Mariano Rajoy: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix = <small>[[The Most Excellent]]</small><br/>
|name = Mariano Rajoy
|image = Mariano Rajoy (diciembre de 2011).jpg
|office = [[Perdana Menteri Spanyol]]
|monarch = [[Juan Carlos I dari Spanyol|Juan Carlos I]]
|deputy = [[Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría]]
|term_start = 21 Desember 2011
|term_end = Sekarang
|predecessor = [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]]
|successor = Sedang Menjabat
|office1 = [[Pemimpin Oposisi (Spanyol)|Pemimpin Oposisi]]
|primeminister1 = [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]]
|term_start1 = 17 April 2004
|term_end1 = 21 Desember 2011
|predecessor1 = [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]]
|successor1 = [[Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba]]
|office2 = Menteri Kepresidenan
|primeminister2 = [[José María Aznar]]
|term_start2 = 9 Juli 2002
|term_end2 = 3 September 2003
|predecessor2 = [[Juan José Lucas]]
|successor2 = [[Javier Arenas (politikus Spanyol)|Javier Arenas]]
|primeminister3 = [[José María Aznar]]
|term_start3 = 27 April 2000
|term_end3 = 27 Februari 2001
|predecessor3 = [[Francisco Álvarez Cascos]]
|successor3 = [[Juan José Lucas]]
|office4 = [[Menteri Dalam Negeri (Spanyol)|Menteri Dalam Negeri]]
|primeminister4 = [[José María Aznar]]
|term_start4 = 27 Februari 2001
|term_end4 = 9 Juli 2002
|predecessor4 = [[Jaime Mayor Oreja]]
|successor4 = [[Ángel Acebes]]
|office5 = [[Wakil Presiden Pertama Pemerintah (Spanyol)|Deputi Pertama Perdana Menteri Spanyol]]
|primeminister5 = [[José María Aznar]]
|term_start5 = 27 April 2000
|term_end5 = 3 September 2003
|predecessor5 = [[Francisco Álvarez Cascos]]
|successor5 = [[Rodrigo Rato]]
|office6 = [[Menteri Pendidikan (Spanyol)|Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan]]
|primeminister6 = [[José María Aznar]]
|term_start6 = 20 Januari 1999
|term_end6 = 27 April 2000
|predecessor6 = [[Esperanza Aguirre]]
|successor6 = [[Pilar del Castillo]] <small>(Pendidikan, Kebudayaan dan Olahraga)</small>
|office7 = Menteri Administrasi Publik
|primeminister7 = [[José María Aznar]]
|term_start7 = 4 Mei 1996
|term_end7 = 20 Januari 1999
|predecessor7 = [[Joan Lerma]]
|successor7 = [[Ángel Acebes]]
|office8 = Anggota [[Deputi Kongres (Spanyol)|Deputi Kongres]]
|term_start8 = 14 Maret 2004
|term_end8 = Sekarang
|constituency8 = [[Madrid (Pemilihan Kongres Distrik Spanyol)|Madrid]]
|term_start9 = 22 Juni 1986
|term_end9 = 14 Maret 2004
|constituency9 = [[Pontevedra (Pemilihan Kongres Distrik Spanyol)|Pontevedra]]
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1955|3|27|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Santiago de Compostela]], [[Francoist Spanyol|Spanyol]]
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party = [[Partai Rakyat (Spanyol)|Partai Rakyat]] <small>(1989–Sekarang)</small>
|otherparty = [[People's Alliance (Spain)|People's Alliance]] <small>(Before 1989)</small>
|spouse = Elvira Fernández Balboa <small>(1996–present)</small>
|children = Mariano<br>Juan
|residence = [[Palace of Moncloa]]
|alma_mater = [[University of Santiago de Compostela]]
|signature = Firma de Mariano Rajoy.svg
|website = [http://www.pp.es/index.asp?p=4842&c=c4616f5a24a66668f11ca4fa80525dc4 Party website]
}}
'''Mariano Rajoy Brey''' ({{IPA-es|maˈɾjano raˈxoi}}; born 27 March 1955) is a Spanish [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] politician and is the [[Prime Minister of Spain]] since 21 December 2011.
Under [[Prime Minister of Spain|Prime Minister]] [[José María Aznar]], Rajoy was Minister of Public Administration from 1996 to 1999 and Minister of Education from 1999 to 2000; he then served as Deputy Prime Minister from 2000 to 2003. Rajoy led the People's Party into the [[Spanish general election, 2004|March 2004 general election]], but that election was won by the opposition [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]] (PSOE) in the aftermath of the [[2004 Madrid train bombings]]. Subsequently Rajoy was [[Leader of the Opposition (Spain)|Leader of the Opposition]] from 2004 to 2011.
==Early life and education==
{{BLP unsourced section|date=November 2011}}
Born in [[Santiago de Compostela]], [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]], Rajoy graduated from the [[University of Santiago de Compostela]]. At the age of 24, he passed the competitive examination required in Spain to enter into the civil service, becoming the youngest ever property [[Recorder of deeds|registrar]].
==Legislative career==
===Early political career===
{{BLP unsourced section|date=December 2011}}
Rajoy started his political career in 1981, as a member of the right-wing party [[People's Alliance]] (AP), becoming a deputy in the inaugural legislature of the [[Galician Parliament]]. In 1982, he was appointed by [[President of the Xunta de Galicia|Galician regional President]], Antonio Rosón Pérez, as Minister of Institutional Relations of the [[Xunta de Galicia]]. On June 11, 1986, Rajoy was elected President of the Provincial Council of [[Pontevedra]], a position he held until July 1991.
In the [[Spanish general election, 1986|General Elections]] of 22 June 1986, he obtained a seat in the Congress of Deputies as the head of the AP's list for [[Pontevedra (Spanish Congress Electoral District)|Pontevedra]], although he resigned in November to take up the post of vice-president of the Xunta of Galicia following the resignation of Xosé Luis Barreiro and the rest of the ministers. He occupied this latter position until the end of September 1987.
When in 1989 the AP merged with other parties to form the [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] (PP), with [[Manuel Fraga]] as its president, Rajoy was named a member of its National Executive Committee and delegate for Pontevedra. He was reelected to parliament in 1993. Before the PP's triumph in the 1996 elections, he was a PP-designated member of the "Commission of Parliamentary Control of the [[RTVE]]".
===Minister of the Interior: 1996–2004===
A long-time associate of [[José María Aznar]], Rajoy made the move into national politics when Aznar became Prime Minister in 1996 with the support of [[Basque Nationalist Party]] (PNV), [[Convergence and Union]] (CiU) and the [[Canarian Coalition]], serving as Minister of Public administration and Minister of Education and Culture in the first Aznar administration.
In 1996 he married a fellow Galician, Elvira Fernandez Balboa.
He managed the successful People's Party campaign in the [[Spanish legislative election, 2000|2000 elections]]. A grateful Aznar appointed him Deputy Prime Minister of the Spanish Government. In February 2001 he was named Minister of the Interior, after [[Jaime Mayor Oreja]] decided to run as head of the People's Party list in the [[Basque parliamentary election, 2001|2001 Basque Elections]].
On 30 August 2003 Aznar announced that he would retire from politics in the 2004 elections and proposed Rajoy as his successor. After the 14th Congress of the People's Party in October 2004 he became the new Chairman of the party, by then in the opposition, having lost the elections to the PSOE.
===Leader of the Opposition: 2004–2011===
Three days before the [[Spanish legislative election, 2004|2004 general elections]] [[11 March 2004 Madrid attacks|terrorist attacks]] occurred in [[Madrid]] on 11 March, which were initially blamed on [[ETA]] and later on [[Al-Qaeda]]. Aznar's government and Party leaders insisted on accusing the armed Basque separatist organisation ETA of the attacks, and on 13 March, Rajoy claimed to believe this because he was convinced of their will and capability for committing such crimes,.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elmundo.es/papel/2004/03/13/espana/1606169.html |title=«Ahora sería bueno que hubiera un gobierno con mayoría absoluta»|publisher=El Mundo|date= |accessdate=2011-11-21}}</ref> The government was accused of attempting to blame ETA for the attacks in order to stay on track to win the elections (as they were heavily favored to do), but then news broke that it was Al-Qaida, rather than ETA.
On 14 March 2004 the PSOE, under the leadership of [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]], won the elections with a majority of 1,300,000 votes over the PP, and obtained 164 deputies, while the PP obtained 9,763,144 votes but 148 deputies, 35 less than they obtained in 2000.<ref>http://www.electionresources.org/es/congress.php?election=2004&province=</ref> Rajoy was elected for the province of [[Madrid (Spanish Congress Electoral District)|Madrid]].
On 1 December 2005, Rajoy survived a helicopter accident, along with Madrid Regional Government President [[Esperanza Aguirre]]; he broke a finger in the accident.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/12/01/madrid.crash/ CNN.com – Opposition leader survives Madrid helicopter crash – 1 Dec 2005]{{dead link|date=November 2011}}</ref>
Rajoy faced a serious situation within his party after receiving public pressure from the electorally successful [[Alberto Ruiz Gallardón]] (Madrid's Mayor) to be included in the PP lists for the [[Spanish general election, 2008|March 2008 general election]]. Gallardón represents a more centrist sector within the party, whereas Rajoy, [[Angel Acebes]] and [[Eduardo Zaplana]] are widely accepted{{Vague|date=March 2008}} as representing a more conservative wing of the party, closer to Aznar{{Citation needed|date=January 2008}}. Rajoy's final decision was to leave Gallardón out of the list for those elections, an action which provoked concern about the alienation of potential PP voters. Some experts and newspapers even argued that it could cost Rajoy the elections{{Citation needed|date=January 2008}}. In any case, the power struggle for succession created a tense situation for him and for the party.<ref>[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a00a6290-c451-11dc-a474-0000779fd2ac.html?nclick_check=1 FT.com / World – Madrid mayor barred by own party<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
On 30 January 2008, Rajoy received the support of Germany's [[Angela Merkel]] and France's [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] for the March 2008 general election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elimparcial.es/contenido/2087.html |title=Sarkozy y Merkel desean de "todo corazón" el triunfo de Mariano Rajoy |publisher=Elimparcial.es |date=2008-01-30 |accessdate=2011-11-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elpais.com/videos/espana/Sarkozy/Merkel/le/desean/gran/exito/Rajoy/elpvidnac/20080130elpepunac_12/Ves/ |title=Video: Sarkozy y Merkel le desean "un gran éxito" a Rajoy |publisher=Elpais.com |date=2008-01-30 |accessdate=2011-11-21}}</ref> The PP was defeated in the general election, however, and Rajoy continued to lead his party in opposition.
His criticisms of the Zapatero administration were focused on what he perceived as:
*The derogation of ambitious plans of the previous executive
**The ''Plan Hidrológico Nacional'' National Hydrological Plan
** The ''LOCE'' Organic Law on the Quality of Education
* The alleged "unnecessary" statutory reforms, such as submitted in the [[Catalonia|Catalan]], and [[Andalusia]]n referendums with very high levels of abstention. According to Rajoy, some of those reforms constitute concealed changes of the autonomous communities towards a confederation, endangering the integrity of the State. He has said that if Zapatero wants to apply his view of Spain, it would be better if he proposed a reform of the [[Spanish Constitution]], a reform that would need approval in a national referendum.
*The alleged weakness facing the peace process opened as a result of the permanent ceasefire declared by the organisation ETA in 2006, broken by the [[2006 Madrid Barajas International Airport bombing|Barajas bombing]] and the arms robbery.{{Specify|date=February 2009}}
*The introduction of a citizenship subject in the last years of secondary education (''Educación para la Ciudadanía'') of polemic content (whose opponents, mainly the Catholic Church, and affiliated organisations, say is non-neutral and gives some left-wing political indoctrination). Rajoy has announced its cancellation if he wins the next elections.
*The legalization of abortion until 14 weeks of pregnancy, a law that Mariano Rajoy sees as "criminal" and against the will of large sectors of the Spanish society.
*In [[Foreign policy]]
**The alleged cold relations with United States and Poland.
**The supposed alliances with the [[Venezuela]] of [[Hugo Chávez]], the [[Cuba]] of [[Fidel Castro|Castro]] and the [[Bolivia]] of [[Evo Morales]].
**Immigration policy.
==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel top|width=100%}}
{{ahnentafel-compact5
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|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= Mariano Rajoy Brey
|2= Mariano Rajoy Sobredo
|3= Olga Brey
|4= Enrique Rajoy Leloup
|5= Mercedes Sobredo Brandariz
|6=
|7=
|8= Mariano Rajoy do Barro
|9= Rosa Leloup González
|10=
|11=
}}
{{ahnentafel bottom}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.rajoy.es/ Personal page]
*[http://www.cidob.org/es/documentacion/biografias_lideres_politicos/europa/espana/mariano_rajoy_brey Extensive biography by CIDOB] (in Spanish)
{| class="navbox collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="background:#ccf;"|Titles and Succession
|-
|
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Joan Lerma]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Minister of Public Administration|years=1996–1999}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ángel Acebes]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Esperanza Aguirre]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Education (Spain)|Minister of Education and Culture]]|years=1999–2000}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Pilar del Castillo]]<br>{{nowrap|<small>''as Minister of Education, Culture and Sport''</small>}}}}
|-
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Francisco Álvarez Cascos]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[First Vice President of the Government (Spain)|First Deputy Prime Minister of Spain]]|years=2000–2003}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Rodrigo Rato]]}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=Minister of the Presidency|years=2000–2001}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Juan José Lucas]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Jaime Mayor Oreja]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of the Interior (Spain)|Minister of the Interior]]|years=2001–2002}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ángel Acebes]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Juan José Lucas]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Minister of the Presidency|years=2002–2003}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Javier Arenas (Spanish politician)|Javier Arenas]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Leader of the Opposition (Spain)|Leader of the Opposition]]|years=2004–2011}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba]]}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Spain]]|years=2011–present}}
{{s-inc}}
|-
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[José María Aznar]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Leader of the [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]]|years=2004–present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}
|}
{{Template:People's Party (Spain)}}
{{SpanishPrimeMinisters}}
{{European Council}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
| NAME = Rajoy, Mariano
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Rajoy Brey, Mariano; Rajoy y Brey , Mariano
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Spanish politician
| DATE OF BIRTH = 27 March 1955
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajoy, Mariano}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Current national leaders]]
[[Category:Galician politicians]]
[[Category:Government ministers of Spain]]
[[Category:Leaders of political parties in Spain]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the third Congress of Deputies (Spain)]]
[[Category:Members of the fourth Congress of Deputies (Spain)]]
[[Category:Members of the fifth Congress of Deputies (Spain)]]
[[Category:Members of the sixth Congress of Deputies (Spain)]]
[[Category:Members of the seventh Congress of Deputies (Spain)]]
[[Category:Members of the eighth Congress of Deputies (Spain)]]
[[Category:Members of the ninth Congress of Deputies (Spain)]]
[[Category:Members of the tenth Congress of Deputies (Spain)]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Galicia]]
[[Category:People from Santiago de Compostela]]
[[Category:People's Party (Spain) politicians]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Spain]]
[[Category:Spanish Roman Catholics]]
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[[zh:马里亚诺·拉霍伊]]
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