Busur panjang Inggris: Perbedaan antara revisi
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←Membuat halaman berisi 'thumb|350px|[[Busur panjang Inggriis dengan ukuran panjang 6 kaki 6 inci (2 m).]] '''Busur panjang Inggris''', disebut ...' |
pindahan dari Pemanah panjang |
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[[Berkas:Englishlongbow.jpg|thumb|350px|
[[Berkas:Battle of crecy froissart.jpg|thumb|300px|Ilustrasi [[Pertempuran Crécy]]. Pemanah dengan busur panjang Anglo-Welsh melawan pasukan [[pembunuh bayaran]] [[Itali]] bersenjatakan [[busur silang]].]]
'''Busur panjang Inggris''', disebut juga '''busur panjang Wales''', adalah jenis [[busur panjang]] [[Abad Pertengahan]] yang kuat yang banyak digunakan oleh [[bangsa Inggris|orang Inggris]] dan [[Bangsa Wales|orang Wales]] untuk [[perburuan|berburu]] dan sebagai [[senjata]] dalam [[peperangan Abad Pertengahan]]. Penggunaan busur panjang oleh orang Inggris yang paling efektif adalah ketika melawan [[bangsa Prancis|Prancis]] ddalam [[Perang Seratus Tahun]], khususnya pada permulaan perang dalam [[Pertempuran Crécy]] pada tahun 1346 dan [[Pertempuran Poitiers (1356)|Pertempuran Poitiers]] pada tahun 1356, dan paling terkenal pada [[Pertempuran Agincourt]] pada tahun 1415. Setelah itu busur panjang menjadi kurang sukes, dengan para pemanah busur panjang mengalami kerugian pada [[Pertempuran Verneuil]] pada tahun 1424, dan sepenuhnya dipukul mundur pada [[Pertempuran Patay]] pada tahun 1429 ketika mereka diserang sebelum sempat membuat posisi pertahanan.▼
▲'''Busur panjang Inggris''', disebut juga '''busur panjang Wales''', adalah jenis [[busur panjang]] [[Abad Pertengahan]] yang kuat yang banyak digunakan oleh [[bangsa Inggris|orang Inggris]] dan [[Bangsa Wales|orang Wales]] untuk [[perburuan|berburu]] dan sebagai [[senjata]] dalam [[peperangan Abad Pertengahan]].
Temuan busur panjang terawal berasal dari Inggris, tepatnya di [[Ashcott|Ashcott Heath]], [[Somerset]], yang bertanggal 2665 SM,<ref>{{harvnb|Bacon|1971|p=16}}</ref> namun tidak ada busur panjang yang tersisa dari masa ketika busur panjang terkenal (sek. 1250–1450 M),<ref name=kaiser-1980>{{harvnb|Kaiser|1980}}</ref> kemungkinan karena busur menjadi lemah, patah dan diganti, dan bukannya diwariskan kepada generasi selanjutnya.<ref>{{harvnb|Levick|1992}}</ref> Akan tetapi, lebih dari 130 busur tersisa dari periode [[Renaisans]]. Lebih dari 3,500 panah dan 137 busur panjang ditemukan di ''[[Mary Rose]]'', kapal [[Henry VIII dari Inggris|Henry VIII]] yang tenggelam di [[Portsmouth]] pada tahun 1545.▼
▲
== Catatan kaki ==▼
{{reflist}}
==Referensi==
[[Kategori:Busur]]▼
;Buku
*{{Cite book|ref=harvb |last=Andrzejewski |first=Stanislaw |year=2003 |origyear=1954|title=Military organization and society |isbn= 978-0-415-17680-4}}
*{{Cite book|ref=harv |last=Auden |first=Thomas |year=2008|title=Memorials of Old Shropshire|publisher=Read Books |isbn=1-4097-6478-8}}
*{{Cite book|ref=harv |last=Bacon |first=Edward |year=1971 |title=Archaeology: Discoveries in the 1960s|publisher=Praeger|location=New York |isbn=0-304-93635-9}}
*{{Cite book|ref=harv |last=Bradbury |first=Jim |authorlink=Jim Bradbury |title=The Medieval Archer |publisher=The Boydell Press |year=1985 |isbn=0-85115-194-9}}
*{{Cite book|ref=harv |last=Barker |first=Juliet |authorlink=Juliet Barker |year=2006|title=Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle That Made England |publisher=Little, Brown and Co |isbn=0-316-01503-2}}
*{{Cite book|ref=harv |last=Conan Doyle |first=Arthur |authorlink=Arthur Conan Doyle|date=1 May 1997|url=http://www.gutenberg.net/etext/903 |title=The White Company |publisher=[[Project Gutenberg]]}}
*{{cite book |title=Bowmen of England |last=Featherstone |first=Donald |authorlink=Donald Featherstone (wargamer) |coauthors= |year=1973 |origyear=1967|publisher=New English Library |location=London |oclc= |isbn=9780450016264 |page= |pages= |url= |accessdate=}}
*{{Cite book|ref=harv |last=Hageneder |first=F. |year=2007 |title=Yew: A History | publisher=Sutton Publishing |isbn=978-0-7509-4597-4}}
*{{cite book |title=Archery : A Military History |last=Heath |first= E.G. |year=1980|publisher=Osprey |location=London |isbn=0850453534}}
*{{Cite book|ref=harv |last=Heath |first=E.G.|year=??|title=The Grey Goose Wing|page=134|origyear=1972}}
*{{Cite book|ref=harv |last=Kruschke |first=Earl Roger |year=1985 |title=The right to keep and bear arms: a continuing American dilemma|publisher=C.C. Thomas Publishing Co|isbn=0-398-05141-0}}
*{{Cite book|ref=harv |last=Longman |first=C.J.|last2=Walrond |first2=H. |year=1967 |title=Archery |location=New York |publisher=Fiederick Ungar Publishing Co.}}
*{{Cite book|ref=harv |last=Oakeshott |first=R. Ewart |year=1960 |title=The Archaeology of Weapons |location=London |publisher=Lutterworth Press}}
*{{Cite book|ref=harv |last=Pope|first=Saxton |authorlink=Saxton Pope|year=2003|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext05/8hbow10.txt|title=Hunting with the Bow and Arrow | publisher= Project Gutenberg EBook}}
*{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Rothero|first=Christopher|title=The Scottish and Welsh wars, 1250–1400|series=Men at Arms|year=1984|publisher=Osprey|location=London|isbn=0-85045-542-1}}
*{{cite book|ref=harvb |last=Sellman|first=Roger|title=Mediaeval English Warfare|year=1964|publisher=Methuen|location=London|isbn=978-0-416-63620-8}}
*{{Cite book|ref=harv |last=Strickland |first=Matthew |author2-link=Robert Hardy |first2=Robert |last2=Hardy |year=2005 |title=The Great Warbow: From Hastings to the Mary Rose |publisher=Sutton Publishing |isbn=0-7509-3167-1}}
*{{Cite book|ref=harvb |last=Trevelyan |first=G. M. |year=2008 |title=English Social History – A Survey of Six Centuries – Chaucer to Queen Victoria |publisher=READ BOOKS |isbn=978-1-4437-2095-3}}
;Jurnal
*{{cite journal|ref=harv|last=Cummins|first=Josephine|date=November 2006|title=Saving Prince Hal: maxillo-facial surgery, 1403|journal=Dental History Magazine|publisher=History of Dentistry Research Group, University of Glasgow|location=Glasgow, Scotland|issue=19|issn=1756-1728|url=http://historyofdentistry.co.uk/index_htm_files/2006Nov3.pdf|accessdate =19 August 2012}}
*{{Cite journal|ref=harv |last=Kaiser |first=Robert E. |title=Medieval Military Surgery |journal=Medieval History Magazine|volume=1 |issue=4 |date=December 2003}}
*{{Cite journal|ref=harv |last=Kaiser |first=Robert E. |url=http://margo.student.utwente.nl/sagi/artikel/longbow/longbow.html |title=The Medieval English Longbow |journal=Journal of the Society of Archer-Antiquaries |volume=23 |year=1980}}
*{{Cite journal|ref=harv |last=Rogers|first=Clifford J. |title=The development of the longbow in late medieval England and "technological determinism"|journal=Journal of Medieval History |volume=37|issue= 3 |year=2011}}
;Other
*{{Cite web|ref=harv |last=Levick |first=Ben |year=1992 |url=http://www.regia.org/SaxonArchery.htm |title=They Didn't Have Bows, Did They? |publisher= [http://www.regia.org/ Regia Anglorum Publications] 2002}}
==Bacaan lanjutan==
;Buku
*{{Citation |first1=Steve |last1=Allely |coauthors=''et al'' |year=2000 |origyear=1992 |editor-first=Jim |editor-last=Hamm |title=The Traditional Bowyers Bible |volume=1 |publisher=The Lyons Press |isbn=1-59921-453-9}}
*{{Citation |first1=G. Fred |last1=Aspel |coauthors=''et al'' |year=2000 |origyear=1993 |editor-first=Jim |editor-last=Hamm|title=The Traditional Bowyers Bible |volume=2 |publisher=The Lyons Press |isbn=1-58574-086-1}}
*{{Citation |first1=Tim |last1=Baker |coauthors=''et al'' |year=2000 |origyear=1994 |editor-first=Jim |editor-last=Hamm |title=The Traditional Bowyers Bible |volume=3 |publisher=The Lyons Press |isbn=1-58574-087-X}}
*{{Citation |first1=Steve |last1=Allely |coauthors=''et al'' |year=2008 |editor-first=Jim |editor-last=Hamm |title=The Traditional Bowyers Bible |volume=4 |publisher=The Lyons Press |isbn=978-1-59921-453-5}}
*{{Citation |first=Robert |last=Hardy |title=Longbow: A Social and Military History|publisher=Patrick Stephens |year= 1992|isbn=1-85260-412-3}}
*{{Citation |first=Hugh David Hewitt|last=Soar |title=The Crooked Stick: A History of the Longbow (Weapons in History S.)|publisher=Westholme U.S. |year=2004 |isbn=1-59416-002-3}}
** [http://www.westholmepublishing.com/crookedstick.html A review] by Bernard Cornwell in [[The Times]]
;Jurnal
*Thomas Esper ''The Replacement of the Longbow by Firearms in the English Army'', Technology and Culture, Vol. VI, No. 3, 1965.
*B.W. Kooi C.A. Bergman. ''[http://www.bio.vu.nl/thb/users/kooi/kobe97.pdf PDF:An Approach to the Study of Ancient Archery using Mathematical Modelling]'', Antiquity 71:(271) 124–134 (1979)
;Lainnya
*Rulon l. Hancock. ''[http://www.usarchery.org/files/flight_longbow_rules.pdf PDF: United States National Archery Association Flight committee modern longbow flight rules]'', U.S. National Archery Association. September 2002.
*Paul Lalonde. ''[http://www.legiodraconis.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=pnSections&file=index&req=viewarticle&artid=251 A Bundle of Tudor War Arrows]'', An article about the arrows found on the Mary Rose.
*Liesl Wilhelmstochter. ''[http://www.ealdormere.sca.org/files/handbook_archeryapp1.pdf Ealdormere Archery Handbook: Section 11: Towards a more medieval archer]''
*Staff. ''[http://www.maryrose.org/ship/bows1.htm Mary Rose historical ship]'', The [[Mary Rose Trust]] – {note: BACK of bow faces enemy.}
*[http://www.all-of-a-quiver.com The Great Northwood Bowmen] Medieval Longbow Archery and re-enactment Society, re-enacting the 15th century, based in London.
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