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Baris 1: {{about\|tudung es kutub secara umum\|tudung es Bumi\|tumpukan es kutub}} [[File:Mars, as seen by the Hubble Telescope.jpg\|thumb\|right\|~~300px~~250px\|Tudung es kutub [[Mars]] dilihat dari [[Hubble Telescope]]]] '''Tudung es kutub''' adalah wilayah [[lintang utara]] suatu [[planet]] atau [[satelit alami]] yang tertutup [[es]].<ref>[http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/words/letter.pl?P The National Snow and Ice Data Center Glossary]</ref> Tidak ada aturan soal ukuran atau komposisi badan es agar bisa disebut tudung es kutub. Tidak ada pula aturan geologi bahwa esnya harus berada di daratan. Satu-satunya syarat pasti adalah badan zat padat yang terletak di [[wilayah kutub]]. Ini menyebabkan istilah "tudung es kutub" salah pakai, karena kata [[tudung es]] itu sendiri memiliki beberapa syarat seperti letaknya harus di daratan dan memiliki luas kurang dari 50.000 km², lebih besar daripada itu disebut [[lembar es]]. Baris 43: ===Kutub Selatan=== [[File:Antarctica 6400px from Blue Marble.jpg\|thumb\|~~200px~~250px\|right\|Citra satelit komposit Antarktika]] Massa daratan [[kutub selatan]] Bumi, [[Antarktika]], tertutupi oleh [[lembar es Antarktika]]. Tudung es ini menduduki wilayah seluas 14,6 juta km² dan mengandung 25–30 juta km³ es. Sekitar 70% [[air tawar]] di Bumi tersimpan di lembar es ini (lihat [[iklim Antarktika]]). Baris 56: }} </ref> ~~===Historical cases===~~ Over the past several decades Earth’s polar ice caps have gained a significant amount of attention due to their alarming decrease in landmass. [[NASA]] reports that sea ice in the Arctic has been declining at a rate of nine percent per decade for the past 30 years. "Warming trends like those found in these studies could greatly affect ocean processes, which, in turn, impact Arctic and global climate."<ref>{{cite web \|last=Thompson\|first=Elvia\|title=Recent Warming of Arctic May Affect Worldwide Climate \|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2003/1023esuice.html \|publisher=[[NASA]] \|accessdate=2 October 2012}}</ref> Due to polar ice caps current rate of decline, there have been many investigations and discoveries on glacier dynamics and their influence on the world’s climate. In the early 1950s, scientists and engineers from the US Army began drilling into polar ice caps for geological insight. These studies resulted in “nearly forty years of research experience and achievements in deep polar ice core drillings… and established the fundamental drilling technology for retrieving deep ice cores for climatologic archives.” <ref>{{cite journal\|last=Langway\|first=Chester\|title=The history of early polar ice cores, Cold Regions Science and Technology\|year=2008\|month=April\|volume=52\|issue=2\|pages=101–117}}</ref> Polar ice caps have been used to not only track current climate patterns, but also patterns over the past several thousands years due to traces of CO2 and CH4 found trapped in the ice. In the past decade, polar ice caps have shown their most rapid decline in size with no true sign of recovery. Josefino Comiso, a senior research scientist at NASA, found that the “rate of warming in the Arctic over the last 20 years is eight times the rate of warming over the last 100 years.”<ref>{{cite web \|last=Thompson \|first=Elvia \|title=Recent Warming of Arctic May Affect Worldwide Climate \|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2003/1023esuice.html \|publisher=[[NASA]] \|accessdate=2 October 2012}}</ref> In September 2012, sea ice reached its smallest size ever. Journalist John Vidal stated that sea ice is "700,000 sq km below the previous minimum of 4.17m sq km set in 2007".<ref>{{cite web \|last=Videl \|first=John \|title=Arctic Ice Shrinks 18% against Record, Sounding Climate Change Alarm Bells \|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/sep/19/arctic-ice-shrinks \|work=[[The Guardian]] \|location=London \|accessdate=3 October 2012}}</ref> ==Mars== {{main\|Planum Australe\|Planum Boreum}} [[File:Mars NPArea-PIA00161 modest.jpg\|right\|200px\|thumb\|[[Wilayah kutub utara [[Mars]] dengan tudung esnya. Gambar komposit dari wahana [[Viking 1]] ([[NASA]]/[[JPL]]-Caltech).]] Selain Bumi, planet [[Mars]] juga memiliki tudung es kutub. Tudung es tersebut didominasi es air dengan sekian persen debu.<ref>{{cite journal \| title=North polar deposits of Mars: Extreme purity of the water ice \| author=Grima, Cyril G.; Kofman, W.; Mouginot, J.; Phillips, R. J.; Herique, A.; Biccardi, D.; Seu, R.; Cutigni, M. \| journal=Geophysical Research Letters \| volume=36 \| year=2009 \| url=http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2009/2008GL036326.shtml \| doi=10.1029/2008GL036326 \| issue=3 }}</ref> Karbon dioksida beku mewakili sebagian kecil permanen [[Planum Australe]] atau Deposit Lapisan Kutub Selatan. Di kedua belahan, [[karbon dioksida]] beku mengendap saat musim dingin dan [[sublimasi (fisika)\|menyublim]] saat musim semi.

Tudung es kutub: Perbedaan antara revisi