Sayyid Qutb: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Infobox philosopher
'''Sayyid Qutb''' ({{IPA-arz|ˈsæjjed ˈʔotˤb}}, {{IPA-ar|ˈsæjjɪd ˈqʊtˤb|lang}}; juga Said, Syed, Seyyid, Sayid, atau Sayed; Koteb, Qutub, Kotb, atau Kutb) ({{lahirmati||9|10|1906||29|8|1966}} adalah seorang penulis, pendidik, teoris [[Islam]], [[penyair]] [[Mesir|Mesir]] dan anggota utama [[Ikhwanul Muslimin]] Mesir pada era 1950s dan '60s. Di tahun 1966 dia dituduh terlibat dalam rencana pembunuhan presiden Mesir [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] dan dieksekusi dengan cara digantung.▼
|notability = Sayyid Qutb
|era = [[Modern era]]
|image = Qutb.jpg
|caption = Sayyid Qutb saat persidangan pada 1966, padamasa kekuasaan [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]
|name =
|title =
|birth_date = {{birth date|1906|10|9|df=y}}, Mūshā, Mesir
|death_date = {{death date and age|1966|8|29|1906|10|9|df=y}}
|ethnicity = Mesir
|region = [[Timur Tengah]]
|Maddhab = [[Shafi'i]]
|school_tradition| = [[Islam Sunni]]
|main_interests = [[Islam]], [[Politik]], [[Quranic exegesis]] ([[tafsir]])
|notable_ideas = [[Jahiliyyah]], Ubudiyya
|works = Milestones, In the Shade of the Quran
|influences = [[Hassan al-Banna]], [[Ibn al-Qayyim]], [[Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi]], [[Sheikh Usthaz M.A.M.Mansoor]]}}
▲'''Sayyid Qutb''' ({{IPA-arz|ˈsæjjed ˈʔotˤb}}, {{IPA-ar|ˈsæjjɪd ˈqʊtˤb|lang}}; juga Said, Syed, Seyyid, Sayid, atau Sayed; Koteb, Qutub, Kotb, atau Kutb) ({{lahirmati|Mūshā|
Penulis 24 buku, termasuk novel, kritik seni sastra dan buku pendidikan, dia dikenal luas di dunia Muslim lewat karya-karyanya mengenai apa yang dia percaya sebagai peran sosial dan politik [[Islam]], terutama bukunya ''Keadilan Sosial'' dan ''[[Ma'alim fi-l-Tariq]]'' . Karya [[Masterpiece|magnum opus]], ''[[Fi Zilal al-Qur'an]]'' (''Dalam bayangan Qur'an''), adalah 30 jilid komentar terhadap [[Quran|Qur'an]].
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Meskipun sebagian besar observasi dan kritiknya mengenai dunia Muslim, Qutb juga dikenal atas ketidaksetujuannya terhadap masyarakat dan budaya [[Amerika Serikat]],<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/weta/crossroads/about/show_jihad.html PBS program America at the crossroads].</ref><ref name="A Lesson In Hate">David Von Drehle, [http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/presence-feb06.html A Lesson In Hate] ''Smithsonian Magazine''</ref> yang dipandangnya sangat terobsesi dengan materialisme, kekerasan, dan hasrat seksual.<ref name="beforeUS">[http://web.archive.org/web/20070927235927/http://www.disinfo.com/site/displayarticle8626.html 'Qutb: Between Terror And Tragedy' by Hisham Sabrin] quoting Hourani, A. ''Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age: 1798–1939.'' Cambridge University Press, 1962. and Mitchell, Richard S. ''The Society of The Muslim Brotherhood''. Oxford University Press, 1969.</ref> Terdapat beragam pendapat mengenai pandangan Qutb. Dia umum dideksripsikan oleh sebagian sebagai seorang [[seniman]] luar biasa dan [[Shahid|martir untuk Islam]],<ref>[http://www.islamonline.net/livedialogue/english/Browse.asp?hGuestID=3m245Q Interview with Dr Abdel Moneim Abul Fotouh – Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood leader] 8 May 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.islam101.com/history/people/century20/syedQutb.htm Sayyid Qutb by Ahmed El-Kadi, MD]</ref> namun bagi banyak pengamat Barat dia dianggap sebagai salah seorang pembentuk ide Islamisme<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=_5bmzlNx1iAC&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18&dq=qutb+bin+laden&source=bl&ots=spQA79Znrx&sig=RDC6ldywAI6OeQuhlnE40JW-wnU&hl=en&ei=jux6SrejBIaKMpOV5P0C&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9#v=onepage&q=qutb%20bin%20laden&f=false The Osama Bin Laden I Know By Peter L. Bergen] pp. 18–20</ref> dan terutama kelompok seperti [[Al Qaeda]].<ref name="Irwin">[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/nov/01/afghanistan.terrorism3 Robert Irwin, "Is this the man who inspired Bin Laden?"] ''The Guardian'' (1 November 2001).</ref><ref>[http://members.cox.net/slsturgi3/PhilosopherOfIslamicTerror.htm Paul Berman, "The Philosopher of Islamic Terror"], ''New York Times Magazine'' (23 March 2003).</ref><ref>[http://www.pbs.org/weta/crossroads/incl/Out-of-the-Shadows.pdf Out of the Shadows: Getting ahead of prisoner radicalization]</ref><ref>[http://www.pwhce.org/evolutionofalqaeda.html The Evolution of Al-Qaeda: Osama bin Laden and Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]</ref> Sekarang, para pendukungnya diidentifikasian sebagai [[Qutbism|Qutbists]]<ref>[http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/07spring/eikmeier.htm Qutbism: An Ideology of Islamic-Fascism] by Dale C. Eikmeier. From ''[[Parameters (journal)|Parameters]]'', Spring 2007, pp. 85–98.</ref> atau "Qutbi" (oleh para penentang mereka, bukan mereka sendiri).<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Bmz9y2osH1YC&pg=PA175&dq=qutbiyyun&hl=en&ei=SKN3TfyyGcXurAGn8qSJCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=qutbiyyun&f=false Pioneers of Islamic revival] By ʻAlī Rāhnamā, p. 175</ref>
==Kehidupan dan
===Masa
Qutb lahir pada 9 Oktober 1906.<ref>Beberapa sumber (
Dia pindah ke [[Kairo]], di mana dia bisa mendapatkan pendidikan berbasis gaya pendidikan Inggris, antara tahun 1929 dan 1933, sebelum memulai karirnya sebagai seorang guru di Kementerian Instruksi Publik. Sepanjang karir awalnya tersebut, Qutb mendedikasikan dirinya terhadap seni sastra dengan menjadi penulis dan kritikus, dia menulis novel seperti ''Ashwak'' (''Duri'') dan bahkan membantu mempopulerkan novelis Mesir [[Naguib Mahfouz]] yang awalnya tak dikenal publik. Di tahun 1939, dia menjadi seorang fungsionaris Kementerian Pendidikan Mesir (''wizarat al-ma'arif'' ).
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Meskipun Islam memberinya kedamaian dan kepuasan,<ref>Sayyed mengatakan mengenai Qur'an: "Allah telah menganugerahiku dengan kehidupan di bawah bayang Qur'an dalam masa ini, Aku telah merasakan anugerah dan kasih sayangNya, yang tidak pernah aku rasakan sepanjang hidupku." ''[[Fi Zilal al-Qur'an]]'', Pembukaan, Bab 1.</ref> dia menderita masalah pernapasan dan berbagai masalah kesehatan lainnya sepanjang hidup dan dikenal atas "sikap introvet, isolasi, depresi dan kepedulian." Penampilannya digambarkan, "pucat dengan mata terlihat mengantuk."<ref>Hamudah, Adil, ''Sayyid Qutb: min al-qarya ila al-mashnaqa '' (Cairo, Ruz al-Yusuf, 1987), pp. 60–61, quoted in Moussalli (1992), p. 35</ref> Qutb tidak pernah menikah, yang merupakan bagian dari keseriusannya dalam pendekatan keagamaan. Sementara masyarakat urban Mesir tempat dia tinggal menjadi semakin terwesternisasi, Qutb percaya bahwa 'ide yang ada mengenai masyarakat dan tradisi umum menjadi tekanan kuat - tekanan yang menghancurkan, terutama pada kasus perempuan; perempuan Muslim benar-benar berada dalam kondisi tekanan ekstrim dan opresif'.<ref>Milestones, Chapter 10, p. 85</ref> Qutb bercanda pada pembacanya bahwa dia tidak pernah berhasil menemukan perempuan dan harus berdamai dengan dirinya sendiri dalam keperjakaan.<ref>Qutb, Sayyid, ''Dan-bat al-tatawwur, Majallat al-Shu'un al-Ijtima`iyya fi al-Islam,'' 1940, 6, 43–46, quoted in Calvert (2000)</ref>
Terlihat sangat jelas sejak masa kanak-kanak, bahwa Qutb sangat menghargai pendidikan,
<blockquote>Syed Qutb from a young age would save up his money for a man
called Amsaalih, who used to sell books around the local villages.
He would have a big collection of books, and another small
collection specifically for Syed Qutb. If Syed never had the money,
he would tell him that I don't have the money now, so let me
borrow it and I'll give it you next time you come around. And
Amsaalih would let him do that.
At the age of 12, he had his own library collection of 25 books,
even though books were really expensive during that time.
He would imitate the scholars by reading the books, and then give
lectures to the rest of the village. If any women needed any
information, they would wait till Syed Qutb came back from school,
and ask him to share the knowledge he had to them. In many
occasions he would be shy because he was a young man, but in
some occasions he would go and teach the knowledge he had to
the people who asked him.<ref>The Lives of Hassan elBanna & Syed Qutb, p. 15</ref></blockquote>
===Visit to America===
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[http://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks%3A1&tbo=1&q=Qutb%27s+%22real+contribution+to+contemporary+Islamism.%22+&btnG=Search+Books&safe=active Sayyid Qutb and the Origins of Radical Islamism] By John Calvert</ref>
==
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* ''Mahammat al-Sha'ir fi'l-Hayah wa Shi'r al-Jil al-Hadir'' (The Task of the Poet in Life and the Poetry of the Contemporary Generation), 1933
* ''al-Shati al-Majhul'' (The Unknown Beach), 1935
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* ''Al-Naqd al-Adabi: Usuluhu wa Manahijuhu'' (Literary Criticism: Its Foundation and Methods'), 1948
'''
* ''Al-Adala al-Ijtima'iyya fi'l-Islam (Social Justice in Islam), 1949
* ''Ma'rakat al-Islam wa'l-Ra's Maliyya (The Battle Between Islam and Capitalism), 1951
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* Islam and universal peace
==
* [[Fi zilal al-Qur'an]]
* [[
* [[Islam
* [[Taqiuddin al-Nabhani]]
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{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
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* Valentine, Simon Ross, Sayyid Qutb: Terrorism & the Origins of Militant Islam", American Chronicle, December 2008.
* From Secularism to Jihad: Sayyid Qutb and the Foundations of Radical Islamism – Adnan A. Musallam
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