]]) and is recognized as such by others.
*[[Bahasa]]: seseorang yang bahasa pertamanya adalah Bahasa Arab (termasuk variannya); definisi ini mencakup lebih dari 250 juta orang. Bahasa Arab termasuk dalam lingkup Bahasa Semit.
*[[Genealogy|Genealogical]]: seseorang yang dapat melacak nenek moyang ke habitat asal di Semenanjung Arab.
*[[Political geography|Political]]: seseorang yang menjadi penduduk atau warga suatu negara dimana Bahasa Arab adalah bahasa resmi atau bahasa nasional, atau anggota dari Liga Arab atau bagian dari Dunia Arab; definisi ini dapat mencakup lebih dari 300 juga orang. someone who is a resident or [[citizen]] of a country where Arabic is an [[official language|official]] or [[national language]], or is a member of the [[Arab League]] or is part of the wider [[Arab world]]; this definition would cover more than 300 million people, but it is rather simplistic and rigid in that it excludes the entire [[Arab_diaspora|Diaspora]] but includes [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous]] or [[migrant]] [[ethnic minority|minorities]].
The relative importance of these factors is estimated differently by different groups. Most people who consider themselves Arabs do so on the basis of the overlap of the political and linguistic definitions. However, some members of groups which fulfill both criteria reject the identity on the basis of the genealogical definition; [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] [[Maronites]], for example, may reject the Arab label in favor of a narrower [[Phoenicia]]n-Lebanese national identity (although Maronites originate from the Syrian interior and Phonecians lived on the coasts of Syria and Lebanon), as do many Coptic and Muslim Egyptians who embrace the continuation of their ancient heritage. Groups using a non-Arabic liturgical language are especially likely to consider themselves non-Arab, even though they are not ethnically distinct from their Muslim compatriots. Not many people consider themselves Arab on the basis of the political definition without the linguistic one—thus, [[Kurd]]s or [[Berber]]s do not usually identify themselves as Arab—but some do (for instance, some Berbers do consider themselves Arabs, and Kurds were in some historical circumstances seen as Arabs or Persians).
A ''[[hadith]]'' of questionable authenticity[http://www.islamtoday.com/show_detail_section.cfm?q_id=266&main_cat_id=11], related by [[Ibn Asakir]] in ''Târîkh Dimashq'' and attributed by its narrator Salmân b. `Abd Allah to Islam's prophet [[Muhammad]], expresses a common sentiment in declaring that:
<blockquote>"Being an Arab is not because of your father or mother, but being an Arab is on account of your tongue. Whoever speaks Arabic is an Arab."</blockquote>
According to Habib Hassan Touma (1996, p.xviii), "An 'Arab', in the modern sense of the word, is one who is a national of an Arab state, has command of the Arabic language, and possesses a fundamental knowledge of Arabian tradition, that is, of the manners, customs, and political and social systems of the culture."
On its formation in 1946, the [[Arab League]] defined an "Arab" as follows:
<blockquote>"An Arab is a person whose language is Arabic, who lives in an Arabic speaking country, who is in sympathy with the aspirations of the Arabic speaking peoples."</blockquote>
A definition based on sociological variables is widely used since [[medieval]] times ([[Ibn Khaldun]], for example, does not use the word ''Arab'' to refer to the Arab people as defined by any of those definition, but only to those who are still living a bedouin life;i.e. a nomadic life, which he -Ibn Khaldoun- contrasts with urbanized life at the cities), this definition is still used by many Arabs.
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