Monako: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{collapsible list

|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;font-size:90%;

|liststyle = text-align:center;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;

}}

|common_name = Monako

|image_coat = Coat of Arms of Monaco.svg

|image_map = Location Monaco Europe.png

|image_map2 = |map2_width = |map2_caption =

|national_anthem = ''[[Hymne Monégasque]]''<br/><small>Inggris: Monégasque Anthem''</small><br/><center>[[File:Monaco National Anthem.ogg]]</center>

|capital = Monaco{{ref label|engoffbox|a|}}

|largest_settlement = [[Monte Carlo]]

|latd =43 |latm=43 |latNS=N |longd=7 |longm=25 |longEW=E

|languages = {{unbulleted list |[[Dialek Monégasque|Monégasque]] |[[Bahasa Italia|Italia]] |[[Bahasa Oksitan|Oksitan]] |[[Bahasa Inggris|Inggris]]}}

|demonym = {{unbulleted list |Monegasque |Monacans{{ref label|engoffbox|c|}}}}

|government_type = [[Negara kesatuan|Kesatuan]] [[Monarki konstitusional|konstitutional]] [[kepangeranan]]

|leader_title2 = [[Daftar Menteri Negara Monako|Menteri Negara]]

|leader_name2 = [[Michel Roger]]

|leader_name3 = [[Jean-François Robillon]]

|area_magnitude = 1 G6

|population_estimate = 36,371<ref name="imsee.mc">{{cite web |url=http://www.imsee.mc/Population-et-emploi |title=Population et emploi / IMSEE&nbsp;— Monaco IMSEE |language={{fr icon}} |publisher=Imsee.mc |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref>

|population_estimate_year = 2011

|population_census_year = 2008

|GDP_PPP = $4.694&nbsp;billion<ref name="unsd"/><ref name="wdi">{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog |title=World Development Indicators |publisher=[[World Bank]] |accessdate=8 October 2012}} Note: "PPP conversion factor, GDP (LCU per international $)" for France (0.8724) was used.</ref>

|GDP_PPP_year = 2010{{ref label|engoffbox|b|}}

|GDP_nominal = $5.424&nbsp;billion<ref name="unsd">{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/selCountry.asp |title=National Accounts Main Aggregates Database |publisher=[[United Nations Statistics Division]] |accessdate=8 October 2012}}</ref>

|GDP_nominal_year = 2010{{ref label|engoffbox|b|}}

|Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank =

|HDI_year = 1997

|HDI_change = steady <!--increase/decrease/steady-->

|HDI_ref =

|established_date1 = 1297

|established_date2 = 1861

|established_date3 = 1911

|established_date4 = 2002

|currency_code = EUR

|time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]]

|utc_offset_DST = +2

|cctld = [[.mc]]

 

'''Monako''' {{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Monaco.ogg|ˈ|m|ɒ|n|ə|k|oʊ}}, secara resmi '''Kepangeranan Monako''' ({{lang-fr|Principauté de Monaco}} ({{IPA-fr|prɛ̃.si.po.te.d(ə).mɔ.na'ko}}) ; [[Dialek Monégasque|Monégasque]]: ''Principatu de Múnegu''; {{lang-it|Principato di Monaco}}; {{lang-oc|Principat de Mónegue}}), adalah sebuah [[negara kota]] berdaulat, yang terletak di [[Côte d'Azur]] di [[Eropa Barat]]. Berbatasan dengan [[Perancis]] di tiga sisi, dan satu sisi berbatasan dengan [[Laut Tengah]], pusatnya adalah sekitar {{convert|16|km|abbr=on}} dari [[Italia]], dan hanya {{convert|13|km|abbr=on}} dari timur laut [[Nice, Perancis]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://geography.howstuffworks.com/europe/geography-of-monaco.htm |title=HowStuffWorks "Geography of Monaco" |publisher=Geography.howstuffworks.com |date=30 March 2008 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> Monako mempunyai luas wilayah {{convert|2.02|km²|abbr=on}},<ref name="Recensement"/> dan populasi sebesar 36,371,<ref name="imsee.mc"/> dan membuat Monako menjadi [[Daftar negara menurut luas wilayah|negara kedua terkecil]], dan [[Daftar negara menurut kepadatan penduduk|paling padat penduduk di dunia]]<!--Catatan: Makau lebih padat, tetapi adalah depedensi, bukan negara-->.<ref name="cia"/> Monako mempunyai perbatasan darat hanya {{convert|4.4|km|abbr=on}}, dan garis pantai {{convert|4.1|km|abbr=on}}, dan lebar yang bervariasi antara {{convert|1.7|km|abbr=on}}, dan 349 meter (382 yard).<ref name="about">{{cite web |url=http://geography.about.com/library/cia/blcmonaco.htm |title=Geography and Map of Monaco |publisher=Geography.about.com |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref><ref name="visitmonaco">{{cite web|url=http://visitmonaco.com/us/About-Monaco/Geography/Monaco%27s-Areas |title=Monaco - Monaco's Areas / Geography / About Monaco / Monaco Official Site |publisher=Visitmonaco.com |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref> Titik tertinggi dari negara ini adalah jalur sempit yang bernama [[Chemin des Révoires]] di lereng gunung [[Mont Agel]], di distrik [[Les Révoires]], yang tingginya 161 meter (528&nbsp;feet) [[di bawah permukaan laut]].<ref name="archeoalpimaritimi">{{cite web |url=http://www.archeo-alpi-maritimi.com/cheminsanciensturbie.php |title=cheminsanciensturbie |publisher=Archeo-alpi-maritimi.com |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> ''Quartier'' terpadat di Monako adalah [[Monte Carlo]], dan ''Ward'' terpadat adalah [[Larvotto|Larvotto/Bas Moulins]].<ref name="Recensement">{{cite web |url=http://cloud.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/e89a6190e96cbd1fc1256f7f005dbe6e/64a1643c86f9f661c12575ae004cc473/$FILE/ATTW9ZI8/Recensement2008_p8-9.pdf |title=Plan General De La Principaute De Monaco |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Monaco terkenal dengan [[reklamasi tanah|reklamasi tanahnya]], yang telah meningkat ukurannya [[Reklamasi tanah di Monako|sekitar 20%]]. Proyek reklamasi tanah yang sekarang meliputi, memperluas distrik [[Fontvieille, Monako|Fontvieille]] sekitar {{convert|0.08|km²|abbr=on}} atau 8 ha (19.8 akre).<ref name="telegraph">{{cite news|last=Samuel |first=Henry |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/monaco/6894991/Monaco-to-build-into-the-sea-to-create-more-space.html |title=Monaco to build into the sea to create more space |publisher=Telegraph |date=28 December 2009 |accessdate=22 March 2012 |location=London}}</ref><ref name="OpenDoc">{{cite web| author=Robert BOUHNIK |url=http://cloud.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/3952ae296ac3807cc1256f73002bd426gb?OpenDocument&6Gb&Count=10000 |title=Home > Files and Reports > Public works(Gb) |publisher=Cloud.gouv.mc |date=19 October 2010 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://royalopinions.proboards.com/index.cgi?action=display&board=currentmonaco&thread=192&page=5 |title=Royal Opinions - Social, Political, & Economical Affairs of Monaco |publisher=Royalopinions.proboards.com |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref><ref name="Extension">{{cite web| author=Robert BOUHNIK |url=http://cloud.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/1ddf179c1910b5fbc1256fc60036dcc6gb?OpenDocument&Count=10000&InfoChap=%20Files%20and%20Reports&InfoSujet=2002%20Archives%20-%20Extension%20of%20%22La%20Condamine%20Port%22&6Gb |title=Home > Files and Reports > Public works > 2002 Archives&nbsp;— Extension of "La Condamine Port"(Gb) |publisher=Cloud.gouv.mc |date=19 October 2010 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.econostrum.info/Monaco-remet-sur-le-tapis-le-projet-d-extension-en-mer_a9166.html |title=Monaco remet sur le tapis le projet d’extension en mer |publisher=Econostrum.info |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref>

 

 

Here Are The World's Most Expensive Real Estate Markets|publisher=Business Insider|date=March 7, 2013|accessdate=March 7, 2013}}</ref> According to the [[CIA World Factbook]], Monaco has the world's [[List of countries by poverty|lowest poverty rate]],<ref name="theodora"/> and the highest number of millionaires and billionaires per capita in the world.<ref>{{cite news|last=Alleyne |first=Richard |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1565068/Prince-Albert-We-want-more-for-Monaco.html |title=Prince Albert: We want more for Monaco |publisher=Telegraph |date=4 October 2007 |accessdate=22 March 2012 |location=London}}</ref><ref name="dailymail1">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1132957/Piers-Morgans-Monte-The-tax-haven-jewels-real-orgasms-fake.html |title=Piers Morgan's full Monte! The tax haven where the jewels are real and the orgasms are fake &#124; Mail Online |publisher=Dailymail.co.uk |date=31 January 2009 |accessdate=28 May 2012 |location=London}}</ref>

 

[[File:Monaco Place d Armes.jpg|thumb|''Place d'Armes'' di [[La Condamine]].]]

[[File:Monaco-FrancoisGrimaldi.jpg|220px|thumb|upright|Patung [[François Grimaldi]], "''il Malizia''" ("yang licik"), menyamar sebagai pendeta dengan belati tersembunyi di bawah jubahnya]]

Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref>

 

 

 

Pada 1793, Revolutionary forces captured Monaco and it remained under direct French control until 1814, when the Grimaldis returned to the throne.<ref name="monacoangebote.de"/> The principality was reestablished that year, only to be designated a protectorate of the [[Kingdom of Sardinia]] by the [[Congress of Vienna]] in 1815.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monte-carlo.mc/en/general/important-dates/ |title=Important dates - Monaco Monte-Carlo |publisher=Monte-carlo.mc |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Monaco remained in this position until 1860 when, by the [[Treaty of Turin]], the Sardinian forces pulled out of the principality and the surrounding county of [[Nice]] (as well as [[Savoy]]) was ceded to France.<ref name="infoplease1">{{cite web |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0859729.html |title=24 X 7 |publisher=Infoplease.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Monaco became a French protectorate once again. Prior to this time there was unrest in [[Menton]] and [[Roquebrune-Cap-Martin|Roquebrune]] where the townspeople had become weary of heavy taxation by the Grimaldis. They declared their independence, hoping for annexation by Sardinia, France protested. The unrest continued until [[Charles III of Monaco|Charles III]] gave up his claim to the two mainland towns, (some 95% of the principality at the time) which had been ruled by the Grimaldis for over 500 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.accesspropertiesmonaco.com/en/histoire |title=History of the Principality of Monaco - Access Properties Monaco - Real-estate Agency Monaco |publisher=Access Properties Monaco |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> These were ceded to France in return for 4,100,000 francs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://monacodc.org/monhistory.html |title=History of Monaco |publisher=Monacodc.org |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> The transfer and Monaco's sovereignty was recognized by the [[Franco-Monegasque Treaty|Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861]]. In 1869, the principality stopped collecting income tax from its residents—an indulgence the Grimaldis could afford to entertain thanks solely to the extraordinary success of the casino.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monaco-mairie.mc/principaute-monaco-monte-carlo/ |title=Histoire de la Principauté - Monaco - Mairie de Monaco - Ma ville au quotidien - Site officiel de la Mairie de Monaco |publisher=Monaco-mairie.mc |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> This made Monaco not only a playground for the rich, but a favoured place for them to live.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/europe/monaco.htm |title=MONACO |publisher=Tlfq.ulaval.ca |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>

 

=== Abad ke-20 ===

 

Hingga [[Revolusi Monegasque]] of 1910 forced the adoption of the 1911 constitution, the [[List of rulers of Monaco|princes of Monaco]] were [[Absolute monarchy|absolute rulers]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/2530539.stm |title=Monaco timeline |publisher=BBC News |date=28 March 2012 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> The new constitution, however, barely reduced the autocratic rule of the Grimaldis and in any case Albert I soon suspended it.

Following a period of official mourning, Prince Albert II formally assumed the princely crown on 12 July 2005,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.palais.mc/monaco/palais-princier/english/h.s.h.-prince-albert-ii/biography/biography.391.html |title=Biography - Prince’s Palace of Monaco |publisher=Palais.mc |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> in a celebration that began with a solemn [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] at [[Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Monaco|Saint Nicholas Cathedral]], where his father had been buried three months earlier. His accession to the Monegasque throne was a two-step event, with a further ceremony, drawing heads of state for an elaborate ''Levée'', held on 18 November 2005, at the historic [[Prince's Palace of Monaco|Prince's Palace]] in [[Monaco-Ville]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.montecarlosbm.com/luxury-trip-monaco/visit-monaco/monaco-history/ |title=History of Monaco, Grimaldi family |publisher=Monte-Carlo SBM |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>

 

Monaco has been governed under a [[constitutional monarchy]] since 1911, with the [[Prince of Monaco|Sovereign Prince of Monaco]] as [[head of state]]. The [[Executive (government)|executive branch]] consists of a [[Minister of State (Monaco)|Minister of State]] as the [[head of government]], who presides over a five-member [[Council of Government]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monaco-iq.com/politics |title=Politics |publisher=Monaco-IQ |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Until 2002, the Minister of State was a French citizen appointed by the prince from among candidates proposed by the French government; since a constitutional amendment in 2002, the Minister of State can be French or Monegasque.<ref name="state1"/> However, Prince Albert II appointed, on 3 March 2010, the Frenchman [[Michel Roger]] as Minister of State.<ref name="monaco-consulate1">{{cite web |url=http://www.monaco-consulate.com/index.php/about/history/ |title=History « Consulate General of Monaco |publisher=Monaco-consulate.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>

 

Under the 1962 constitution, the prince shares his [[veto power]] with the [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] [[National Council of Monaco|National Council]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://globaledge.msu.edu/Countries/Monaco/government |title=Monaco: Government >> globalEDGE: Your source for Global Business Knowledge |publisher=Globaledge.msu.edu |date=4 October 2004 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> The 24 member National Council are elected for five-year terms; 16 are chosen through a majority electoral system and 8 by proportional representation.<ref name="freedomhouse1">{{cite web |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2011/monaco |title=Monaco |publisher=Freedom House |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> All legislation requires the approval of the National Council, which is currently dominated by the central-right [[Union for Monaco|Union of Monaco]] (UPM), who hold twenty-one seats.<ref name="freedomhouse1"/> The only other party represented in the National Council is the right-wing [[National and Democratic Union|Rally and Issues for Monaco]] (REM), which holds just three seats.<ref name="freedomhouse1"/> The principality's city affairs are directed by the [[Communal Council of Monaco|Communal Council]],<ref name=autogenerated3>[http://www.monacohebdo.mc/4786-deux-listes-pour-une-mairie Deux listes pour une mairie]</ref> which consists of fourteen elected members and is presided over by a mayor.<ref>[http://www.monaco-mairie.mc/elus-monaco/ Les Élus]</ref> Unlike the National Council, councillors are elected for four-year terms,<ref>[http://www.monaco-mairie.mc/mairie-monaco/le-conseil-communal/ La Mairie > Le Conseil Communal]</ref> and are strictly [[non-partisan]], however, [[Opposition (politics)|oppositions]] inside the council frequently form.<ref name=autogenerated3 /><ref>[http://www.nicematin.com/article/actualites/elections-communales-a-monaco-vingt-quatre-candidats-en-lice.460784.html Élections communales à Monaco: vingt-quatre candidats en lice]</ref>

 

 

==== Ikhtisar ====

An additional ward was planned by new land reclamation to be settled beginning in 2014;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.west8.nl/projects/landscape/cape_grace_monaco/ |title=West 8 Urban Design & Landscape Architecture / projects / Cape Grace, Monaco |publisher=West8.nl |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> but Prince Albert II announced in his 2009 New Year Speech that he had ended plans due to the current economic climate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityoutmonaco.com/monaco-property/articles/tourodeon2 |title=The new Monaco skyline |publisher=CityOut Monaco |date=17 March 2010 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> However, Prince Albert II in mid-2010 firmly restarted the program.<ref>{{cite news|last=Samuel |first=Henry |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/monaco/6894991/Monaco-to-build-into-the-sea-to-create-more-space.html |title=Monaco to build into the sea to create more space |publisher=Telegraph |date=28 December 2009 |accessdate=28 May 2012 |location=London}}</ref><ref name="cityoutmonaco.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.cityoutmonaco.com/monaco-property/articles/monacoprince |title=Prince speaks of future developments |publisher=CityOut Monaco |date=29 December 2009 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>

 

 

The four traditional ''Quartiers'' of Monaco are: [[Monaco-Ville]], [[La Condamine]], [[Monte Carlo]] and [[Fontvieille, Monaco|Fontvieille]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Europe/Monaco.html |title=Monaco - Location and size, Population, Agriculture, Tourism, International trade, Working conditions |publisher=Nationsencyclopedia.com |date=2 July 2011 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/Larvotto |title=Dictionary - Definition of Larvotto |publisher=Websters-online-dictionary.org |date=1 March 2008 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> However, the [[suburb]] of [[Moneghetti]], the high-level part of La Condamine, is generally seen today as an effective fifth ''Quartier'' of the Monaco, having a very distinct atmosphere and topography when compared with low-level La Condamine.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitmonaco.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=Page.viewPage&pageId=16 |title=Tourist Board official website |publisher=Visitmonaco.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>

 

 

Currently Monaco is subdivided into ten ''Wards'', with their official numbers; either [[Fontvieille II]] or [[Le Portier]], would become the effective eleventh ward, if built:<ref name="cityoutmonaco.com"/><ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web|author=Nom (obligatoire) |url=http://www.monacohebdo.mc/9156-extension-en-mer-fontvieille-ou-larvotto |title=Extension en mer : Fontvieille ou Larvotto ? &#124; Monaco Hebdo |publisher=Monacohebdo.mc |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://statoids.com/umc.html |title=Monaco Commune |publisher=Statoids.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>

''Note: for statistical purposes, the Wards of Monaco are further subdivided into 178 [[city block]]s (îlots), which are comparable to the [[census block]]s in the United States''.<ref name="Recensement"/>

 

[[File:Palace guard in Monaco.jpg|thumb|250px|Palace guard in Monaco, just before the [[Guard Mounting|Changing of the Guard]].]]

 

There is also a small [[Military of Monaco|military force]]. This consists of a bodyguard unit for the Prince and the palace in [[Monaco-Ville]] called the [[Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince]] (Prince's Company of Carabiniers), which is equipped with modern weapons such as [[M16A2 rifle]]s and 9&nbsp;mm pistols (Glock 17),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.palais.mc/monaco/palais-princier/english/sovereign-house/the-palace-guards/the-palace-guards.453.html |title=The Palace Guards - Prince’s Palace of Monaco |publisher=Palais.mc |date=27 January 2011 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> and which together with the militarized, armed fire and civil defence Corps (Sapeurs-Pompiers) forms Monaco's total public forces.<ref>http://www.pompiers.gouv.mc/321/wwwnew.nsf/1909!/x1Fr?OpenDocument&1Fr</ref> The ''[[Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince]]'' was created by Prince [[Honoré IV, Prince of Monaco|Honoré IV]] in 1817 for the protection of the Principality and the Princely family. The company numbers exactly 116 officers and men; while the [[non-commissioned officer|NCOs]] and soldiers are local, the officers have generally served in the [[French Army]]. In addition to their guard duties as described, the Carabiniers patrol the Principality's beaches and coastal waters.

 

 

Monaco is a sovereign [[city state]], with 5 ''Quartiers'' and 10 ''Wards'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://monaco.me/monaco/monaco-districts/ |title=Monaco Districts &#124; Monaco |publisher=Monaco.me |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> located on the [[French Riviera]] in [[Western Europe]]. It is bordered by [[France]] on three sides, with one side bordering the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. Its center is about {{convert|16|km|abbr=on}} from [[Italy]] and only {{convert|13|km|abbr=on}} south east of [[Nice, France]].<ref name="cia"/> It has an area of {{convert|2.02|km²|abbr=on}} or 202 ha (499 acres) and a population of 36,371,<ref name="imsee.mc"/> making Monaco the [[List of countries by land area|second smallest]] and the most [[List of countries by population density|densely populated country in the world]].<ref name="cia"/> Having a [[land border]] of only {{convert|4.4|km|abbr=on}}, a [[coastline]] of {{convert|4.1|km|abbr=on}}, a [[Maritime boundary|maritime claim]] that extends {{Convert|22.2|km|mi|1}}, and a width that varies between {{convert|1.7|km|abbr=on}} and 349 m (382 yards), Monaco is unique.

The highest point in the country is a narrow pathway named [[Chemin des Révoires]] on the slopes of [[Mont Agel]], in the [[Les Révoires]] district, 161 meters (528&nbsp;feet) [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]].<ref name="archeoalpimaritimi"/> The lowest point in the country is the Mediterranean Sea, at [[sea level]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/monaco |title=Monaco: City Guide, weather and facts galore from |publisher=Answers.com |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/highlow.htm |title=Highest and lowest points in countries islands oceans of the world |publisher=Worldatlas.com |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> [[Saint-Jean brook|Saint-Jean]] is the longest flowing body of water, around {{convert|0.19|km|mi|abbr=in}} in length, and [[Fontvieille lake|Fontvieille]] is the largest lake, approximately {{convert|0.5|ha|acre|2|abbr=on}} in size.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&cp=5&gs_id=28&xhr=t&q=monaco&safe=off&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&biw=1366&bih=704&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wl |title=Monaco |publisher=Google Maps|date=|accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> Monaco's most populated ''Quartier'' is [[Monte Carlo]], and the most populated ''Ward'' is [[Larvotto|Larvotto/Bas Moulins]].<ref name="Recensement"/> After a recent expansion of [[Port Hercules]],<ref name="Extension"/> Monaco's total area grew to {{convert|2.02|km²|abbr=on}} or 202 ha (499 acres),<ref name="Recensement"/> consequently, new plans have been approved to extend the district of [[Fontvieille, Monaco|Fontvieille]], with land [[Reclaimed land|reclaimed]] from the Mediterranean Sea.<ref name="telegraph"/><ref name="OpenDoc"/> There are two [[port]]s in Monaco, [[Port Hercules|Hercules]] and [[Port Fontvieille|Fontvieille]], as well as the neighboring French port of [[Cap d'Ail]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ports-monaco.com/lang-en.html |title=Presentation |publisher=Ports-monaco.com |date=1 January 2006 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> Monaco's only [[natural resource]] is [[fishing]];<ref>{{cite web| author= |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nyIYViMSlOE |title=Prince Albert of Monaco interview on fishing issues |publisher=YouTube |date=30 June 2011 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> with almost the entire country being an [[urban area]], Monaco lacks any sort of commercial [[agriculture|agriculture industry]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://geography.about.com/od/monacomaps/a/monacogeography.htm |title=Geography of Monaco - Learn about the Famous Resort Country of Monaco |publisher=Geography.about.com |date=9 May 1949 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref>

 

Monaco has a warm-summer [[Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: Csa), which is influenced by the [[oceanic climate]] and the [[humid subtropical climate]]. As a result, it has warm, dry summers and mild, rainy winters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldtravelguide.net/monaco/weather-climate-geography |title=Monaco weather, climate and geography |publisher=Worldtravelguide.net |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> Cool and rainy interludes can interrupt the dry summer season, the average length of which is also shorter. Summer afternoons are infrequently hot (indeed, temperatures > {{convert|30|°C|°F|disp=or}} are rare) as the atmosphere is temperate because of constant sea breezes. On the other hand, the nights are very mild, due to the fairly high temperature of the sea in summer. Generally, temperatures do not drop below {{convert|20|°C}} in this season. In the winter, frosts and snowfalls are extremely rare and generally occur once or twice every ten years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.montecarlodailyphoto.com/2009/12/snow-in-casino-square.html |title=Snow in Casino Square! |publisher=Monte Carlo Daily Photo |date=19 December 2009 |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visitmonaco.com/us/About-Monaco/Weather |title=Monaco - Weather / About Monaco / Monaco Official Site |publisher=Visitmonaco.com |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref>

 

|Dec sun = 142.6

|year sun = 2668.7

|date=September 2010

}}

== Ekonomi ==

{{Utama|Ekonomi Monako}}

Salah satu sumber utama penghasilan Monako adalah pariwisata. Setiap tahun banyak wisatawan tertarik denagn kasinonya (yang warga dilarang) dan iklim yang nyaman. Pada tahun 2001, sebuah proyek konstruksi baru yang besar memperpanjang dermaga yang digunakan oleh kapal-kapal pesiar di pelabuhan utama. Monako telah berhasil mendiversifikasi basis ekonomi dalam layanan dan kecil, nilai tambah tinggi, industri non-polusi, seperti kosmetik dan biotermik.

 

Monaco bukanlah anggota dari [[Uni Eropa]]. Meskipun demikian, it is very closely linked via a customs union with France, and as such, its currency is the same as that of France, the [[euro]]. Before 2002, Monaco minted its own coins, the [[Monegasque franc]]. Monaco has acquired the right to mint [[euro coins]] with [[Monegasque euro coins|Monegasque designs]] on its national side.

 

The plan for casino gambling was mooted during the reign of [[Florestan I, Prince of Monaco|Florestan I]] in 1846. Under Louis-Philippe's [[Petite bourgeoisie|petite-bourgeois]] regime, however, a dignitary such as a [[Prince of Monaco]] was not allowed to operate a gambling house.<ref name="state1"/> All this changed in the dissolute [[Second French Empire]] under [[Napoleon III]]. The [[House of Grimaldi]] was in dire need to generate cash. [[Menton, France|Menton]] and [[Roquebrune-Cap-Martin|Roquebrune]], which had been main source of income for the Grimaldis for centuries, now accustomed to much improved standard of living and lenient taxation thanks to Sardinian intervention, clamored for financial and political concession, even for separation. The Grimaldis hoped the newly legal industry would help alleviate the difficulties they faced, above all the crushing debt the family had incurred, but Monaco's first casino would not be ready to operate until after [[Charles III, Prince of Monaco|Charles III]] assumed the throne in 1856.

 

However, Monaco has high social insurance taxes payable by both employer and employee. The employer's contribution is between 28%–40% (averaging 35%) of gross salary including benefits and the employee pays a further 10%–14% (averaging 13%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lowtax.net/lowtax/html/jmcpetx.html|title=Monaco Personal Taxation | accessdate=28 May 2010}}</ref>

 

 

In Monaco, the euro was introduced in 2002, having been preceded by the [[Monegasque franc]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurocoins.co.uk/monaco.html |title=Monaco Euro Coins |publisher=Eurocoins.co.uk |date=1 January 2002 |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> In preparation for this date, the minting of the new euro coins started as early as 2001. Like Belgium, Finland, France, the Netherlands and Spain, Monaco decided to put the minting date on its coins. This is why the first euro coins from Monaco have the year 2001 on them, instead of 2002, like the other countries of the [[Eurozone]] that decided to put the year of first circulation (2002) on their coins.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecb.int/euro/coins/html/mo.en.html |title=ECB: Monaco |publisher=Ecb.int |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://monaco.me/monaco-coins/ |title=Monaco Coins &#124; Monaco |publisher=Monaco.me |date=1 January 2002 |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> Three different designs were selected for the Monegasque coins.<ref name="visitmonaco1">{{cite web |url=http://www.visitmonaco.com/en/Places-to-visit/Museums/The-Museum-of-Stamps-and-Coins |title=Monaco - The Museum of Stamps and Coins / Museums / Places to visit / Official site of Monaco |publisher=Visitmonaco.com |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref> However, In 2006, the design was changed after the death of ruling Prince Rainier to have the effigy of Prince Albert.<ref name="visitmonaco1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.taxfreegold.co.uk/monaco.html |title=Monagesque Gold Coins - Monaco |publisher=Taxfreegold.co.uk |date= |accessdate=22 March 2012}}</ref>

Asosiasi ''Culturelle Israélite de Monaco'' (didirikan 1948) adalah rumah konversi yang berisi sebuah sinagoga, sebuah sekolah komunitas Ibrani, dan toko makanan [[Kashrut|halal]], yang terletak di Monte Carlo.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mavensearch.com/synagogues/C3414Y41808RX |title=Synagogues in Monte Carlo - Shuls in Monte Carlo - Jewish Temples in Monte Carlo |publisher=Mavensearch.com |date=6 July 2007 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Komunitas ini (sekitar 1.000) terutama terdiri dari orang-orang pensiunan Yahudi dari Inggris (40%) dan [[Afrika Utara]]. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/rel_jew-religion-jews |title=Jews statistics - countries compared |publisher=NationMaster |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> Dua pertiga dari penduduk Yahudi adalah [[Yahudi Sephardi| Sephardi]], terutama dari [[Afrika Utara]], sementara sepertiga lainnya adalah [[Yahudi Ashkenazi|Ashkenazi]].<ref>Details at [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/monaco.html Jewish Virtual Library]</ref>

 

 

Since 1955, the [[Monaco Grand Prix]] has been held annually in the streets of Monaco.<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://www.monaco-grand-prix-ticket.com/Monaco-Grand-Prix.aspx Monaco Grand Prix 2013<!-- Bot generated title -->]{{dead link|date=September 2012}}</ref> It is widely considered to be one of the most prestigious automobile races in the world. The erection of the ''[[Circuit de Monaco]]'' takes six weeks to complete, and the removal after the race takes another three weeks.<ref name=autogenerated1 /> The circuit has many elevation changes and tight corners, along with a tunnel. This together with being incredibly narrow and tight makes it perhaps the most demanding [[Formula One]] track.<ref>{{cite web|author=liam mcmurray,lesley kazan-pinfield |url=http://www.monaco-f1grandprix.com/course.html |title=Monaco Formula One Grand Prix |publisher=Monaco-f1grandprix.com |date= |accessdate=6 September 2012}}</ref> Only two drivers have ever crashed into the harbour, the most famous being [[Alberto Ascari]] in the [[1955 Monaco Grand Prix]], just four days before losing his life at [[Monza]]. The other was [[Paul Hawkins (racing driver)|Paul Hawkins]], during the [[1965 Monaco Grand Prix]].<ref name=autogenerated1 />

 

2012 marked the return of the Monte Carlo Rally to the WRC calendar with the event taking place from the 20–22 January 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wrc.com/news/2012-world-rally-championship-events-announced/?fid=14515 |title=World Rally Championship - News - 2012 World Rally Championship events announced |publisher=wrc.com |date=27 April 2012 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>

 

Monaco hosts two major football teams in the principality; men's football club [[AS Monaco FC]], and women's football club ''OS Monaco''. AS Monaco plays at the [[Stade Louis II]], and competes in [[Ligue 1]], the first division of [[French football]]. The club is historically one of the most successful clubs in France. However, it suffered relegation in the 2010–11 season. Because of the popular appeal of living in Monaco, and the lack of income tax, many international stars have played for the club, such as [[Marcelo Gallardo]], [[Jürgen Klinsmann]], [[Oliver Bierhoff]], [[George Weah]], [[John Collins (footballer born 1968)|John Collins]], [[Fernando Morientes]], [[Thierry Henry]], [[Fabien Barthez]], [[Rafael Márquez]], [[Javier Saviola]], [[Akis Zikos]], [[David Trezeguet]], [[John Arne Riise]], [[Patrice Evra]], [[Shabani Nonda]], [[Emmanuel Adebayor]], [[Eiður Guðjohnsen]], [[Jan Koller]], [[Victor Ikpeba]], [[Park Chu-Young]] and [[Mahamadou Diarra]].

 

The [[Monaco national football team]] represents the nation in [[association football]], and is controlled by the Monegasque Football Federation, the governing body for [[football in Monaco]]. However, Monaco is the only sovereign state in Europe that is not a member of [[UEFA]], and so does not take part in any [[UEFA European Football Championship]] or [[FIFA World Cup]] competitions. The team play their home matches in the Stade Louis II.

 

[[Monaco national rugby union team|Monaco's national rugby team]], as of March 2012, is 90th in the [[International Rugby Board]] rankings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irb.com/rankings/full.html |title=International Rugby Board - World Rankings: Full world rankings |publisher=Irb.com |date= |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref>

 

The [[Monte-Carlo Masters]] is currently held annually in neighbouring [[Roquebrune-Cap-Martin]], France, as a professional tournament for men as part of tennis' [[ATP World Tour Masters 1000|ATP Masters Series]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.monte-carlorolexmasters.com/About/Tournament-Fact-Sheet.aspx |title=Tennis - Tournament Fact Sheet |publisher=Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters |date=30 September 2011 |accessdate=28 May 2012}}</ref> The tournament has been held since 1897. Golf's [[Monte Carlo Open (golf)|Monte Carlo Open]] was also held at the Monte Carlo Golf Club at Mont Agel in France between 1984 and 1992. Monaco has also [[Monaco at the Olympics|competed]] in the Olympic Games, although, as of 2012, no athlete from Monaco has ever won an Olympic medal.

 

{{Reflist|30em}}

 

{{Sister project links|voy=Monaco}}

; Pemerintah

| Northeast = {{flag|Perancis}}

| East = [[Laut Tengah]]

| South = [[Laut Tengah]]]

| West = {{flag|Perancis}}

| Northwest = {{flag|Perancis}}