Republik (Plato): Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Dialogues of Plato}}

'''''Republik''''' ([[bahasa Yunani kuno|Yunani]]: {{polytonic|Πολιτεία}}, ''Politeia'') adalah sebuah karya [[filsafat]] dan [[filsafat politik|teori politik]] yang berpengaruh karya [[filsafat Yunani|filsuf Yunani]], [[Plato]], yang ditulis sekitar [[360 SM]]. Buku ini ditulis dalam format [[dialog Socrates]].

Di dalam karya ini, Plato tampaknya menggunakan kata "politeia" secara lebih spesifik dalam pengertian [[bentuk pemerintahan]], setidak-tidaknya menurut [[Henry George Liddell|Liddell]] dan [[Robert Scott (philologist)|Scott]] dalam kamus mereka ''[[Greek-English Lexicon]]''.<ref>Lihat [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2384506 Laman "Politeia" dalam Henry George Liddell dan Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'' dalam situs Perseus] - dalam laman ini makna "bentuk pemerintahan" secara spesifik disebutkan untuk kata {{polytonic|πολιτεία}} yang terdapat dalam ''Republik'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plat.+Rep.+8.562a 562a] dan [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plat.+Rep.+8.544b 544b] </ref> Makna "politeia" ini biasanya tidak digunakan untuk meruuk kepada judul karya ini.

 

 

== Setting dan tokoh-tokoh dalam drama ==

While in Plato's ''Republic'' Socrates and his friends discuss the nature of the [[city]] and are engaged in providing the foundations of every state they are living in (which was Athenian democracy, [[oligarchy]] or tyranny - in Cicero's ''De re publica'' all comments, are more parochial about (the improvement of) the organisation of the state the participants live in, which was the [[Roman Republic]] in its final stages.

 

In antiquity, Plato's works were largely acclaimed, still, some commentators had another view. [[Tacitus]], not mentioning Plato or ''The Republic'' nominally in this passage (so his critique extends, to a certain degree, to Cicero's ''Republic'' and [[Politics (Aristotle)|Aristotle's ''Politics'']] as well, to name only a few), noted the following (''[[Annals (Tacitus)|Ann.]]'' IV, 33):

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The point Tacitus develops in the paragraphs immediately preceding and following that quote is that the minute analysis and description of how a real state was governed, as he does in his ''Annals'', however boring the related facts might be (...if, for example, the regnants refuse to declench a spectacular war,...), has more practical lessons about good vs. bad governance, than philosophical treatises on the ideal form of government have.<ref>This text by Tacitus also mirrors the first paragraphs of [[Polybius]]' ''Histories'': Tacitus clearly sides with Polybius who also touts the importance of studying real history for improving knowledge on good governance - ''However'' Polybius can boast in these same opening paragraphs his story is about glorious facts and warfare; Tacitus argues the fact remains true, even if the story is ''less'' glorious. For this reason Tacitus' critique is only ''partially'' directed at [[Cicero]], who learnt not less from Polybius and war heroes like Scipio, as from the more ''philosophical/utopian'' Greek writers.</ref>

 

In the pivotal era of Rome's move from its ancient [[polytheism|polytheist]] religion to Christianity, [[Augustine of Hippo|Augustine]] wrote his magnum opus ''[[The City of God]]'': again, the references to Plato, Aristotle and Cicero and their visions of the ideal state were legion: Augustinus equally described a model of the "ideal city", in his case the eternal [[Jerusalem]], using a visionary language not unlike that of the preceding philosophers.

 

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== Rujukan ==

* Plato ''The Republic'', (New [[Cambridge University Press]] terj. bahasa Inggris) ISBN 0-521-48443-X