Revisi per 7 Mei 2011 12.03 sunting Sanko (bicara \| kontrib) 4.051 suntingan →‎Makna penting keagamaan ← Revisi sebelumnya		Revisi per 7 Mei 2011 17.19 sunting balikkan Sanko (bicara \| kontrib) 4.051 suntingan →‎Sejarah Revisi selanjutnya →
Baris 35: == Sejarah == [[Image:StJohnInUmmayad.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Makam suci [[Yohanes Pembaptis]] ([[Yahya]]) di dalam masjid]] Lokasi dimana masjid sekarang berdiri sebelumnya adalah kuil tuhan [[Hadad]] di era [[Aramaean]] dari akhir [[Zaman Perunggu]] dan [[Zaman Besi]]. Kehadiran Aramaean terbukti dengan ditemukannya [[basal]] [[ortostat]] berbentuk [[sphinx]] yang digali di sudut timur laut masjid. Lokasi itu kemudian pernah menjadi [[Kuil Yupiter, Damaskus\|Kuil Yupiter]] di zaman Romawi, kemudian sebuah [[gereja]] [[Kristen]] yang diperuntukkan kepada [[Yohanes Pembaptis]] di zaman [[Kekaisaran Romawi Timur]] <!--▼ The spot where the mosque now stands was a temple of the god [[Hadad]] in the [[Aramaean]] era of the [[Late Bronze Age]] and [[Iron Age]]. The Aramaean presence was attested by the discovery of a [[basalt]] [[orthostat]] depicting a [[sphinx]] excavated in the north-east corner of mosque.{{citation needed\|deate=February 2011\|date=February 2011}} The site was later used for a [[Temple of Jupiter, Damascus\|Temple of Jupiter]] in the Roman era, then a [[Christian]] [[church (building)\|church]] dedicated to [[John the Baptist]] in the [[Byzantine Empire\|Byzantine]] era. ===~~Arab~~ ~~Caliphate~~Kekhalifahan Arab ~~era~~=== ▲<!-- [[Damascus]] was [[Siege of Damascus (634)\|captured and besieged]] by [[Rashidun army\|Muslim Arab forces]] led by [[Khalid ibn al-Walid]] in 634. Decades later, the [[Islamic Caliphate]] came under the rule of the [[Umayyad dynasty]] which chose Damascus to be the administrative capital of the [[Muslim world]]. The sixth Umayyad [[caliph]], [[al-Walid I]], then commissioned the construction of a [[mosque]] on the site of the Byzantine cathedral in 706.<ref>Grafman and Rosen-Ayalon, 1999, p.7.</ref> Prior to this, the cathedral was still in use by the local Christians, but a prayer room (''musalla'') for [[Muslim]]s had been constructed on the southeastern part of the building. Al-Walid, who personally supervised the project, had most of the cathedral including the ''musalla'' demolished. The construction of the mosque completely altered the layout of the building. The new house of worship was meant to serve as a large congregational mosque for the citizens of Damascus and as a tribute to the city. Because of Christian protest at the move, al-Walid ordered the all other confiscated churches in the city to be returned to the Christians as compensation. The mosque was completed in 715 by the caliph, [[Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik]], shortly after the death of al-Walid that same year.<ref name="Flood2"/><ref>Rudolff, 2006, p.177.</ref> Baris 117: The Western Minaret (''Madhanat al-Gharbiye'') was built by Mamluk sultan Qaitbay in 1488 and is named after him.<ref name="Darke92"/> The Western Minaret displays strong Egyptian architectural influence typical of the Mamluk period.<ref name="Mannheim91">Mannheim, 2001, p.91.</ref> The minaret is octagonal in shape and is built in receding section with three galleries.<ref name="AAA"/> It is generally believed that both the Minaret of Jesus and the Western Minaret were built on the foundation of [[Ancient Roman]] towers (''temenos''), but some scholars find this to be questionable because of the absence of corner towers in other former Roman temples.<ref name="Mannheim91"/> --> == Makna penting keagamaan == <!--

Masjid Umayyah Damaskus: Perbedaan antara revisi