Hilel: Perbedaan antara revisi
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== His position ==
According to the [[Mishnah]] Hillel went to Jerusalem with the intention of studying Biblical exposition and tradition at the age of 40 in 70 BCE. The difficulties Hillel had to overcome to gain admittance to the school of [[Sh'maya (Mishnah)|Sh'maya]] and [[Abtalion]], and the hardships he suffered while pursuing his aim, are told in a touching passage (Talmud, tractate Yoma 35b), the ultimate purpose of which is to show that poverty cannot be considered as an obstacle to the study of [[Torah]]. Some time later, Hillel succeeded in settling a question concerning the sacrificial ritual in a manner that showed his superiority over the ''Benei Betheira'' (literally, sons of ''Betheira''), who were at that time the heads of the ''[[Sanhedrin]]''. On that occasion, it is narrated, they voluntarily resigned their position as ''[[Nasi (Yahudi)|Nasi]]'' (President) in favor of Hillel. After the resignation of the ''Benei Betheira'', Hillel was recognized as the highest authority among the [[Pharisee]]s (predecessors to [[Rabbinic Judaism]]). Hillel was the head of the great school, at first associated with Menachem, a scholar mentioned in no other connection, afterward with [[Shammai]], Hillel's peer in the teaching of [[Jewish Law]].
Whatever Hillel's position, his authority was sufficient to introduce those decrees handed down in his name. The most famous of his enactments was the ''[[Pruzbul]]'', (προσβολή), an institution that, in spite of the law concerning cancellation of debts in the Sabbatical year (Deut. xv) ensured the repayment of loans. The motive for this institution was the "[[tikkun olam|repair of the world]]", i.e., of the social order, because this legal innovation protected both the creditor against the loss of his property, and the needy against being refused the loan of money for fear of loss. A likewise tendency is found in another of Hillel's institutions, having reference to the sale of houses. These two are the only institutions handed down in Hillel's name, although the words that introduce the ''pruzbul'' show that there were others. Hillel's judicial activity may be inferred from the decision by which he confirmed the legitimacy of some Alexandrians whose origin was disputed, by interpreting the marriage document ([[Jewish view of marriage|ketubah]]) of their mother in her favor (Tosef., Ket. iv 9; B. M. 104a). Of other official acts no mention is found in the sources.
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{{succession box | before = [[Sh'maya (Mishnah)|Sh'maya]]| title = [[Nasi (Yahudi)|Nasi]] | years = c. 31
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{{Mishnah tree}}
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