Sejarah matematika: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Kelahiran kembali, penyembunyian sementara |
Matematika prasejarah |
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Baris 10:
== Matematika prasejarah ==
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Asal mula pemikiran matematika terletak di dalam konsep bilangan, besaran, dan bangun.<ref name="Boyer 1991 loc=Origins p. 3">{{Harv|Boyer|1991|loc="Origins" p. 3}}</ref> Pengkajian modern terhadap fosil binatang menunjukkan bahwa konsep ini tidak berlaku unik bagi manusia. Konsep ini mungkin juga menjadi bagian sehari-hari di dalam kawanan pemburu. Bahwa konsep bilangan berkembang tahap demi tahap seiring waktu adalah bukti di beberapa bahasa zaman kini mengawetkan perbedaan antara "satu", "dua", dan "banyak", tetapi bilangan yang lebih dari dua tidaklah demikian.<ref name="Boyer 1991 loc=Origins p. 3"/>
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▲[[Image:Ishango bone.jpg|thumb|right|400px|The [[Ishango bone]], dating to perhaps 18000 to 20000 [[Anno Domini|B.C.]]]]
The oldest known mathematical object is the [[Lebombo bone]], discovered in the Lebombo mountains of [[Swaziland]] and dated to approximately 35,000 BC.<ref>http://mathworld.wolfram.com/LebomboBone.html</ref> It consists of 29 distinct notches deliberately cut into a baboon's fibula.<ref name="Diaspora">{{cite web | last = Williams | first = Scott W. | year = 2005 | url = http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/Ancient-Africa/lebombo.html | title = The Oldest Mathematical Object is in Swaziland | work = Mathematicians of the African Diaspora | publisher = SUNY Buffalo mathematics department | accessdate = 2006-05-06}}</ref> There is evidence that women used counting to keep track of their [[menstrual cycle]]s; 28 to 30 scratches on bone or stone, followed by a distinctive marker.<ref>{{cite web | last = Kellermeier | first = John | year = 2003 | url = http://www.tacomacc.edu/home/jkellerm/Papers/Menses/Menses.htm | title = How Menstruation Created Mathematics | work = Ethnomathematics | publisher = Tacoma Community College | accessdate = 2006-05-06}}</ref> Also [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] [[artifact (archaeology)|artifact]]s discovered in Africa and [[France]], dated between [[35000 BC|35,000]] and [[Upper Paleolithic|20,000]] years old,<ref>[http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/Ancient-Africa/ishango.html An old mathematical object]</ref> suggest early attempts to [[quantification|quantify]] time.<ref>[http://etopia.sintlucas.be/3.14/Ishango_meeting/Mathematics_Africa.pdf Mathematics in (central) Africa before colonization]</ref>
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