Sejarah matematika: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Mesopotamia |
Mesopotamia |
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Baris 28:
Bukti terdini matematika tertulis adalah karya [[Sumeria|bangsa Sumeria]], yang membangun peradaban kuno di Mesopotamia. Mereka mengembangkan sistem rumit [[metrologi]] sejak tahun 3000 SM. Dari kira-kira 2500 SM ke muka, bangsa Sumeria menuliskan [[tabel perkalian]] pada lempengan tanah liat dan berurusan dengan latihan-latihan [[geometri]] dan soal-soal [[pembagian]]. Jejak terdini sistem bilangan Babilonia juga merujuk pada periode ini.<ref>Duncan J. Melville (2003). [http://it.stlawu.edu/~dmelvill/mesomath/3Mill/chronology.html Third Millennium Chronology], ''Third Millennium Mathematics''. [[Universitas St. Lawrence]].</ref>
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▲The majority of recovered clay tablets date from 1800 to 1600 BC, and cover topics which include fractions, algebra, quadratic and cubic equations, and the calculation of [[Regular number|regular]] [[Multiplicative inverse|reciprocal]] [[Twin prime|pairs]].<ref>{{cite book | authorlink = Aaboe | last = Aaboe | first = Asger | title = Episodes from the Early History of Mathematics | year = 1998 | publisher = Random House | location = New York | pages = 30–31}}</ref> The tablets also include multiplication tables and methods for solving [[linear equation|linear]] and [[quadratic equation]]s. The Babylonian tablet YBC 7289 gives an approximation to √2 accurate to five decimal places.
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Babylonian mathematics were written using a [[sexagesimal]] (base-60) [[numeral system]]. From this derives the modern day usage of 60 seconds in a minute, 60 minutes in an hour, and 360 (60 x 6) degrees in a circle, as well as the use of seconds and minutes of arc to denote fractions of a degree. Babylonian advances in mathematics were facilitated by the fact that 60 has many divisors. Also, unlike the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, the Babylonians had a true place-value system, where digits written in the left column represented larger values, much as in the [[decimal]] system. They lacked, however, an equivalent of the decimal point, and so the place value of a symbol often had to be inferred from the context.
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