Samyojana: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 13:
{{TahapanBelengguKelahiran|notes=1}}
Belenggu diberi nomor dengan cara yang berbeda antara [[Sutta Pitaka]] dan [[Abhidhamma Pitaka]] [[Kanon Pali]]
===Daftar sepuluh belenggu menurut Sutta Pitaka ===
Sutta Pitaka dalam Kanon Pali menjelaskan sepuluh "belenggu-belenggu untuk menjadi":<ref>Belenggu-belenggu ini diberi nomor, sebagai contoh, dalam [[Samyutta Nikaya|SN]] 45.179 dan 45.180 (Bodhi, 2000, hal. 1565-66). Artikel berbahasa Pali dan terjemahan bahasa Inggris untuk sepuluh belenggu ini didasari oleh [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.3:1:2509.pali Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), p. 656, "Saŋyojana" entry] (retrieved 2008-04-09).</ref>
#percaya pada diri (<small>Pali</small>:''{{IAST|sakkāya-diṭṭhi}}'')<ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.3:1:2684.pali Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), pp. 660-1, "Sakkāya" entry] (retrieved 2008-04-09), menjelaskan ''{{IAST|sakkāya-diṭṭhi}}'' sebagai "teori akan jiwa, bidaah individualitas, spekulasi akan keabadian atau hal lain mengenai individualitas seseorang." Bodhi (2000), p. 1565, [[Samyutta Nikaya|SN]] 45.179, menerjemahkannya sebagai "pandangan identitas"; Gethin (1998), p. 73, menggunakan "pandangan akan kepribadian"; Harvey (2007), p. 71, menggunakan "pandangan-pandangan dalam kelompok yang ada"; [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an10/an10.013.than.html Thanissaro (2000)] menggunakan "pandangan-pandangan identifikasi-diri"; dan, Walshe (1995), p. 26, menggunakan "kepercayaan-pribadi."</ref>
#keraguan atau ketidakpastian, terutama mengenai [[dhamma|ajaran]] (''vicikicchā'')<ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.3:1:1406.pali Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), p. 615, "Vicikicchā" entry] (retrieved 2008-04-09), menjelaskan ''vicikicchā'' sebagai "keraguan, kebingungan, ketidakpastian." Bodhi (2000), p. 1565, SN 45.179, Gethin (1998), p. 73, and Walshe (1995), p. 26, menerjemahkannya sebagai "keraguan."[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an10/an10.013.than.html Thanissaro (2000)] menggunakan "ketidakpastian." Harvey provides, "kebimbangan akan tanggung-jawab kepada tiga perlindungan dan nilai kehidupan" (cf. M i.380 and S ii.69-70).</ref>
#Kemelekatan pada ritual dan kebiasaan (''sīlabbata-parāmāso'')<ref>Sebagai contoh, lihat : [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.4:1:236.pali Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), p. 713, "Sīla" entry] (retrieved 2008-04-09), mengenai konsep serupa akan ''sīlabbatupādāna'' (= ''sīlabbata-[[upādāna]]''), "berupaya setelah bekerja dan ritual." Bodhi (2000), p. 1565, SN 45.179, translates this term as "the distorted grasp of rules and vows"; Gethin (1998), p. 73, uses "clinging to precepts and vows"; Harvey (2007), p. 71, uses "grasping at precepts and vows"; [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an10/an10.013.than.html Thanissaro (2000)] uses "grasping at precepts & practices"; and, Walshe (1995), p. 26, uses "attachment to rites and rituals."</ref>
#sensual desire (''kāmacchando'')<ref>For a broad discussion of this term, see, e.g., [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.1:1:467.pali Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), pp. 203-4, "Kāma" entry], and [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.1:1:1594.pali p. 274, "Chanda" entry] (retrieved 2008-04-09). Bodhi (2000), p. 1565 (SN 45.179), Gethin (1998), p. 73, Harvey (2007), p. 71, [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an10/an10.013.than.html Thanissaro (2000)] and Walshe (1995), p. 26, translate ''kāmacchando'' as "sensual desire."</ref>
#ill will (''vyāpādo'' or ''byāpādo'')<ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.3:1:2462.pali Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), p. 654, "Vyāpāda" entry] (retrieved 2008-04-09), defines ''vyāpādo'' as "making bad, doing harm: desire to injure, malevolence, ill-will." Bodhi (2000), p. 1565, SN 45.179, Harvey (2007), p. 71, [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an10/an10.013.than.html Thanissaro (2000)] and Walshe (1995), p. 26, translate it as "ill will." Gethin (1998), p. 73, uses "aversion."</ref>
#lust for material existence, lust for material rebirth (''rūparāgo'')<ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.3:1:565.pali Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), pp. 574-5, "Rūpa" entry] (retrieved 2008-04-09), defines ''rūparāgo'' as "lust after rebirth in rūpa." Bodhi (2000), p. 1565, SN 45.180, translates it as "lust for form." Gethin (1998), p. 73, uses "desire for form." [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an10/an10.013.than.html Thanissaro (2000)] uses "passion for form." Walshe (1995), p. 27, uses "craving for existence in the Form World."</ref>
#lust for immaterial existence, lust for rebirth in a formless realm (''arūparāgo'')<ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.3:1:565.pali Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), pp. 574-5, "Rūpa" entry] (retrieved 2008-04-09), suggests that ''arūparāgo'' may be defined as "lust after rebirth in arūpa." Bodhi (2000), p. 1565, SN 45.180, translates it as "lust for the formless." Gethin (1998), p. 73, uses "desire for the formless." Harvey (2007), p. 72, uses "attachment to the pure form or formless worlds." [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an10/an10.013.than.html Thanissaro (2000)] uses "passion for what is formless." Walshe (1995), p. 27, uses "craving for existence in the Formless World."</ref>
#conceit (''māno'')<ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.2:1:3957.pali Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), p. 528, "Māna" entry] (retrieved 2008-04-09), defines ''māna'' as "pride, conceit, arrogance." Bodhi (2000), p. 1565, SN 45.180, [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an10/an10.013.than.html Thanissaro (2000)] and Walshe (1995), p. 27, translate it as "conceit." Gethin (1998), p. 73, uses "pride." Harvey (2007), p. 72, uses "the 'I am' conceit."</ref><ref>For a distinction between the first fetter, "personal identity view," and this eighth fetter, "conceit," see, e.g., [[Samyutta Nikaya|SN]] 22.89 [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn22/sn22.089.than.html (trans., Thanissaro, 2001).]</ref>
#restlessness (''uddhaccaŋ'')<ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:3582.pali Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), p. 136, "Uddhacca" entry] (retrieved 2008-04-09), defines ''uddhacca'' as "over-balancing, agitation, excitement, distraction, flurry." Bodhi (2000), p. 1565 (SN 45.180), Harvey (2007), p. 72, [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an10/an10.013.than.html Thanissaro (2000)] and Walshe (1995), p. 27, translate it as "restlessness." Gethin (1998), p. 73, uses "agitation."</ref>
#ignorance (''[[Avidya|avijjā]]'')<ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:2303.pali Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-25), p. 85, "Avijjā" entry] (retrieved 2008-04-09), define ''avijjā'' as "ignorance; the main root of evil and of continual rebirth." Bodhi (2000), p. 1565 (SN 45.180), Gethin (1998), p. 73, [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an10/an10.013.than.html Thanissaro (2000)] and Walshe (1995), p. 27, translate it as "ignorance." Harvey (2007), p. 72, uses "spiritual ignorance."</ref>
As indicated in the table to the right, throughout the Sutta Pitaka, the first five fetters are referred to as "lower fetters" (''orambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni'') and are eradicated upon becoming a [[non-returner]]; and, the last five fetters are referred to as "higher fetters" (''uddhambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni''), eradicated by an [[arahant]].<ref>For single-sutta references to both "higher fetters" and "lower fetters," see, [[Digha Nikaya|DN]] 33 (section of fives) and [[Anguttara Nikaya|AN]] 10.13. In other instances, a sutta regarding the lower fetters is followed by a sutta regarding the higher fetters, as in: [[Samyutta Nikaya|SN]] 45.179 and 45.180; SN 46.129 and 46.130; SN 46.183 and 46.184; SN 47.103 and 47.104; SN 48.123 and 48.124; SN 49.53 and 49.54; SN 50.53 and 50.54; SN 51.85 and 51.86; SN 53.53 and 53.54; and, AN 9.67 and 9.70. In addition, the five lower fetters alone (without reference to the higher fetters) are discussed, e.g., in [[Majjhima Nikaya|MN]] 64.</ref>
== Referensi ==
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