Kepulauan Ashmore dan Cartier: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Kepulauan Ashmore dan Cartier''' adalah dua kepulauan tropis kecil yang tidak berpenghuni di Samudera Hindia. Terletak di sebelah barat laut Australia dan sebelah selatan [[Pulau Rote]], [[Indonesia]]
== Letak Geografis ==
[[Berkas:Ashmore Reef2.png|thumb|Ashmore Reef in satellite-image (NASA)]]
Wilayah mencakup Ashmore Reef (barat, tengah, dan [[timur Pulau (Kepulauan Ashmore dan Cartier)|Timur]] dari kepulauan) dan [[Kepulauan Cartier]] (70 km sebelah timur). Total area 199.45 km² berbentuk [[karang]] dan termasuk [[laguna]], 114,400 m² berbentuk dataran kering. Memiliki garis pantai sepanjang 74.1 km, yang diukur dari tepi luar terumbu karang. Tidak terdapat pelabuhan, hanya berupa garis pantai. Walaupun dekat dengan gugusan karang Hibernia, 42 km sebelah timur laut Ashmore Reef, tapi bukan merupakan bagian dari kepulauan ini, melainkan termasuk wilayah Australia Barat <ref>http://www.statoids.com/uau.html</ref>. Gugusan karang Hibernia tidak memiliki dataran kering yang permanen, dataran kering tersebut baru akan muncul ketika air laut sedang surut.
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Terdapat sebuah stasiun pemantau cuaca di sebelah barat pulau.
== Pemerintahan ==
Wilayah ini bearada dalam kekuasaan Australia dibawah [[Departemen Hukum dan Pemerintahan]]<ref name="AussieAG">{{cite web | author = First Assistant Secretary, Territories Division | title = Territories of Australia | url = http://www.ag.gov.au/territories | publisher= Attorney-General's Department | date= 2008-01-30 | accessdate = 2008-02-07 | quote = The Federal Government, through the Attorney-General's Department administers Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, the Coral Sea Islands, Jervis Bay, and Norfolk Island as Territories. }}</ref> (Sebelum tanggal 29 Nopember 2007,<ref name="DOTARS">{{cite web | author = Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government | title = Territories of Australia | url = http://www.infrastructure.gov.au/territories/index.aspx | accessdate = 2008-02-07 | quote = As part of the Machinery of Government Changes following the Federal Election on 29 November 2007, administrative responsibility for Territories has been transferred to the Attorney General's Department. }}</ref> berada di bawah [[Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government (Australia)|Departemen Transportasi dan Pelayanan]]).
Ashmore Reef disebut ''Pulau Pasir'' oleh orang Indonesia, dan termasuk kedalam [[Kabupaten Rote Ndao]], propinsi [[Nusa Tenggara Timur]].<ref>[http://wikimapia.org/5889136/Pulau_Pasir_Kabupaten_Rote_Ndao_district_Nusa_tenggara_Timur_province_INDONESIA Ashmore Reef, Ashmore and Cartier Islands (external territory of Australia)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
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Cartier Island Marine Reserve includes the entire sand cay of Cartier Island, the reef surrounding it, the ocean for a {{convert|7.2|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} radius around the island, and {{convert|1000|m|ft|abbr=on}} below the seafloor. It was proclaimed in 2000.
== Economy and migration ==
There is no economic activity in the Territory. As Ashmore Reef is the closest point of Australian territory to Indonesia, it was a popular target for [[people smugglers]] transporting [[asylum seekers]] to Australia.<ref>[http://insideindonesia.org/edit66/anita4.htm Inside Indonesia] Anita Roberts "Don't let them drown" ''Inside Indonesia'' Apr–Jun 2001, vol. 64 </ref> Once they had landed on Ashmore, asylum seekers could claim to have entered Australian territory and request to be processed as refugees. The use of Ashmore for this purpose created great notoriety during late 2001, when refugee arrivals became a major political issue in Australia. As Australia was not the country of first asylum for these "[[boat people]]", the Australian Government did not consider it had a responsibility to accept them.
A number of things were done to discourage the practice such as attempting to have the people smugglers arrested in Indonesia; the so-called [[Pacific Solution]] of processing them in third countries; the boarding and forced turnaround of the boats by Australian military forces, and finally excising Ashmore and many other small islands from the [[Australian migration zone]]. Two boatloads of asylum seekers were each detained for several days in the lagoon at Ashmore after failed attempts by the [[Royal Australian Navy]] to turn them back to Indonesia in October 2001.
== See also ==
* [[Mandatory detention in Australia]]
* [[Siev 36]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
{{commonscat|Ashmore and Cartier Islands}}
* {{CIA World Factbook link|at|Ashmore and Cartier Islands}}
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