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Baris 4: \|name=Lezgian \|nativename=Лезги чІал ''Lezgi č’al'' \|ethnicity=[[~~Lezgins~~Lezgin]] \|pronunciation={{IPA-cau\|lezɡi tʃʼal\|}} \|states=[[~~Russia~~Rusia]] ~~and~~dan [[Azerbaijan]], ~~also~~juga ~~spoken~~dituturkan indi [[~~Georgia (country)\|~~Georgia]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[~~Kyrgyzstan~~Kirgizstan]], [[~~Turkey~~Turki]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[~~Ukraine~~Ukraina]], ~~and~~dan [[Uzbekistan]] \|region=~~Southern~~ [[Dagestan]] Selatan, ~~western~~pesisir barat [[~~Caspian~~Laut ~~Sea~~Kaspia]] ~~coast~~, ~~central~~ [[~~Caucasus~~Kaukasus]] tengah \|speakers=784,000 \|date=2002–2007 \|familycolor=Caucasian \|fam1=[[Rumpun bahasa Kaukasia Timur Laut\|Kaukasia Timur Laut]] ~~\|fam1=[[Northeast Caucasian languages\|Northeast Caucasian]]~~ \|fam2=[[~~Lezgic~~Rumpun ~~languages~~bahasa Lezgik\|~~Lezgic~~Lezgik]] \|fam3=[[~~Samur~~Rumpun ~~languages~~bahasa Samur\|Samur]] \|fam4=~~Eastern~~ Samur Timur \|fam5=Lezgi–Aghul–Tabasaran \|iso2=lez\|iso3=lez \|notice=IPA }} '''Lezgia''', juga disebut '''Lezgi''' atau '''Lezgin''', adalah bahasa yang termasuk ke dalam [[rumpun bahasa Lezgik]]. Bahasa ini diucapkan oleh [[orang Lezgia]], yang tinggal di selatan [[Dagestan]] dan utara [[Azerbaijan]]. Lezgia adalah bahasa sastra dan [[bahasa resmi]] dari [[Dagestan]]. Bahasa ini diklasifikasikan sebagai "rentan" oleh [[UNESCO]] dalam [[Atlas Bahasa Dunia dalam Bahaya]].<ref>[http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?pg=00206 UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]</ref> <!--UNESCO Endangered Language Criteria: 1. Vulnerable, 2. Definitely Endangered, 3. Severely Endangered, 4. Critically Endangered, 5. Extinct--> ==Phonology== ===Vowels=== {\| class="wikitable" \|+Vowels of Lezgi<ref>{{Harvcoltxt\|Chitoran\|Babaliyeva\|2007\|p=2153}}</ref> \|- ! rowspan="2"\| ! colspan="2"\|[[Front vowel\|Front]] ! rowspan="2"\|[[Central vowel\|Central]] ! rowspan="2"\|[[Back vowel\|Back]] \|-align=center !<small>plain</small> !<small>rounded</small> \|-align=center ! [[Close vowel\|Close]] \| i (и) \|\|y (уь) \| \| u (у) \|-align=center ! [[Mid vowel\|Mid]] \| e (е; э) \|\| \| \| \|-align=center ! [[Open vowel\|Open]] \|æ (я) \|\| \|a (а) \| \|} {{IPA\|/a/}} has two main allophones: {{IPA\|[ɑ]}} and {{IPA\|[ʌ]}}; the former prevails in closed syllables (especially before uvulars and {{IPA\|/r/}}), the latter in open syllables. {{IPA\|/a/}} is very often rounded after labialized consonants, which may then lose their labialization. /e/ is open ({{IPA\|[ɛ]}}) in stressed syllables if a vowel plus {{IPA\|/n/}} sequence is not followed by a vowel, the {{IPA\|/n/}} may be deleted and the vowel nasalized. Thus {{IPA\|/zun/}} ('I') can be pronounced {{IPA\|[zũ]}}. ===Consonants=== Ada 54 konsonan dalam Lezgian. Karakter ke kanan adalah huruf dari Alphabet Sirilik Lezgian. Perhatikan aspirasi yang tidak biasanya ditunjukkan dalam ortografi, meskipun fakta bahwa itu adalah fonemik. {\| class="IPA wikitable" ! colspan=2 rowspan=2\| ! rowspan=2\|[[Labial consonant\|Labial]] ! colspan=2\|[[Dental consonant\|Dental]] ! rowspan=2\|[[Postalveolar consonant\|(Post)-<br>alveolar]] ! rowspan=2\|[[palatal consonant\|Palatal]] ! colspan=2\|[[Velar consonant\|Velar]] ! colspan=2\|[[Uvular consonant\|Uvular]] ! rowspan=2\|[[Glottal consonant\|Glottal]] \|- !<small>plain</small> !<small>[[labialization\|lab.]]</small> !<small>plain</small> !<small>[[labialization\|lab.]]</small> !<small>plain</small> !<small>[[labialization\|lab.]]</small> \|-align=center !colspan=2\|[[Nasal stop\|Nasal]] \| /m/ м \| /n/ н \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|-align=center ! rowspan=4\|[[Plosive consonant\|Plosive]] !<small>voiced</small> \| /b/ б \| /d/ д \| /dʷ/ дв \| \| \| /g/ г \| /gʷ/ гв \| \| \| \|-align=center !<small>voiceless</small> \| /p/ п \| /t/ т \| /tʷ/ тв \| \| \| /k/ к \| /kʷ/ кв \| /q/ къ \| /qʷ/ къв \| /ʔ/ ъ \|-align=center !<small>aspirated</small> \| /pʰ/ п \| /tʰ/ т \| /tʷʰ/ тв \| \| \| /kʰ/ к \| /kʷʰ/ кв \| /qʰ/ хъ \| /qʷʰ/ хъв \| \|-align=center !<small>ejective</small> \| /pʼ/ пI \| /tʼ/ тI \| /tʷʼ/ тIв \| \| \| /kʼ/ кI \| /kʷʼ/ кIв \| /qʼ/ кь \| /qʷʼ/ кьв \| \|-align=center ! rowspan=3\|[[Affricate consonant\|Affricate]] !<small>voiceless</small> \| \| /t͡s/ ц \| /t͡sʷ/ цв \| /t͡ʃ/ ч \| \| \| \| \| \| \|-align=center !<small>aspirated</small> \| \| /t͡sʰ/ ц \| /t͡sʷʰ/ цв \| /t͡ʃʰ/ ч \| \| \| \| \| \| \|-align=center !<small>ejective</small> \| \| /t͡sʼ/ цI \| /t͡sʷʼ/ цIв \| /t͡ʃʼ/ чI \| \| \| \| \| \| \|-align=center ! rowspan=2\|[[Fricative consonant\|Fricative]] !<small>voiced</small> \| \| /z/ з \| /zʷ/ зв \| /ʒ/ ж \| \| \| \| /ʁ/ гъ \| /ʁʷ/ гъв \| \|-align=center !<small>voiceless</small> \| /f/ ф \| /s/ с \| /sʷ/ св \| /ʃ/ ш \| \| /x/ хь \| \| /χ/ х \| /χʷ/ хв \| /h/ гь \|-align=center !colspan=2\|[[Approximant consonant\|Approximant]] \| \| /l/ л \| \| \| /j/ й \| \| /w/ в \| \| \| \|-align=center !colspan=2\|[[Trill consonant\|Trill]] \| \| /r/ р \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|} == Latin alphabet == Lezgian usually written using a Cyrillic alphabet, whose sound correspondences are given in the phonology section above. There also exists a Latin alphabet with which to write Lezgian. Its symbols and correspondence to the Cyrillic alphabet is given in the table below.{{Citation needed\|date=March 2012}} {\| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF" \| style="width:3em;" \| A a <br> /а/ \| style="width:3em;" \| Ä ä <br> /я/ \| style="width:3em;" \| B b <br> /б/ \| style="width:3em;" \| C c <br> /ц/ \| style="width:3em;" \| Ch ch <br> /цӀ/ \| style="width:3em;" \| Č č <br> /ч/ \| style="width:3em;" \| Čh čh <br> /чӀ/ \| style="width:3em;" \| D d <br> /д/ \| style="width:3em;" \| E e <br> /е/ \|- \| style="width:3em;" \| F f <br> /ф/ \| style="width:3em;" \| G g <br> /г/ \| style="width:3em;" \| Ğ ğ <br> /гъ/ \| style="width:3em;" \| (H h) <br> /Ӏ/ \| style="width:3em;" \| Ⱨ ⱨ <br> /ъ/ \| style="width:3em;" \| Ħ ħ <br> /гь/ \| style="width:3em;" \| I i <br> /и/ \| style="width:3em;" \| J j <br> /ж/ \| style="width:3em;" \| Ĵ ĵ <br> /дж/ \|- \| style="width:3em;" \| K k <br> /к/ \| style="width:3em;" \| Kh kh <br> /кӀ/ \| style="width:3em;" \| L l <br> /л/ \| style="width:3em;" \| M m <br> /м/ \| style="width:3em;" \| N n <br> /н/ \| style="width:3em;" \| O o <br> /о/ \| style="width:3em;" \| Ö ö <br> /оь/ \| style="width:3em;" \| P p <br> /п/ \| style="width:3em;" \| Ph ph <br> /пӀ/ \|- \| style="width:3em;" \| Q q <br> /хъ/ \| style="width:3em;" \| Qh qh <br> /кь/ \| style="width:3em;" \| R r <br> /р/ \| style="width:3em;" \| S s <br> /с/ \| style="width:3em;" \| Š š <br> /ш/ \| style="width:3em;" \| Th th <br> /тӀ/ \| style="width:3em;" \| T t <br> /т/ \| style="width:3em;" \| U u <br> /у/ \| style="width:3em;" \| Ü ü <br> /уь/ \|- \| style="width:3em;" \| W w <br> /в/ \| style="width:3em;" \| Y y <br> /й/ \| style="width:3em;" \| X x <br> /х/ \| style="width:3em;" \| Ẍ ẍ <br> /хь/ \| style="width:3em;" \| Z z <br> /з/ \| style="width:3em;" \| Ž ž <br> /дз/ \| \| \| \|} ==Bibliography== Baris 34 ⟶ 291: Talibov, Bukar B. and Magomed M. Gadžiev. 1966. ''Lezginsko-russkij slovar’''. Moskva: Izd. Sovetskaja Ėnciklopedija. == Pranala luar == ~~==External links==~~ [[wikt:Appendix:Cyrillic_script#Lezgi alphabet\|Appendix:Cyrillic script]] [http://peterlin.jzn.pl/lezgi/chal.html Notes on the Lezgi language] Baris 41 ⟶ 298: [http://alpan.clan.su Lezgi Sites] {{~~Languages~~Bahasa ofdi ~~Russia~~Rusia}} [[Kategori:Rumpun bahasa Kaukasia Timur Laut]]

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