Thebes, Mesir: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Thebes''' ({{polytonic|Θῆβαι}}, ''Thēbai'') adalah kota di [[Mesir Kuno]] yang terletak 800 km sebelah selatan [[Laut Tengah]], di tepi timur sungai [[Nil]] ({{coord|25.7|N|32.645|E|type:city}}). Kota ini adalah ibukota dari ''[[Waset]],'' [[nome (Mesir)|nome]] [[Mesir Hulu]] keempat. Kota ini juga merupakan ibukota Mesir selama [[dinasti kesebelas Mesir]] dan [[dinasti kedelapanbelas Mesir]], ketika [[Hatshepsut]] membangun armada Laut Merah untuk memfasilitasi perdagangan antara pelabuhan [[Laut Merah]] Thebes di Elim dengan Elat di Teluk Aqaba.
== Sejarah ==
[[File:Biface Egypte MHNT PRE 2004.0.99.jpg|thumb|left| Lithic core yang ada di Museum di Toulouse]]
Thebes sudah dihuni sejak seminar tahun 3200 SM.<ref>http://www.ancient-wisdom.co.uk/egyptkarnak.htm</ref> <!--Merupakan the eponymous capital of Waset, the fourth [[Upper Egypt]]ian [[Nome (Egypt)|nome]]. Waset was the capital of Egypt during part of the [[Eleventh dynasty of Egypt|11th Dynasty]] ([[Middle Kingdom of Egypt|Middle Kingdom]]) and most of the [[Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt|18th Dynasty]] ([[New Kingdom of Egypt|New Kingdom]]), when [[Hatshepsut]] built a Red Sea fleet to facilitate trade between Thebes Red Sea port of [[Elim (Bible)|Elim]], modern Quasir, and [[Eilat|Elat]] at the head of the [[Gulf of Aqaba]]. Traders bought frankincense, myrrh, bitumen, natron, fine woven linen, juniper oil and copper amulets for the mortuary industry at Karnak with Nubian gold. With the [[Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt|19th Dynasty]] the seat of government moved to the [[Nile Delta|Delta]]. The archaeological remains of Thebes offer a striking testimony to Egyptian civilization at its height. The Greek poet [[Homer]] extolled the wealth of Thebes in the [[Iliad]], Book 9 (c. 8th Century BC): "... in Egyptian Thebes the heaps of precious ingots gleam, the hundred-gated Thebes."
[[File:Egypt.LuxorTemple.06.jpg|thumb|left|Luxor Temple]]
The name ''Thebai'' is the [[Greek language|Greek]] designation of the ancient [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]] '''opet''' "The Karnak Temple" (from coptic ta-pe, Ta-opet became Thebai). At the seat of the Theban [[Egyptian mythology|triad]] of [[Amun]], [[Mut]], and [[Khonsu]], Thebes was known in the [[Egyptian language]] from the end of the [[New Kingdom of Egypt|New Kingdom]] as ''niwt-imn'', "The City of [[Amun]]." This found its way into the Hebrew [[Bible]] as נא אמון (''nōʼ ʼāmôn'') ([[Book of Nahum|Nahum]] 3:8), probably referring to the Egyptian deity [[Amun-Ra]], most likely it is also the same as נא ("No") ([[Book of Ezekiel|Ezekiel]] 30:14-16, [[Book of Jeremiah|Jeremiah]] 46:25). In Greek this name was rendered {{lang|grc|Διόσπολις}} ''Diospolis'', "City of Zeus", as [[Zeus]] was the god whom the Greeks identified with [[Amun]], see [[interpretatio graeca]]. The Greeks surnamed the city {{lang|grc|μεγάλη}} ''megale'', "the Great", to differentiate it from numerous other cities called Diospolis. The [[Roman Empire|Romans]] rendered the name ''Diospolis Magna''.
[[File:SFEC AEH -ThebesNecropolis-2010-FULL-Overview-039.jpg|thumb|left|The Theban Necropolis]]
In modern usage, the [[mortuary temple]]s and [[tomb]]s on the west bank of the river Nile are generally thought of as part of Thebes.
In 1979, the ruins of ancient Thebes were inscribed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage site. The two great [[Egyptian temple|temples]] the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens, [[Luxor Temple]] (Arabic: الأقصر, ''Al-Uqṣur'', "The palaces") and al-[[Karnak]] (الكرنك), are among the great achievements of ancient Egypt.
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==Nama dalam aksara [[hieroglif]]==
{|class="wikitable"
|{{hiero|''w3s.t''<br>''City of the Sceptre''<ref>Adolf Erman, Hermann Grapow: ''Wörterbuch der ägyptischer Sprache.'' akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1971. p.259</ref>|<hiero>R19</hiero>|align=left|era=egypt}}
|{{hiero|''w3s.t''|<hiero>R19-t:niwt</hiero>|align=left|era=egypt}}
|{{hiero|''niw.t rs.t''<br>''Southern City''<ref>Wörterbuch, p.211</ref>|<hiero>niwt:t*Z1-M24-t</hiero>|align=left|era=egypt}}
|{{hiero|''iwnw-sm’''<br>''Heliopolis of the South''<ref>Wörterbuch, pp.54,479</ref>|<hiero>O28-nw:niwt-Sma</hiero>|align=left|era=egypt}}
|}
== Pranala luar ==
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