Deret elektrokimia: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
kTidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Kenrick95 (bicara | kontrib)
seharusnya inilah Deret Elektrokimia yang lengkap (dari enwp)
Baris 1:
{{kembangkan}}
'''Deret Volta''' atau '''Deret Elektrokimia''' merupakan urutan [[logam|logam-logam]] (ditambah [[hidrogen]]) berdasarkan kenaikan potensial elektroda standarnya.
{{cquote|Li K Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H Sb Bi Cu Hg Ag Pt Au}}
 
Umumnya deret volta adalah:
<blockquote>
Li K Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H Sb Bi Cu Hg Ag Pt Au
</blockquote>
Pada Deret Volta, unsur logam dengan potensial elektrode lebih negatif ditempatkan di bagian kiri, sedangkan unsur dengan potensial elektrode yang lebih positif ditempatkan di bagian kanan.
 
Baris 18 ⟶ 21:
 
Larutan garam suatu logam yang berada di bagian kiri dapat bereaksi dengan logam yang berada di bagian kanan. Contohnya larutan FeCl<sub>3</sub> (''feri chloride'') boleh mengikis Cu (''copper'' / [[tembaga]]).
 
Deret lengkap, diukur pada 298,15 K (25 °C):
 
Legenda: (''s'') &ndash; padat; (''l'') &ndash; cair; (''g'') &ndash; gas; (''aq'') &ndash; larutan; (''Hg'') &ndash; [[Amalgam (kimia)|amalgam]].
 
{| cellpadding="10" class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! [[Setengah reaksi]]
! ''E°'' (V)
! class="unsortable"|Ref.
|-style="display:none"
|& ||-9
|-style="display:none"
|Zz||9
|-class="Unicode"
| {{hs|N}}<sup>3</sup>⁄​<sub>2</sub>{{hsp}}[[Nitrogen|N<sub>2</sub>]](''g'') + {{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Hydrogen azide|HN<sub>3</sub>]](''aq'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|3.09}} || <ref name=Gre/>
|-
| [[Lithium|Li]]{{+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Li(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|3.0401}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| N<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 4{{H2O}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}[[Hydroxylamine|NH<sub>2</sub>OH]](''aq'') + 2{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|3.04}} || <ref name=Gre/>
|-
| [[Cesium|Cs]]{{+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Cs(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|3.026}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Rubidium|Rb]]{{+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Rb(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.98}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Potassium|K]]{{+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} K(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.931}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Barium|Ba]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ba(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.912}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Lanthanum|La]](OH)<sub>3</sub>(''s'') + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} La(''s'') + 3{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.90}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Strontium|Sr]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Sr(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.899}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Calcium|Ca]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ca(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.868}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Europium|Eu]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Eu(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.812}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Radium|Ra]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ra(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.8}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Sodium|Na]]{{+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Na(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.71}} || <ref name=Atk/><ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Lanthanum|La]]<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} La(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.379}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Yttrium|Y]]<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Y(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.372}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Magnesium|Mg]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Mg(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.372}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| ZrO(OH)<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + {{H2O}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} Zr(''s'') + 4{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.36}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| Al(OH)<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Al(''s'') + 4{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.33}}
|-
| Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>(''s'') + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Al(''s'') + 3{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.31}}
|-
| [[Hydrogen|H<sub>2</sub>]](''g'') + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}H<sup>&minus;</sup>
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.25}}
|-
| [[Actinium|Ac]]<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ac(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|2.20}}
|-
| [[Beryllium|Be]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Be(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.85}}
|-
| [[Uranium|U]]<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} U(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.66}} || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
| [[Aluminium|Al]]<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Al(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.66}} || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
| [[Titanium|Ti]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ti(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.63}} || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
| [[Zirconium dioxide|ZrO<sub>2</sub>]](''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} Zr(''s'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.553}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Zirconium|Zr<sup>4+</sup>]] + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} Zr(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.45}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| Ti<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ti(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.37}}|| <ref name=si/>
|-
| [[Titanium(II) oxide|TiO]](''s'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ti(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.31}}
|-
| [[Titanium(III) oxide|Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>]](''s'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}TiO(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.23}}
|-
| Zn(OH)<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Zn(''s'') + 4{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.199}}|| <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Manganese|Mn]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Mn(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.185}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Iron|Fe]](CN)<sub>6</sub><sup>4−</sup> + 6{{H+}} + 2 {{e-}} {{eqm}} Fe(''s'') + 4HCN(''aq'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.16}} || <ref name=webelements_fe>[http://www.webelements.com/iron/compounds.html WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements | Iron | compounds information]</ref>
|-
| [[Tellurium|Te]](''s'') + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Te<sup>2−</sup>
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.143}} || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| [[Vanadium|V]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} V(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.13}} || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| [[Niobium|Nb]]<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Nb(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.099}}
|-
| [[Tin|Sn]](''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} SnH<sub>4</sub>(''g'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|1.07}}
|-
| [[Silicon dioxide|SiO]]<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} Si(''s'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.91}}
|-
| [[Boric acid|B(OH)]]<sub>3</sub>(''aq'') + 3{{H+}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} B(''s'') + 3{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.89}}
|-
| Fe(OH)<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Fe(''s'') + 2{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.89}} || <ref name=webelements_fe/>
|-
| Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(''s'') + 3{{H2O}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2Fe(OH)<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 2{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.86}} || <ref name=webelements_fe/>
|-
| TiO<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ti(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.86}}
|-
| {{hs|H}}2{{hsp}}[[water|{{H2O}}]] + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} H<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 2{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.8277}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Bismuth|Bi]](''s'') + 3{{H+}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Bismuthine|BiH<sub>3</sub>]]
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.8}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Zinc|Zn]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Zn(''Hg'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.7628}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Zinc|Zn]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Zn(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.7618}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Tantalum pentoxide|Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>]](''s'') + 10{{H+}} + 10{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}[[Tantalum|Ta]](''s'') + 5{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.75}}
|-
| [[Chromium|Cr]]<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Cr(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.74}}
|-
| {{hs|Au}}[Au(CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>−</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Gold|Au]](''s'') + 2{{hsp}}CN<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.60}}
|-
| Ta<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ta(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.6}}
|-
| PbO(''s'') + {{H2O}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Pb(''s'') + 2{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.58}}
|-
| {{hs|Ti}}2{{hsp}}TiO<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.56}}
|-
| [[Gallium|Ga]]<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ga(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.53}}
|-
| U<sup>4+</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} U<sup>3+</sup>
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.52}} || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
| {{hs|P }}[[Hypophosphorous acid|H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>]](''aq'') + {{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} P(''white'')<ref name=rwP group=note /> + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.508}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| {{hs|P }}H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>(''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>(''aq'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.499}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| {{hs|P }}[[Phosphorous acid|H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>]](''aq'') + 3{{H+}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} P(''red'')<ref name=rwP group=note /> + 3{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.454}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Iron|Fe]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Fe(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.44}} || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
| {{hs|C}}2{{hsp}}[[Carbon dioxide|CO<sub>2</sub>]](''g'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Oxalic acid|HOOCCOOH]](''aq'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.43}}
|-
| Cr<sup>3+</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Cr<sup>2+</sup>
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.42}}
|-
| [[Cadmium|Cd]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Cd(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.40}} || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
| [[Germanium dioxide|GeO<sub>2</sub>]](''s'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} GeO(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.37}}
|-
| [[Copper(I) oxide|Cu<sub>2</sub>O]](''s'') + {{H2O}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}Cu(''s'') + 2{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.360}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Lead(II) sulfate|PbSO<sub>4</sub>]](''s'') + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Lead|Pb]](''s'') + SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.3588}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| PbSO<sub>4</sub>(''s'') + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Pb(''Hg'') + SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.3505}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Europium|Eu<sup>3+</sup>]] + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Eu<sup>2+</sup>
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.35}} || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
| [[Indium|In]]<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} In(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.34}} || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| [[Thallium|Tl]]{{+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Tl(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.34}} || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| [[Germanium|Ge]](''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} GeH<sub>4</sub>(''g'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.29}}
|-
| [[Cobalt|Co]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Co(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.28}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| {{hs|P }}[[Phosphoric acid|H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>]](''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>(''aq'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.276}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| V<sup>3+</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} V<sup>2+</sup>
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.26}} || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
| [[Nickel|Ni]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ni(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.25}}
|-
| [[Arsenic|As]](''s'') + 3{{H+}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Arsine|AsH<sub>3</sub>]](''g'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.23}}|| <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| [[Silver iodide|AgI]](''s'') + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Ag(''s'') + I<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.15224}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Molybdenum dioxide|MoO]]<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} Mo(''s'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.15}}
|-
| [[Silicon|Si]](''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} SiH<sub>4</sub>(''g'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.14}}
|-
| Sn<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Sn(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.13}}
|-
| [[Oxygen|O]]<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + {{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} HO<sub>2</sub>•(''aq'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.13}}
|-
| [[Lead|Pb]]<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Pb(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.13}} || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
| [[Tungsten(IV) oxide|WO<sub>2</sub>]](''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Tungsten|W]](''s'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.12}}
|-
| [[Phosphorus|P]](''red'') + 3{{H+}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Phosphine|PH<sub>3</sub>]](''g'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.111}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
|{{hs|C}} CO<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} HCOOH(''aq'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.11}}
|-
| [[Selenium|Se]](''s'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} H<sub>2</sub>Se(''g'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.11}}
|-
|{{hs|C}} CO<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} CO(''g'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.11}}
|-
| [[Tin(II) oxide|SnO]](''s'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Sn(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.10}}
|-
| [[Tin dioxide|SnO<sub>2</sub>]](''s'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} SnO(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.09}}
|-
| [[Tungsten(VI) oxide|WO<sub>3</sub>]](''aq'') + 6{{H+}} + 6{{e-}} {{eqm}} W(''s'') + 3{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.09}} || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| [[Phosphorus|P]](''white'') + 3{{H+}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Phosphine|PH<sub>3</sub>]](''g'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.063}} || <ref name=van/>
|-
| Fe<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Fe(''s'')
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.04}} || <ref name=webelements_fe/>
|-
|{{hs|C}} [[Formic acid|HCOOH]](''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} HCHO(''aq'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;{{neg|0.03}}
|- style="background-color:#d0d0FF; font-weight: bold"
|{{hs|H}} 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} H<sub>2</sub>(''g'')
|&nbsp; &nbsp;0.0000 || ≡&nbsp;0
|-
| [[Silver bromide|AgBr]](''s'') + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Ag(''s'') + Br<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.07133 || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Tetrathionate|S<sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub><sup>2−</sup>]] + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}[[Thiosulfate|S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>]]
|&nbsp;+0.08
|-
| [[Magnetite|Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>]](''s'') + 8{{H+}} + 8{{e-}} {{eqm}} 3{{hsp}}Fe(''s'') + 4{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.085 || <ref name=Pou/>
|-
| [[Nitrogen|N<sub>2</sub>]](''g'') + 2{{H2O}} + 6{{H+}} + 6{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}[[Ammonium hydroxide|NH<sub>4</sub>OH]](''aq'')
|&nbsp;+0.092
|-
| [[Mercury(II) oxide|HgO]](''s'') + {{H2O}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Hg(''l'') + 2{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;+0.0977
|-
| Cu(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub><sup>2+</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Cu(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>{{+}} + 2{{hsp}}NH<sub>3</sub>
|&nbsp;+0.10 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| [[Ruthenium|Ru(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub><sup>3+</sup>]] + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Ru(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub><sup>2+</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.10 || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
| [[Hydrazine|N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>]](''aq'') + 4{{H2O}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}NH<sub>4</sub>{{+}} + 4{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;+0.11 || <ref name=Gre/>
|-
|{{hs|Mo}} [[Molybdic acid|H<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>4</sub>]](''aq'') + 6{{H+}} + 6{{e-}} {{eqm}} Mo(''s'') + 4{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.11
|-
| Ge<sup>4+</sup> + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ge(''s'')
|&nbsp;+0.12
|-
| [[Carbon|C]](''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Methane|CH<sub>4</sub>]](''g'')
|&nbsp;+0.13 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
|{{hs|C}} [[Formaldehyde|HCHO]](''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Methanol|CH<sub>3</sub>OH]](''aq'')
|&nbsp;+0.13
|-
| [[Sulfur|S]](''s'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} H<sub>2</sub>S(''g'')
|&nbsp;+0.14
|-
| Sn<sup>4+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Sn<sup>2+</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.15
|-
| [[Copper|Cu]]<sup>2+</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Cu{{+}}
|&nbsp;+0.159 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
|{{hs|S}} HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> + 3{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} SO<sub>2</sub>(''aq'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.16
|-
| [[Uranyl|UO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>]] + {{e-}} {{eqm}} UO<sub>2</sub>{{+}}
|&nbsp;+0.163 || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
|{{hs|S}} SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> + 4{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} SO<sub>2</sub>(''aq'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.17
|-
| TiO<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Ti<sup>3+</sup> + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.19
|-
| SbO{{+}} + 2{{H+}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Sb(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.20
|-
| [[Silver chloride|AgCl]](''s'') + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Ag(''s'') + Cl<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.22233 || <ref name=van/>
|-
|{{hs|As}} H<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>3</sub>(''aq'') + 3{{H+}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} As(''s'') + 3{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.24
|-
| GeO(''s'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ge(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.26
|-
| UO<sub>2</sub>{{+}} + 4{{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} U<sup>4+</sup> + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.273 || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
| [[Rhenium|Re]]<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Re(''s'')
|&nbsp;+0.300
|-
| Bi<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Bi(''s'')
|&nbsp;+0.308 || <ref name=van/>
|-
| VO<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} V<sup>3+</sup> + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.34
|-
| Cu<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Cu(''s'')
|&nbsp;+0.340 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
|{{hs|Fe}} [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.36
|-
| O<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 2{{H2O}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} 4{{OH-}}(''aq'')
|&nbsp;+0.40 || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
|{{hs|Mo}} H<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>4</sub> + 6{{H+}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Mo<sup>3+</sup> + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.43
|-
|{{hs|C}} CH<sub>3</sub>OH(''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} CH<sub>4</sub>(''g'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.50
|-
|{{hs|S}} SO<sub>2</sub>(''aq'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} S(''s'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.50
|-
| Cu{{+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Cu(''s'')
|&nbsp;+0.520 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
|{{hs|C}} [[Carbon monoxide|CO]](''g'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} C(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.52
|-
| I<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 3{{hsp}}I<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.53 || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
| [[Iodine|I]]<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}I<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.54 || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
|{{hs|Au}} [AuI<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Au(''s'') + 4{{hsp}}I<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.56
|-
|{{hs|As}} H<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>4</sub>(''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} H<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>3</sub>(''aq'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.56
|-
|{{hs|Au}} [AuI<sub>2</sub>]<sup>−</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Au(''s'') + 2{{hsp}}I<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.58
|-
| MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> + 2{{H2O}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} MnO<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 4{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;+0.59
|-
| S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup>2{{hsp}}−</sup> + 6{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}S(''s'') + 3{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.60
|-
| [[Ferrocene|Fc]]{{+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Fc(''s'')
|&nbsp;+0.641 || <ref>{{cite journal|last=Connelly|first=Neil G.|coauthors=Geiger, William E.|title=Chemical Redox Agents for Organometallic Chemistry|journal=Chemical Reviews|date=1 January 1996|year=1996|volume=96|issue=2|pages=877–910|doi=10.1021/cr940053x}}</ref>
|-
|{{hs|Mo}} H<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>4</sub>(''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} MoO<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.65
|-
|{{hs|C}} [[File:1,4-Benzochinon.svg|70px|link=p-Benzoquinone]] + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[File:Hydrochinon2.svg|70px|link=Hydroquinone]]
|&nbsp;+0.6992 || <ref name=van/>
|-
| O<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} {{H2O}}<sub>2</sub>(''aq'')
|&nbsp;+0.70
|-
| Tl<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Tl(''s'')
|&nbsp;+0.72
|-
| PtCl<sub>6</sub><sup>2−</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} PtCl<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> + 2{{hsp}}Cl<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.726 || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
|{{hs|Se}} H<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub>(''aq'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} Se(''s'') + 3{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.74
|-
| PtCl<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Pt(''s'') + 4{{hsp}}Cl<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.758 || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
| Fe<sup>3+</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Fe<sup>2+</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.77
|-
| [[Silver|Ag]]{{+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Ag(''s'')
|&nbsp;+0.7996 || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Mercury (element)|Hg]]<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}Hg(''l'')
|&nbsp;+0.80
|-
|{{hs|N}} [[Nitrate|NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>]](''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Nitrogen dioxide|NO<sub>2</sub>]](''g'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.80
|-
| [[Ferrate|FeO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>]] + 5{{H2O}} + 6{{e-}} {{eqm}} Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(''s'') + 10 {{OH-}}
|&nbsp;+0.81 ||<ref name=webelements_fe/>
|-
|{{hs|Au}} [AuBr<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Au(''s'') + 4{{hsp}}Br<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.85
|-
| Hg<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Hg(''l'')
|&nbsp;+0.85
|-
| MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> + {{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} HMnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.90
|-
|{{hs|Hg}}2{{hsp}}Hg<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Hg<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.91 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| [[Palladium|Pd<sup>2+</sup>]] + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Pd(''s'')
|&nbsp;+0.915 || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
|{{hs|Au}} [AuCl<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Au(''s'') + 4{{hsp}}Cl<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.93
|-
|MnO<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 4{{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Mn<sup>3+</sup> + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+0.95
|-
|{{hs|Au}}[AuBr<sub>2</sub>]<sup>−</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Au(''s'') + 2{{hsp}}Br<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+0.96
|-
|{{hs|Xe}}[HXeO<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−</sup> + 2{{H2O}} + 2{{e-}} + {{eqm}} [HXeO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup> + 4{{hsp}}{{OH-}}
| &nbsp;+0.99 || <ref name=webelements_xe>[http://www.webelements.com/xenon/compounds.html WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements | Xenon | compounds information]</ref>
|-
|{{hs|Te}}[[Telluric acid|H<sub>6</sub>TeO<sub>6</sub>]](''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} TeO<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 4{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.02||<ref name = "Cotton">{{Cotton&Wilkinson6th}}</ref>
|-
| Br<sub>2</sub>(''l'') + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}Br<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+1.066 || <ref name=van/>
|-
| Br<sub>2</sub>(''aq'') + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}Br<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+1.0873 || <ref name=van/>
|-
|{{hs|I}} IO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + 5{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} HIO(''aq'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.13
|-
|{{hs|Au}} [AuCl<sub>2</sub>]<sup>−</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Au(''s'') + 2{{hsp}}Cl<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+1.15
|-
|{{hs|Se}} HSeO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> + 3{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} H<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub>(''aq'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.15
|-
| Ag<sub>2</sub>O(''s'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}Ag(''s'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.17
|-
| ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + 2{{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} ClO<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.18
|-
| {{hs|Xe}}[HXeO<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−</sup> + 5{{H2O}} + 8 {{e-}} {{eqm}} Xe(''g'') + 11{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;+1.18 || <ref name=webelements_xe/>
|-
| [[Platinum|Pt<sup>2+</sup>]] + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Pt(''s'')
|&nbsp;+1.188 || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
| ClO<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + {{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} HClO<sub>2</sub>(''aq'')
|&nbsp;+1.19
|-
|{{hs|I}} 2{{hsp}}IO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + 12{{H+}} + 10{{e-}} {{eqm}} I<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 6{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.20
|-
| ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.20
|-
| O<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 4{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.229 || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
| MnO<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Mn<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.23
|-
|{{hs|Xe}}[HXeO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup> + 3{{H2O}} + 6 {{e-}} {{eqm}} Xe(''g'') + 7{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;+1.24 || <ref name=webelements_xe/>
|-
| Tl<sup>3+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Tl{{+}}
|&nbsp;+1.25
|-
| Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub><sup>2−</sup> + 14{{H+}} + 6{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}Cr<sup>3+</sup> + 7{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.33
|-
| Cl<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}Cl<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+1.36 || <ref name=Atk/>
|-
| CoO<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 4{{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Co<sup>3+</sup> + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.42
|-
|{{hs|N}} 2{{hsp}}[[Hydroxylamine|NH<sub>3</sub>O{{H+}}]] + {{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[Hydrazine|N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>{{+}}]] + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.42 || <ref name=Gre/>
|-
|{{hs|I}} 2{{hsp}}HIO(''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} I<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.44
|-
| Ce<sup>4+</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Ce<sup>3+</sup>
|&nbsp;+1.44
|-
| BrO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + 5{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} HBrO(''aq'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.45
|-
|{{hs|PbO}} [[Lead dioxide|β-PbO<sub>2</sub>]](''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Pb<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.460 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
|{{hs|PbO}} α-PbO<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Pb<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.468 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
|{{hs|Br}} 2{{hsp}}BrO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + 12{{H+}} + 10{{e-}} {{eqm}} Br<sub>2</sub>(''l'') + 6{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.48
|-
|{{hs|Cl}} 2ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + 12{{H+}} + 10{{e-}} {{eqm}} Cl<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 6{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.49
|-
| MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> + 8{{H+}} + 5{{e-}} {{eqm}} Mn<sup>2+</sup> + 4{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.51
|-
|{{hs|O}} HO<sub>2</sub><sup>•</sup> + {{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} {{H2O}}<sub>2</sub>(''aq'')
|&nbsp;+1.51
|-
| Au<sup>3+</sup> + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} Au(''s'')
|&nbsp;+1.52
|-
| NiO<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 4{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Ni<sup>2+</sup> + 2{{OH-}}
|&nbsp;+1.59
|-
|{{hs|Cl}} 2{{hsp}}HClO(''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Cl<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.63
|-
| Ag<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(''s'') + 6{{H+}} + 4{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}Ag{{+}} + 3{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.67
|-
|{{hs|Cl}} HClO<sub>2</sub>(''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} HClO(''aq'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.67
|-
| Pb<sup>4+</sup> + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Pb<sup>2+</sup>
|&nbsp;+1.69 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| [[permanganate|MnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>]] + 4{{H+}} + 3{{e-}} {{eqm}} [[manganese(IV) oxide|MnO<sub>2</sub>]](''s'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.70
|-
| AgO(''s'') + 2{{H+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Ag{{+}} + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.77
|-
|{{hs|O}} {{H2O}}<sub>2</sub>(''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.78
|-
| Co<sup>3+</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Co<sup>2+</sup>
|&nbsp;+1.82
|-
| Au{{+}} + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Au(''s'')
|&nbsp;+1.83 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| BrO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} BrO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+1.85
|-
| Ag<sup>2+</sup> + {{e-}} {{eqm}} Ag{{+}}
|&nbsp;+1.98 || <ref name=Bar/>
|-
| [[Peroxodisulfate|S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub><sup>2&minus;</sup>]] + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}[[sulfate|SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>]]
|&nbsp;+2.010 || <ref name=van/>
|-
| [[Ozone|O<sub>3</sub>]](''g'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} O<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+2.075 || <ref name=Bar2/>
|-
|{{hs|Mn}} HMnO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> + 3{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} MnO<sub>2</sub>(''s'') + 2{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+2.09
|-
| XeO<sub>3</sub>(''aq'') + 6{{H+}} + 6 {{e-}} {{eqm}} Xe(''g'') + 3{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+2.12 || <ref name=webelements_xe/>
|-
|{{hs|Xe}}H<sub>4</sub>XeO<sub>6</sub>(''aq'') + 8{{H+}} + 8 {{e-}} {{eqm}} Xe(''g'') + 6 {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+2.18 || <ref name=webelements_xe/>
|-
| FeO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> + 3{{e-}} + 8{{H+}} {{eqm}} Fe<sup>3+</sup> + 4{{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+2.20 || <ref name=wou>[http://www.wou.edu/las/physci/ch412/redox.htm Redox Reactions, Western Oregon University website]</ref>
|-
| XeF<sub>2</sub>(''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} Xe(''g'') + 2HF(''aq'')
|&nbsp;+2.32 || <ref name=webelements_xe/>
|-
|{{hs|Xe}}H<sub>4</sub>XeO<sub>6</sub>(''aq'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} XeO<sub>3</sub>(''aq'') + {{H2O}}
|&nbsp;+2.42 || <ref name=webelements_xe/>
|-
| [[Fluorine|F]]<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}F<sup>−</sup>
|&nbsp;+2.87 || <ref name=Bar/><ref name=Atk/>
|-
| F<sub>2</sub>(''g'') + 2{{H+}} + 2{{e-}} {{eqm}} 2{{hsp}}HF(''aq'')
|&nbsp;+3.05 || <ref name=Bar/>
|}
 
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
 
{{kimia-stub}}
 
[[Kategori:Kimia]]
 
[[de:Elektrochemische Spannungsreihe]]
[[en:Standard electrode potential (data page)]]
[[es:Tabla de potenciales de reducción]]
[[fr:Liste de potentiels standards]]
[[hi:मानक एलेक्ट्रोड विभव]]
[[it:Potenziale standard di riduzione]]
[[ja:標準電位]]
[[nl:Tabel van standaardelektrodepotentialen]]
[[pl:Potencjał standardowy]]
[[vi:Bảng giá trị thế điện cực chuẩn]]
[[zh:标准电极电势表]]