Pesawat pencegat: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Reindra (bicara | kontrib)
k Rancangan
Reindra (bicara | kontrib)
k pertahanan titik
Baris 15:
 
Pesawat pencegat [[pertahanan titik]], biasanya berasal dari Eropa, dirancang untuk mempertahankan sasaran khusus. Mereka dirancang untuk dapat lepas landas dan mendaki secepat mungkin, menghancurkan segala ancaman yang datang, dan segera mendarat lagi. Contoh yang cukup ekstrem dari pesawat pencegat pertahanan titik adalah [[Bachem Ba 349]] yang dilengkapi oleh roket.
<!--
At the start of the [[Second World War]], most single engine fighters were "short-legged", with limited internal fuel capacity. These were not designed specifically as interceptors, but the long-range bomber escort role had not been envisaged. This proved to be a critical problem for German single-engined fighters (essentially, only one design at that time, the [[Messerschmitt 109|Bf 109]]), during the [[Battle of Britain]], which could escort bombers across the channel, but only had sufficient fuel for a few minutes of combat if they were also to return to their airfields in France. At this stage, the similar limitation of British single-engined fighters was less of a problem for the defending [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF).
 
Pada permulaan [[Perang Dunia II]], sebagian besar pesawat tempur bermesin tunggal adalah "bertungkai pendek", dengan daya muat bahan bakar terbatas. Mereka tidak secara khusus dirancang sebagai pesawat pencegat, tetapi peran pengawal pesawat pengebom berjelajah-jauh tidaklah terbayangkan. Ini terbukti menjadi masalah yang kritis bagi pesawat tempur bermesin tunggal milik Jerman (pada intinya, hanya satu rancangan pada zaman itu, yakni [[Messerschmitt Bf 109]]), pada [[Pertempuran Britania]], yang mampu mengawal pesawat pengebom melintasi [[Selat Inggris]], tetapi bahan bakarnya hanya cukup untuk beberapa menit pertempuran jika mereka juga kembali ke pangkalan udaranya di [[Perancis]]. Pada tahap ini, keterbatasan yang sama dari pesawat tempur bermesin tunggal asal Inggris kemampuannya yang kurang mumpuni untuk mempertahankan [[Angkatan Udara Britania Raya]].
<!--
When [[RAF Bomber Command]] began its own bombing campaign over Germany, most of its missions were flown at night, unescorted, or escorted by larger, longer-ranged and twin-engined [[night fighter]]s. As the war progressed, however, Bomber Command flew increasing numbers of daylight missions. The [[Supermarine Spitfire|Spitfire]], designed several years before the war, was adapted to other roles – older machines were re-assigned to fighter-bomber squadrons, based nearer the front, while newer marks developed into more highly-focused interceptors. These later, [[Rolls-Royce Griffon|Griffon]]-engined Spitfires were primarily retained in Britain to defend against [[V1 flying bomb|V-1]]s and bombing raids by single, high-speed or high-altitude, German bombers. Newer designs, like the [[Hawker Aircraft|Hawker]] [[Hawker Tempest|Tempest]], and [[P-51 Mustang]]s bought under [[Lend-Lease]], would fill the conventional and long-range fighter gap.