Teks Bizantin: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 103:
=== Naskah lain ===
;
[[Papyrus 73|𝔓<sup>73</sup>]]
; Uncial
Baris 114:
=== Distribusi naskah teks Bizantin bercorak minuscule menurut abad ===
;
461, 1080, 1862, 2142, 2500
; Abad ke-9/10
399
; Abad ke-10
14, 27, 29, 34, 36e, 63, 82, 92, 100, 135, 144, 151, 221, 237, 262, 278b, 344, 364, 371, 405, 411, 450, 454, 457, 478, 481, 564, 568, 584, 602, 605, 626, 627, 669, 920, 1055, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1203, 1220, 1223, 1225, 1347, 1351, 1357, 1392, 1417, 1452, 1661, 1720, 1756, 1829, 1851, 1880, 1905, 1920, 1927, 1954, 1997, 1998, 2125, 2373, 2414, 2545, 2722, 2790
; Abad ke-10/11
994, 1073, 1701
; Abad ke-11
7p, 8, 12, 20, 23, 24, 25, 37, 39, 40, 50, 65, 68, 75, 77, 83, 89, 98, 108, 112, 123, 125, 126, 127, 133, 137, 142, 143, 148, 150, 177, 186, 194, 195, 197, 200, 207, 208, 210, 212, 215, 236, 250, 259, 272, 276, 277, 278a, 300, 301, 302, 314, 325, 331, 343, 350, 352, 354, 357, 360, 375, 376, 422, 458, 465, 466, 470, 474, 475, 476, 490, 491, 497, 504, 506, 507, 516, 526, 527, 528, 530, 532, 547, 548, 549, 560, 583, 585, 596, 607, 624, 625, 638, 639, 640, 651, 672, 699, 707, 708, 711, 717, 746, 754, 756, 773, 785, 809, 831, 870, 884, 887, 894, 901, 910, 919, 937, 942, 943, 944, 964, 965, 991, 1014, 1028, 1045, 1054, 1056, 1074, 1110, 1123, 1168, 1174, 1187, 1207, 1209, 1211, 1212, 1214, 1221, 1222, 1244, 1277, 1300, 1312, 1314, 1317, 1320, 1324, 1340, 1343, 1373, 1384, 1438, 1444, 1449, 1470, 1483, 1513, 1514, 1517, 1520, 1521, 1545, 1556, 1570, 1607, 1668, 1672, 1693, 1730, 1734, 1738, 1770, 1828, 1835, 1847, 1849, 1870, 1878, 1879, 1888, 1906, 1907, 1916, 1919, 1921, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1946, 1955, 1980, 1981, 1982, 2001, 2007, 2098, 2132, 2133, 2144, 2172, 2176, 2181, 2183, 2199, 2275, 2277, 2281, 2386, 2295, 2307, 2381, 2386, 2430, 2442, 2447, 2451, 2458, 2468, 2475, 2539, 2547, 2559, 2563, 2567, 2571, 2587, 2637, 2649, 2661, 2723, 2746, 2760, 2782, 2787 <br>
2306 (composite of parts from the 11th to the 14th centuries)
; Abad ke-11/12
665, 657, 660, 1013, 1188, 1191, 1309, 1358, 1340, 1566, 2389, 2415, 2784
; Abad ke-12
2e, 2ap, 3, 9, 11, 15, 21, 32, 44, 46, 49, 57, 73, 76, 78, 80, 84, 95, 97, 105, 110, 111, 116, 119, 120, 122, 129, 132, 134, 138, 139, 140, 146, 156, 159, 162, 183, 187, 193, 196, 199, 202, 203, 217, 224, 226, 231, 240, 244, 245, 247, 261, 264, 267, 268, 269, 270, 275, 280, 281, 282, 297, 304, 306, 319, 320, 329, 334, 337, 347, 351, 353, 355, 356, 366, 374, 387, 392, 395, 396, 401, 407, 408, 419, 438, 439, 443, 452, 471, 485, 499, 502, 505, 509, 510, 514, 518, 520, 524, 529, 531, 535, 538, 550, 551, 556, 570, 571, 580, 587, 618, 620, 622, 637, 650, 662, 673, 674, 688, 692, 721, 736, 748, 750, 760, 765, 768, 770, 774, 777, 778, 779, 782, 787, 793, 799, 808, 843, 857, 860, 862, 877, 893, 896, 902, 911, 916, 922, 924, 936, 950, 967, 971, 973, 975, 980, 987, 993, 998, 1007, 1046, 1081, 1083, 1085, 1112, 1169, 1176, 1186, 1190, 1193, 1197, 1198, 1199, 1200, 1217, 1218, 1224, 1231, 1240, 1301, 1315, 1316, 1318, 1323, 1350a, 1355, 1360, 1364, 1375, 1385, 1437, 1539, 1583, 1673, 1683, 1714, 1737, 1752, 1754, 1755a, 1755b, 1800, 1821, 1826, 1872, 1889, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1926, 1951, 1970, 1971, 1974, 1986, 1988, 2013, 2096, 2126, 2135, 2139, 2173, 2177, 2189, 2191, 2289, 2282, 2426, 2437, 2445, 2459, 2490, 2491, 2507, 2536, 2549, 2550, 2552, 2562, 2639, 2650, 2657, 2671, 2700, 2712, 2725, 2727, 2781, 2785, 2791, 2794 <br>
632
; Abad ke-12/13
905, 906, 1310, 1341, 1897, 2311
; Abad ke-13
52, 55 60, 74, 107, 121, 128, 136, 141, 147, 167, 170, 192, 198, 204, 219, 220, 227, 248, 260, 284, 291, 292, 293, 303, 305, 309, 327, 328, 342, 359, 361, 362, 384, 388, 390, 410, 449, 469, 473, 477, 479, 482, 483, 484, 496, 500, 501, 511, 519, 533, 534, 546, 553, 554, 558, 573, 574, 592, 593, 597, 601, 663, 666, 677, 684, 685, 689, 691, 696, 705, 714, 715, 725, 729, 737, 757, 759, 775, 811, 820, 825, 830, 835, 840, 897, 898, 900, 912, 914, 966, 969, 970, 981, 995, 997, 999, 1000, 1004, 1008, 1011, 1015, 1016, 1031, 1050, 1052, 1053, 1057, 1069, 1070, 1072, 1087, 1089, 1094, 1103, 1107, 1129, 1148, 1149, 1150, 1161, 1177, 1201, 1205, 1206, 1208, 1213, 1215, 1226, 1238, 1255, 1285, 1339, 1352a, 1400, 1594, 1597, 1604, 1622, 1717, 1717, 1728, 1731, 1736, 1740, 1742, 1772, 1855, 1858, 1922, 1938, 1941, 1956, 1972, 1992, 2111, 2119, 2140, 2141, 2236, 2353, 2376, 2380, 2390, 2409, 2420, 2423, 2425, 2457, 2479, 2483, 2502, 2534, 2540, 2558, 2568, 2584, 2600, 2624, 2627, 2631, 2633, 2645, 2646, 2658, 2660, 2665, 2670, 2696, 2699, 2724, 2761
; Abad ke-13/14
266, 656, 668, 1334, 2499, 2578
; Abad ke-14
18, 45, 53, 54, 66, 109, 155, 171, 182, 185, 190, 201, 214, 223, 232, 235, 243, 246, 290, 308, 316, 324, 358, 367, 369, 381, 386, 393, 394, 402, 404, 409, 412, 413, 414, 415, 417, 425, 426, 480, 492, 494, 498, 512, 521, 523, 540, 577, 578, 586, 588, 594, 600, 603, 604, 628, 633, 634, 644, 645, 648, 649, 680, 686, 690, 698, 718, 727, 730, 731, 734, 741, 758, 761, 762, 763, 764, 769, 781, 783, 784, 786, 789, 790, 794, 797, 798, 802, 806, 818, 819, 824, 833, 834, 836, 839, 845, 846, 848, 858, 864, 866a, 867, 889, 890, 904, 921, 928, 938, 951, 952, 953, 959, 960, 977, 978, 1020, 1023, 1032, 1033, 1036, 1061, 1062, 1075, 1099, 1100, 1119, 1121, 1185, 1189, 1196, 1234, 1235, 1236, 1248, 1249, 1252, 1254, 1283, 1328, 1330, 1331, 1345, 1350b, 1356, 1377, 1395, 1445, 1447, 1476, 1492, 1503, 1504, 1516, 1543, 1547, 1548, 1572, 1577, 1605, 1613, 1614, 1619, 1637, 1723, 1725, 1726, 1732, 1733, 1741, 1746, 1747, 1761, 1762, 1771, 1856, 1859, 1899, 1902, 1918, 1928, 1929, 1952, 1975, 2085, 2160, 2261, 2266, 2273, 2303, 2309, 2310, 2355, 2356, 2406, 2407, 2431, 2441, 2454, 2466, 2484, 2503, 2593, 2626, 2629, 2634, 2651, 2653, 2666, 2668, 2679, 2698, 2716, 2765, 2767, 2773, 2774, 2775, 2780, 2783
; Abad ke-15
30, 47, 58, 70, 149, 285, 286, 287, 288, 313, 368, 373, 379, 380, 385, 418, 432, 446, 448, 493, 525, 541, 575, 616, 664, 694, 739, 801, 841, 844, 853, 880, 955, 958, 961, 962, 1003, 1017, 1018, 1024, 1026, 1059, 1060, 1105, 1202, 1232, 1233, 1247, 1250, 1260, 1264, 1482, 1508, 1617, 1626, 1628, 1636, 1649, 1656, 1745, 1750, 1757, 1763, 1767, 1876, 1882, 1948, 1957, 1958, 1964, 1978, 2003, 2175, 2178, 2221, 2352, 2418, 2452, 2455, 2554, 2673, 2675, 2691, 2704, 2729
; Abad ke-15/16
99, 1367
; Abad ke-16
90, 335, 445, 724, 745, 755, 867, 957, 1019, 1030, 1065, 1068, 1088, 1239, 1362, 1370, 1374, 1618, 1749, 1768, 1861, 1883, 1911, 1930, 1931, 1936, 1937, 1979, 2009, 2218, 2378, 2422, 2496, 2501, 2532, 2555, 2572, 2573, 2579, 2635, 2636, 2690, 2711, 2721, 2779
; Abad ke-16/17
1371
; Abad ke-17 dan selanjutnya
289, 868, 956, 963, 988, 1044, 1063, 1101, 1104, 1303, 1748, 1869, 2267, 2450, 2497, 2581, 2619, 2656.<ref>Kurt Aland, and Barbara Aland, "The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism", trans. Erroll F. Rhodes, ''[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]'', Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1995, pp. 140-142.</ref>
== Karakteristik teks Bizantin ==
Dibandingkan dengan naskah-naskah jenis teks Alexandria, pembacaan-pembacaan Bizantin terpisah cenderung mengarah kepada bahasa Yunani yang lancar dan tersusun rapi, mereka mengandung lebih sedikit variasi di antara bagian-bagian paralel [[Injil Sinoptik]], dan lebih jarang menunjukkan kontradiktori atau persoalan sulit ("Lectio difficilior potior") dalam eksegesis.<ref>"The Syrian text has all the appearance of being a careful attempt to supersede the chaos of rival texts by a judicious selection from them all." [[Brooke Foss Westcott]], [[Fenton John Anthony Hort]]. ''The New Testament In The Original Greek'', 1925. p. 551</ref> Misalnya, [[Injil Markus]] 1:2 berbunyi "Seperti yang tertulis dalam kitab para nabi..." dalam Teks Bizantin; sedangkan ayat yang sama berbunyi, "Seperti yang tertulis dalam [[Kitab Yesaya|kitab nabi Yesaya]].." pada teks-teks awal. Karena sebagian kutipan itu mengandung perkataan dari [[Kitab Maleakhi]], bentuk Bizantin ayat ini menghindarkan kesulitan yang mungkin terjadi yaitu kesimpulan bahwa Markus mungkin mengandung ketidak akuratan fakta.
Ciri lain adalah tatabahasa (''grammar'') (f.e. οι δε ειπον, dalam teks Alexandria: οι δε ειπαν) dan urutan kata-kata yang berbeda. Misalnya:
Yohanes 6:49
:εν τη ερημω το μαννα – codices [[Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209|B]], [[Codex Ephraemi|C]], [[Codex Bezae|D]], T, [[Codex Washingtonianus|W]], [[Codex Koridethi|Θ]]
Baris 195:
* ὁ κριτής — Αlexandrian mss ''f''<sup>1</sup> ''f''<sup>13</sup>
* δώσει — D
* ὁ κριτής σε παραδῷ — K L W Δ Θ Π 28 33 565 700
Matius 10:4
* Θαδδαιος —
* Λεββαιος — D, d, ([[Codex Bobiensis|k]])
* Λεββαιος ο επικληθεις Θαδδαιος —
* Θαδδαιος ο επικληθεις Λεββαιος — 13 346 543 [[Minuscule 826 (Gregory-Aland)|826]] [[Minuscule 828 (Gregory-Aland)|828]]
Baris 222:
* ο λαος ουτος (''These people'') — א B D L Θ 084 ''f''<sup>13</sup> 33 700 892 1424
* και ην εν τη ερημω — א, A, B, D, L, Θ, 33, [[Minuscule 579|579]], 892, 1342, [[Minuscule 2427|2427]]
* και ην εκει εν τη ερημω — W, Δ, [[Minuscule 157|157]], 1241, Byz, TR
Baris 246:
* εκει — codex W, [[Lectionary 150|'''ℓ''' ''150'']], it<sup>c</sup>
* εξισταντο — Alexandrian mss, 28, vg, syr<sup>s</sup>, cop<sup>sa, bo</sup> geo
* εξεπλησσοντο — ''f''<sup>1</sup>
Baris 252:
* αθαυμαζον και εξισταντο — [[Minuscule 517|517]] [[Minuscule 1424|1424]] Peshitta
* βαπτισμους ξεστων και ποτηριων και αλλα παρομοια τοιαυτα πολλα ποιειτε (''the washing of pitchers and cups, and many other such things you do'') – (Α) ''f''<sup>13</sup> Byz vg (syr<sup>p</sup>) syr<sup>h</sup>
* πας γαρ πυρι αλισθησεται –
* πασα γαρ θυσια αλι αλισθησεται –
* πας γαρ πυρι αλισθησεται και πασα θυσια αλι αλισθησεται –
* καὶ αὕτη αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ (dan ia (perempuan) pada jam itu; ''and she in that hour'') —
▲Luke 2:38
▲* καὶ αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ (''and that hour'') — Alexandrian
▲* καὶ αὕτη αὐτῇ τῇ ὥρᾳ (''and she in that hour'') — Caesarean and Byzantine
▲Luke 7:10
* δουλον — p<sup>45</sup> א B L W ''f''<sup>1</sup> 700 892 1241 it syr<sup>s, pal</sup> cop<sup>sa, bo</sup> ath? geo
* ασθενουντα — D d
* ασθενουντα δουλον — A C K X Δ Θ Π ''f''<sup>13</sup> 28 33 565 892 1009 1010 1071 1079 1195 1216 1230 1242 1253 1344 1365 1546 1646 2148 2174 Byz Lect it<sup>f</sup> vg syr<sup>p, h</sup> goth arm eth? Diatessaron
* κριτην η μεριστην — Alexandrian mss, ''f''<sup>1</sup>, ''f''<sup>13</sup>, 700, 1241
* δικαστην η μεριστην — A, K, W, X, Δ, Θ, Π, [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Ψ]], 565, 1009, 1010, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1230, 1242, 1253, 1344, 1365, 1546, 1646, 2148, 2174, Byz
Baris 279 ⟶ 278:
* μεριστην — cop<sup>sa</sup><sup><sup>mss</sup></sup>
* ευλογουντες τον θεον (memuliakan Allah, "blessing God") —
* αινουντες τον θεον (memuji Allah, "praising God") — Western/Barat
* αινουντες και ευλογουντες τον θεον (memuji dan memuliakan Allah, "praising and blessing God") —
* ο μονογενης υιος — A, C<sup>3</sup>, K, X, Δ, Θ, Π, [[Uncial 063|063]], [[Uncial 0234|0234]], ''f''<sup>1</sup>, ''f''<sup>13</sup>, 28, 565, 700, 892, 1009, 1010, 1071, 1079, 1195, 1216, 1230, 1241, 1242, 1253, 1344, 1365, 1546, 1646, 2148, Byz
* ο μονογενης θεος — p<sup>75</sup>, א<sup>c</sup>, 33, cop<sup>bo</sup>
* μονογενης θεος — Alexandrian mss
* του Θεου (''of the God'') — א B 614 1175 2495 al vg sy bo<sup>ms</sup>
* του κυριου (''of the Lord'') — [[Papyrus 74]] [[Codex Alexandrinus|A]] C* D [[Codex Laudianus|E]] Ψ 33 [[Minuscule 36|36]] [[Minuscule 453|453]] [[Minuscule 945|945]] [[Minuscule 1739|1739]] [[Minuscule 1891|1891]]
* του κυριου και του Θεου (''of the Lord and God'') — C<sup>3</sup> Byz
: υπο της βιας των κυματων — <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>74</sup>, C, P, 049, 056, 0142, (א<sup>c</sup>, [[Minuscule 104|104]] απο), 33, 81, 88, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, ([[Minuscule 629|629]] των ανεμων), 630, 945, 1241, 1505, 1739, 1877, 2127, 2412, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect, syr<sup>p, h</sup>, cop, eth<sup>pp</sup>
: υπο της βιας — א, A, B, arm, geo
: υπο των κυματων — Ψ ('''ℓ''' ''1441'' των κυματων with obeli and omitted υπο)
: Ιησου – א, B, D, G, 1739, 1881, it<sup>d, g</sup>, cop<sup>sa, bo</sup>, eth
: Ιησου μη κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν – A, [[Codex Claromontanus|D<sup>b</sup>]], [[Codex Athous Lavrensis|Ψ]], [[Minuscule 81|81]], 629, 2127, vg
: Ιησου μη κατα σαρκα περιπατουσιν αλλα κατα πνευμα – א<sup>c</sup>, D<sup>c</sup>, [[Codex Mosquensis I|K]], [[Codex Porphyrianus|P]], 33, [[Minuscule 88|88]], [[Minuscule 104|104]], [[Minuscule 181|181]], [[Minuscule 326|326]], [[Minuscule 330|330]], ([[Minuscule 436|436]] omit μη), [[Minuscule 456|456]], [[Minuscule 614|614]], [[Minuscule 630|630]], [[Minuscule 1241|1241]], 1877, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect<ref>UBS3, p. 548. </ref>
1
: μυστηριον – <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>46</sup>, א, Α, C, 88, 436, it<sup>a,r</sup>, syr<sup>p</sup>, cop<sup>bo</sup>
: μαρτυριον – B D G P Ψ 33 81 104 181 326 330 451 614 629 630 1241 1739 1877 1881 1962 1984 2127 2492 2495 Byz Lect it vg syr<sup>h</sup> cop<sup>sa</sup> arm eth
Baris 310 ⟶ 309:
: σωτηριον – 489, '''ℓ''' ''598''<sup>pt</sup>, '''ℓ''' ''599''<ref>UBS3, p. 581. </ref>
1
: τη προσευχη ("berdoa"; ''prayer'')
: τη νηστεια και τη προσευχη ("berpuasa dan berdoa"; ''fasting and prayer'') – א<sup>c</sup>, K, L, 88, 326, 436, 614, 1241, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect, syr<sup>p,h</sup>, goth; there is also reading τη προσευχη και νηστεια (''prayer and fasting'') – 330, 451, John of Damascus.<ref>UBS3, p. 591. </ref>
1
: υμων — <math>\mathfrak{P}</math><sup>46</sup>, א*, A, B, C*, 33, 1739, arm
: υμων κλωμενον — א<sup>c</sup>, C<sup>3</sup>, D<sup>b,c</sup>, G, K, Ψ, 81, 88, 104, 181, 326, 330, 436, 451, 614, 629, 630, 1241, 1739<sup>mg</sup>, 1877, 1881, 1962, 1984, 1985, 2127, 2492, 2495, Byz, Lect
Baris 320 ⟶ 319:
: υμων διδομενον — c, dem, f, t, x, z<sup>c</sup>, vg (''tradetur''), cop, eth
Dalam Markus 6:33 dan Lukas 24:53 jenis teks Bizantin tampak seperti kombinasi Teks Alexandria dan Teks Barat. Di sisi lain situasinya lebih rumit. Markus 1:13 tampak seperti kombinasi teks Alexandria dan Kaisarea.
==
Di antara yang percaya bahwa teks Bizantin hanyalah saksi kedua dari naskah asli, terjadi debat mengenai asal teks Bizantin dan alasan penyebarannya yang luas. Pendapat-pendapat yang diberikan antara lain bahwa:
*
* [[Konstantinus I]] membiayai penyebaran naskah-naskah dari sebuah sumber yang sama. (Ada sejumlah rujukan oleh [[Eusebius dari Kaisarea]] bahwa Konstantinus membiayai produksi 50 buah Alkitab).
*
| last = Aland
| first = Kurt
Baris 338 ⟶ 337:
| page = 67
| url =
| isbn = 0-8028-4098-1}}</ref>
Teks Bizantin standar yang digunakan oleh Gereja Ortodoks Yunani didukung oleh naskah-naskah minuscule akhir dan naskah-naskah tertuanya ditulis di abad ke-9. Teks Bizantin awal berbeda dengan teks akhir di 3000 tempat dan lebih dekat ke teks Alexandria. Famili Teks Bizantin awal seperti family E and Π, oleh Kurt Aland tidak digolongkan sebagai naskah Bizantin, dan beberapa di antaranya dimasukkan sebagai Kategori III naskah Perjanjian Baru Yunani. Semua naskah teks Bizantin standar dimasukkan oleh Aland ke dalam Kategori V.
== Textus Receptus ==
== Teks Kritikal Modern ==
[[:en:Karl Konrad Friedrich Wilhelm Lachmann|Karl Lachmann]] (1850)
Von Soden
* K<sup>x</sup> —
* K<sup>r</sup> —
* K<sup>1</sup> (subfamily of K<sup>x</sup>) — S V Ω 461
* K<sup>i</sup> (Family E) — [[Codex Basilensis A. N. III. 12|E]] [[Codex Boreelianus|F]] [[Codex Seidelianus I|G]] [[Codex Seidelianus II|H]]
* I<sup>k</sup> (
: Ιησου — p<sup>45</sup> p<sup>75</sup> A W Byz b
: κυριου — א B D L Ξ 579 892 cop<sup>bo</sup> syr<sup>c</sup>
: ενος δε εστιν χρεια — p<sup>45</sup> p<sup>75</sup> A C W Byz
: ολιγων δε χρεια εστιν η ενος — B
: ολιγων δε εστιν η ενος — א
: ολιγων δε εστιν χρεια — 38 syr<sup>pal</sup><ref>[[Gordon D. Fee]], ''P75, P66, and Origen: The Myth of Early Textual Recension in Alexandria'', p. 253.</ref>
: φῶς — א B F Θ ''f''<sup>1</sup> ''f''<sup>13</sup>
: φέγγος — p<sup>45</sup> 33 Byz
: ὃ ... μεῖζον — B it
: ὃς ... μείζων — p<sup>66</sup> ''f''<sup>1</sup> ''f''<sup>13</sup> Byz
: πρός — א B C* D L X
: εἰς — p<sup>66</sup> Θ Byz
: βάψας — א B C L X 33
: καὶ ἐμβάψας — p<sup>66<sup>c</sup></sup> A Θ
Kisah Para Rasul 17:13
: ταράσσοντες —
: omitted — p<sup>45</sup> E Byz
1 Korintus 9:7
: τὸν καρπόν — א* A B D* G P
: ἐκ τοῦ καρποῦ — p<sup>46</sup> Byz
Efesus 5:9
: φωτός — א* A B D* G P
: πνεύματος — p<sup>46</sup> Byz
: του θεου – א A B (D*) P Ψ 33 81 104 326 365 629 1175 1241 2464
: omitted – p<sup>46</sup> D<sup>2</sup> Byz
== Lihat pula ==
Baris 438 ⟶ 442:
* Klaus Wachtel, ''Der Byzantinische Text Der Katholischen Briefe'' (Universität Münster, 1994).
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://byztxt.com/ Online version of ''The New Testament in the Original Greek – Byzantine Textform 2005'', Edited by Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont]
* [http://openscriptures.org/prototypes/manuscript-comparator/ Comparison of the Byzantine/Majority Text with other manuscript editions] on the Manuscript Comparator
Baris 446 ⟶ 450:
* [http://cspmt.org/ Center for Study and Preservation of the Majority Text]
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[[Kategori:Teks Bizantin| ]]
[[Kategori:Versi dan terjemahan Alkitab]]
[[ar:نص بيزنطي]]
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