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{{Infobox currency
| currency_name = Drachma
| currency_name_in_local = {{lang|el|Δραχμή}}
| image_1 = Drachmas.jpg
| image_title_1 = Uang logam drachma modern
| image_2 =
| image_title_2 =
| inflation_rate = 3.1% (2000)
| inflation_source_date = [http://www.grecian.net/GREECE/facts.htm Grecian.net]
| iso_code = GRD
| using_countries = None, previously:<br />[[Greece]]
| ERM_since = March 1998
| ERM_fixed_rate_since = 19 June 2000
| euro_replace_non_cash = 1 January 2001
| euro_replace_cash = 1 January 2002
| ERM_fixed_rate = 340.750 Δρ.
| subunit_ratio_1 = 1/100
| subunit_name_1 = [[Greek lepton|leptοn]]
| symbol = Δρχ., Δρ. or ₯
| frequently_used_coins = 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 Δρ.
| rarely_used_coins = 10c, 20c, 50c, 1 and 2 Δρ.
| frequently_used_banknotes = 100, 200, 500, 1000, 5000, 10,000 Δρ.
| rarely_used_banknotes = 50 Δρ.
| issuing_authority = [[Bank of Greece]]
| issuing_authority_website = {{URL|www.bankofgreece.gr}}
| printer = [[Bank of Greece]] {{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}
| printer_website = {{URL|www.bankofgreece.gr}}
| mint= [[Bank of Greece]] {{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}
| mint_website = {{URL|www.bankofgreece.gr}}
| obsolete_notice = Y
}}
{{Special characters}}
'''Drachma''' ('''₯'''; {{lang-el|[[wikt:δραχμή|δραχμή]]}} {{IPA-el|ðraxˈmi|}}; pl. ''drachmae'' atau ''drachmas'', dibaca: "drakhma") adalah mata uang yang digunakan di [[Yunani]] dalam beberapa periode sejarahnya:
# Uang kuno yang banyak beredar di kota-kota kuno Yunani dan negara-negara penggantinya, serta di banyak kerajaan di Asia Barat Daya pada masa Helenistik. Di masa-masa sekitar [[Perjanjian Baru]], dirham adalah uang dari [[Persia]] yang beratnya kira-kira 8 gram. Sebutan ini juga digunakan untuk uang [[perak]] [[Yunani]] yang nilainya hampir sama dengan satu [[dinar]]. Dua dirham adalah bea untuk [[Bait Allah]].
# Uang Yunani modern, yang pertama diperkenalkan pada tahun 1832, dan terakhir digantikan oleh [[euro]] pada 2001 (saat itu nilai tukarnya 340,750 drakhma per 1 euro).
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# An [[Ancient Greece|ancient Greek]] currency unit issued by many [[Greek city states]] during a period of ten centuries, from the [[Archaic Greece|Archaic period]] throughout the [[Classical Greece|Classical period]], the [[Hellenistic period]] up to the [[Roman Greece|Roman period]] under [[Roman provincial currency|Greek Imperial Coinage]].
# Three [[History of modern Greece|modern Greek]] currencies, the first introduced in 1832 and the last replaced by the [[euro]] in 2001 (at the rate of 340.750 drachma to the euro). The euro did not begin circulating until 2002 but the exchange rate was fixed on 19 June 2000, with legal introduction of the euro taking place in January 2002.
It was also a small weight unit.<ref name=LSJdrachme>{{LSJ|draxmh/|δραχμή|ref}}.</ref>
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== Drachma kuno ==
[[File:Obolos2.jpg|200px|thumb|Above: Six rod-shaped obeloi (oboloi) displayed at the [[Numismatic Museum of Athens]], discovered at [[Heraion of Argos]]. Below: grasp{{refn|group=n|{{lang|grc|δράσσομαι}}, ''drassomai'', "grasp"; [[cf.]]: {{LSJ|dra/c|δράξ}}, ''drax'', and ''drachma'' itself, i.e. "grasp with the hand".<ref name=LSJdrachme/><ref name=LSJdrassomai>{{LSJ|dra/ssomai|δράσσομαι|shortref}}.</ref>}} of six oboloi forming one drachma]]
[[File:Athens 545-510 BC Didrachm.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Athenian silver [[didrachm]] of ''"heraldic type"'' from the time of [[Peisistratos]], 545-510 BC. Obverse: Four-spoked wheel. Reverse: Incuse square, divided diagonally]]
[[Image:BMC 193.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Greek [[drachma]] of Aegina. Obverse: Land [[Chelone (Greek mythology)|Chelone]] / Reverse: {{lang|grc|ΑΙΓ(INA)}} and dolphin. The oldest Aegina [[Chelone (Greek mythology)|Chelone]] coins depicted sea turtles and were minted ca. [http://www.snible.org/coins/bmc/attica/XXIII.jpg 700-550 BC].]]
Nama ''drachma'' berasal dari kata kerja ''δράσσομαι'' (''drássomai'', "menggenggam") yang berakar kata "δράττω" (''dráttō'', "genggaman").<ref>"Liddell dan Scott, Greek-English Lexicon", hlm. 180. Oxford University Press, 1979</ref> Mulanya satu drakhma jumlahnya segenggam yang terdiri atas enam [[obolus|oboloi]] potongan logam, yang digunakan sebagai alat pembayaran sejak masa sekitar 1100 s.M. Ini adalah satuan standar uang perak pada kebanyakan pencetakan uang Yunani kuno. Nama 'obol' digunakna untuk menggambarkan mata uang yang nilainya seperenam drakhma. Pengertian bahwa "drakhma" diambil dari kata untuk "segenggam" tampaknya berasal setidak-tidaknya pada Herakleides dari Pontos (387-312 s.M.) tetapi metrologiwan Livio C. Stecchini berpendapat bahwa drakhma adalah kata yang berasal dari dunia Semit. Stecchini seringkali melawan pendapat umum. Argumennya tampaknya masuk akal (lihat www.metrum.org) tetapi tetap tidak jelas.
Uang [[Athena]] ''[[tetradrachm]]on'' ("empat drakhma") dari abad ke-5 s.M. adalah Uang yang paling banyak digunakan di dunia Yunani sebelum masa [[Alexander Agung]]. Pada Uang ini terdapat patung dada [[Athena]] dengan pelindung kepala di sisi depan dan seekor burung hantu pada sisi belakangnya. Dalam penggunaan sehari-hari, mata uang ini disebut γλαῦκαι ''glaukai'' (burung hantu), sehingga terciptalah ungkapan Γλαῦκ’ Ἀθήναζε, 'seekor burung hantu untuk Athena', yang merujuk kepada sesuatu yang besar jumlahnya, seperti 'batu bara di Newcastle'. Sisi kebalikannya ini ditampilkan dalam mata uang [[euro Yunani|1 euro Yunani]].
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The name ''drachma'' is derived from the verb (''drássomai'', "to grasp").{{refn|group=n|"As much as one can hold in the hand".<ref name=LSJdrachme/><ref name=LSJdrassomai/>}} It is believed that the same word with the meaning of "''handful''" or "''handle''" is found in [[Linear B]] tablets of the Mycenean Pylos.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/de-gruyter/two-new-linear-b-documents-from-bronze-age-pylos-rg10tOlmDC |last1=Shelmerdine|first1=Cynthia W.|last2=Bennet|first2=John|title=Two Linear B documents from Bronze Age Pylos|journal=Kadmos|volume=34 (2)|date=January 1, 1995}}</ref>{{refn|group=n|The word, whose meaning and translation is still uncertain, is {{lang|gmy|𐀈𐀏𐀔}}, ''do-ka-ma'' or {{lang|gmy|𐀈𐀏𐀔𐀂}}, ''do-ka-ma-i'', found on the [[Pylos|PY]] An 1282 and PY Wr 1480 tablets.<ref>{{cite web|title=PY 1282 An (Ciii)|url=https://www2.hf.uio.no/damos/Index/item/chosen_item_id/4362}}{{cite web|title=PY 1480 Wr (unknown)|website=DĀMOS: Database of Mycenaean at Oslo|url=https://www2.hf.uio.no/damos/Index/item/chosen_item_id/5088|publisher=[[University of Oslo]]}}{{cite web|last=Raymoure|first=K.A.|url=http://minoan.deaditerranean.com/resources/linear-b-sign-groups/do/do-ka-ma-i/|title=do-ka-ma-i| work=Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B | publisher=Deaditerranean}}</ref>}} Initially a drachma was a fistful (a "grasp") of six [[obolus|''oboloí'' or ''obeloí'']] (metal sticks, literally "[[Spit (cooking aide)|spits]]") used as a form of currency as early as 1100 BC and being a form of "bullion": bronze, copper, or iron ingots denominated by weight. A [[hoard]] of over 150 rod-shaped obeloi were uncovered at [[Heraion of Argos]] in [[Peloponnese]]. Six of them are displayed at the [[Numismatic Museum of Athens]].
It was the standard unit of silver coinage at most ancient Greek mints, and the name 'obol' was used to describe a coin that was one-sixth of a drachma. The notion that "drachma" derived from the word for fistful was recorded by [[Heraclides Ponticus|Herakleides of Pontos]] (387-312 BC) who was informed by the priests of Heraion that [[Pheidon]], king of Argos, dedicated rod-shaped obeloi to Heraion. Similar information about Pheidon's obeloi was also recorded at the [[Parian Chronicle]].
[[Ancient Greek coinage|Ancient Greek coins]] normally had distinctive names in daily use. The Athenian [[tetradrachm]] was called [[owl of Athena|owl]],<ref>[[Philochorus]]: Scholion to Aristophanes, Birds 1106</ref> the [[Aegina#Coinage and sea power (7th–5th centuries BC)|Aeginetic stater]] was called [[Chelone (Greek mythology)|chelone]], the Corinthian [[stater]] was called ''hippos'' ([[horse]]) an so on. Each city would mint its own and have them stamped with recognizable [[Ancient Greek coinage#Coins as a symbol of the city-state|symbols of the city]], known as [[badge]] in numismatics, along with suitable inscriptions, and they would often be referred to either by the name of the city or of the image depicted. The exact exchange value of each was determined by the quantity and quality of the metal, which reflected on the reputation of each mint.
Among the Greek cities that used the drachma were: [[Abdera, Thrace|Abdera]], [[Abydos (Hellespont)|Abydos]], [[Alexandria]], [[Aetna (city)|Aetna]], [[Antioch]], [[Athens]], [[Chios]], [[Cyzicus]], [[Corinth]], [[Ephesus]], [[Eretria]], [[Gela]], [[Catana]], [[Kos]], [[Maronia]], [[Naxos]], [[Pella]], [[Pergamum]], [[Reggio Calabria|Rhegion]], [[Salamis Island|Salamis]], [[Smyrni]], [[Sparta]], [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]], [[Tarsus, Mersin|Tarsus]], [[Thasos]], [[Tenedos]], [[Troy]] and more.
The 5th century BC [[Athens|Athenian]] ''[[tetradrachm]]'' ("four drachmae") [[coin]] was perhaps the most widely used coin in the Greek world prior to the time of [[Alexander the Great]] (along with the [[Corinth]]ian [[stater]]). It featured the helmeted profile bust of [[Athena]] on the obverse (front) and an owl on the reverse (back). In daily use they were called {{lang|grc|γλαῦκες}} ''glaukes'' (owls),<ref>{{LSJ|glau/c|γλαύξ|shortref}}.</ref> hence [[List of Greek phrases#Γγ|the proverb]] {{lang|grc|Γλαῦκ’ Ἀθήναζε}}, 'an owl to Athens', referring to something that was in plentiful supply, like '[[coals to Newcastle]]'. The reverse is featured on the national side of the modern [[Greek euro coins|Greek 1 euro coin]].
Drachmae were minted on different weight standards at different Greek mints. The standard that came to be most commonly used was the Athenian or Attic one, which weighed a little over 4.3 grams.
After [[Alexander the Great]]'s conquests, the name ''drachma'' was used in many of the [[Hellenistic]] kingdoms in the [[Middle East]], including the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|Ptolemaic]] kingdom in [[Alexandria]]. The [[Arabia|Arabic]] unit of currency known as ''[[dirham]]'' (in the [[Arabic language]], درهم), known from pre-[[Islam]]ic times and afterwards, inherited its name from the drachma or [[didrachm]] ({{lang|grc|δίδραχμον}}, 2 drachmae); the dirham is still the name of the official currencies of [[Moroccan Dirham|Morocco]] and the [[United Arab Emirates dirham|United Arab Emirates]]. The [[Armenia]]n [[Dram (currency)|dram]] also derives its name from the drachma.
===Value===
[[File:SNGANS 1202.jpg|200px|thumb|Drachma from [[Lucania]], c. 535–510 BC|right]]
[[File:SNGCop 039.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Tetradrachm]] from Athens about 450 BC. [[Athena]] on the obverse, [[Owl of Athena|owl]] on the reverse|right]]
It is difficult to estimate comparative exchange rates with modern currency because the range of products produced by economies of centuries gone by were different from today, which makes [[Purchasing power parity|purchasing power parity (PPP)]] calculations very difficult; however, some historians and economists have estimated that in the 5th century BC a drachma had a rough value of 25 U.S. dollars (in the year 1990 - equivalent to 41 USD in 2009<ref>[http://www.westegg.com/inflation/ The Inflation Calculator] {{WebCite|url=http://www.webcitation.org/5QVXNUZmW|date =21 July 2007}}</ref>), whereas classical historians regularly say that in the heyday of ancient Greece (the fifth and fourth centuries) the daily wage for a skilled worker or a [[hoplite]]<ref>[[Thucydides]], ''[[History of the Peloponnesian War]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text.jsp?doc=thuc.%203.17 3.17.4].</ref> was one drachma, and for a [[Heliaia|heliast]] (juror) half a drachma since 425 BC.<ref>It was originally set at 1/6 drachma by Pericles, until [[Cleon]] raised it in 425 BC; see also [[Aristophanes]], ''Knights'' (line 255) and ''Wasps'' (line 609, 684, 690, 788-790, 1121).</ref>
Modern commentators derived from [[Xenophon]]<ref>Cf. footnote 18 of H. G. Dakyns's translation of [http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/gutbook/lookup?num=1179 ''Ways and Means: A Pamphlet on Revenues'' alias ''On Revenues''] (''The Works of Xenophon'', Macmillan, 1897). This footnote is quoting George Grote (''Plato, and the Other Companions of Sokrates'', vol. 3, J. Murray, 1865, p.[http://books.google.fr/books?id=58cYAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA597 597]).</ref> that half a drachma per day (360 days per year) would provide "a comfortable subsistence" for "the poor citizens" (for the head of a household in 355 BC). Earlier in 422 BC, we also see in Aristophanes (''Wasps'', line 300-302) that the daily half-drachma of a juror is just enough for the daily subsistence of a family of three.
A modern person might think of one drachma as the rough equivalent of a skilled worker's daily pay in the place where they live, which could be as low as $1 [[USD]], or as high as $100 USD, depending on the country.
Fractions and multiples of the drachma were minted by many states, most notably in [[Ptolemaic Egypt]], which minted large coins in gold, silver and bronze.
Notable Ptolemaic coins included the gold ''pentadrachm'' and ''octadrachm'', and silver ''tetradrachm'', ''decadrachm'' and ''pentakaidecadrachm''. This was especially noteworthy as it would not be until the introduction of the [[Guldengroschen]] in 1486 that coins of substantial size (particularly in silver) would be minted in significant quantities.
For the Roman successors of the drachma, see [[Roman provincial coins]].
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===Denominasi Drachma Yunani kuno ===
Berat drachma perak adalah sekitar 4,3 gram,<ref>British Museum Catalogue 11 - Attica Megaris Aegina</ref> meskipun bervariasi luas di antara berbagai kota-negara. Dibagi menjadi enam ''obol'', masing-masing 0,72 gram, yang lalu dibagi lagi menjadi empat ''tetartemorion'', masing-masing 0,18 gram, yang merupakan salah satu uang logam terkecil yang pernah dicetak, dengan diameter sekitar 5 - 7 mm.<ref>Galeri foto [http://www.asiaminorcoins.com/gallery/thumbnails.php?search=Tetartemorion&submit=cerca&album=search&title=on&newer_than=&caption=on&older_than=&keywords=on&type=AND&pid=on&album_title=on&category_title=on Tetartemorion] dan uang logam Yunani kecil lainnya</ref>
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"
|-
!colspan="4"| Denominasi drachma perak
|-
! Gambar !!Denominasi !! Nilai !! Berat
|-
|[[File:001-athens-dekadrachm-1.jpg|190px|center]]
|Dekadrachm
|10 drachmas
|43 grams
|-
|[[File:Kyme-01.jpg|140px|center]]
|Tetradrachm
|4 drachmas
|17.2 grams
|-
|[[File:AR Didrachm 90001284.jpg|110px|center]]
|Didrachm
|2 drachmas
|8.6 grams
|-
|[[File:Naxos-02.jpg|89px|center]]
|Drachma
|6 obols
|4.3 grams
|-
|[[File:001-Massalia-tetrobol-02.jpg|70px|center]]
|Tetrobol
|4 obols
|2.85 grams
|-
|[[File:Metapontum Triobol 868740.jpg|60px|center]]
|Triobol (hemidrachm)
|3 obols
|2.15 grams
|-
|[[File:Tarentum AR Diobol 851470.jpg|55px|center]]
|Diobol
|2 obols
|1.43 grams
|-
|[[File:SNGCop 053.jpg|47px|center]]
|Obol
|4 tetartemorions
|0.72 grams
|-
|[[File:Thasitischer Tritartemorion 630264 C.jpg|41px|center]]
|Tritartemorion
|3 tetartemorions
|0.54 grams
|-
|[[File:Hemiobol Corinth.jpg|36px|center]]
|Hemiobol
|2 tetartemorions
|0.36 grams
|-
|[[File:Triihemitartemorion Cilicia, 4th century BC.jpg|33px|center]]
|Trihemitartemorion
|3/2 tetartemorions
|0.27 grams
|-
|[[File:001-Tetartemorion-3.jpg|28px|center]]
|Tetartemorion
|
|0.18 grams
|-
|[[File:001-Hemitartemorion-02.jpg|25px|center]]
|Hemitartemorion
|½ tetartemorion
|0.09 grams
|}
=== Pembagian mata uang bersejarah ===
:8 ''chalkoi'' = 1 ''[[obolus]]''
:6 ''oboloi'' = 1 ''drachma''
:70 ''drachmae'' = 1 ''[[mina (unit)|mina]]'' (atau ''mna''), kemudian 100 ''drachmae'' = 1 ''mina''<ref>[[Aristoteles]], Athenian Constitution, 10.2</ref>
:60 ''[[mina (unit)|minae]]'' = 1 ''[[Athenian talen]]'' (''Athenian standard''; Talenta Athena)<ref>''Drachma'', The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume V. Published 1909. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Nihil Obstat, 1 May 1909. Remy Lafort, Censor. Imprimatur. John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York</ref>
Minae dan talenta tidak pernah benar-benar dicetak: mereka mewakili ukuran berat untuk komoditi (misalnya butiran gandum) serta logam-logam seperti perak atau emas. [[Alkitab]] bagian [[Perjanjian Baru]] menyebutkan nilai uang ''didrachma'' dan istilah untuk [[tetradrakhma|''tetradrachm'' (tetradrakhma)]] dalam konteks bea [[Bait Suci (Yerusalem)|Bait Suci]].
== Drachma Modern ==
[[File:Drachma-Symbol.svg|160px|right|Tanda ''drachma'' ₯ ]]
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===First modern drachma===
The drachma was reintroduced in May 1832, soon before the establishment of the modern state of Greece (with the exception of the subdivision Taurus).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://colnect.com/en/coins/list/country/1669-Greece/currency/757-%E2%82%AF_-_Greek_drachma |title=The first modern drachma coins catalog |date= |accessdate=2013-06-22}}</ref> It replaced the ''[[phoenix (currency)|phoenix]]'' at par. The drachma was subdivided into 100 [[Greek lepton|lepta]].{{refn|group=n|Greek: {{lang|el|λεπτά}}; plural of {{lang|el|λεπτόν}}, ''lepton''.}}
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=== Uang logam ===
{{Main|Coins of the Greek drachma}}
Uang logam pertama terbuat dari tembaga bernilai pecahan (denominasi) 1, 2, 5 dan 10 lepta, uang perak bernilai pecahan ¼, ½, 1 dan 5 drachmae serta uang emas bernilai 20 drachmae. Uang logam drachma beratnya 4.5 g dan mengandung 90% perak, sedangkan uang logam 20-drachma mengandung 5.8 g emas.
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In 1868, Greece joined the [[Latin Monetary Union]] and the drachma became equal in weight and value to the [[French franc]]. The new coinage issued consisted of copper coins of 1, 2, 5 and 10 lepta, with the 5- and 10-lepta coins bearing the names ''obolos'' ({{lang|el|ὀβολός}}) and ''diobolon'' ({{lang|el|διώβολον}}), respectively; silver coins of 20 and 50 lepta, 1, 2 and 5 drachmae and gold coins of 5, 10 and 20 drachmae. (Very small numbers of 50- and 100-drachma coins in gold were also issued.)
In 1894, [[cupro-nickel]] 5-, 10- and 20-lepta coins were introduced. No 1-lepton or 2-lepta coin had been issued since the late 1870s. Silver coins of 1 and 2 drachmae were last issued in 1911, and no coins were issued between 1912 and 1922, during which time the [[Latin Monetary Union]] collapsed due to [[World War I]].
Between 1926 and 1930, a new coinage was introduced for the new Hellenic Republic, consisting of cupro-nickel coins in denominations of 20 lepta, 50 lepta, 1 drachma, and 2 drachmae; nickel coins of 5 drachmae; and silver coins of 10 and 20 drachmae. These were the last coins issued for the first modern drachma, and none were issued for the second.
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=== Uang kertas ===
[[File:NBG banknote-1912.jpg|thumb|Mata uang tahun 1912 yang diterbitkan oleh NBG]]
Mata uang diterbitkan oleh ''[[National Bank of Greece]]'' (NBG; "Bank Nasional Yunani") sejak tahun 1841 sampai 1928, ketika [[Bank of Greece]] dibentuk. Pecahan mata uang (denominasi) lama berkisar dari 10 sampai 500 drachmae. Pecahan yang lebih kecil (1, 2, 3 dan 5 drachmae) diterbitkan sejak tahun 1885, dimana mata uang pecahan 5-drachma pertama dibuat dengan memotong mata uang 10-drachma menjadi dua. Antara tahun 1917 dan 1920, pemerintah Yunani menerbitkan mata uang kertas dalam denominasi 10 lepta, 50 lepta, 1 drachma, 2 drachmae, dan 5 drachmae. ''National Bank of Greece'' memperkenalkan mata uang 1000-drachma pada tahun 1901, dan ''Bank of Greece'' memperkenalkan mata uang 5000-drachma pada tahun 1928. Pemerintah Yunani kemudian menerbitkan lagi mata uang antara tahun 1940 dan 1944, dalam denominasi antara 50 lepta sampai 20 drachmae.
Selama pendudukan Yunani oleh pasukan "Axis" [[Nazi|Jerman (Nazi)]]-[[Kerajaan Italia (1861–1946)|Italia]] antara tahun 1941 sampai 1944, hiperinflasi dahsyat dan penjarahan harta Yunani oleh [[Nazi]] menyebabkan penerbitan mata uang yang lebih tinggi lagi nilainya, mencapai mata uang 100.000.000.000-drachma pada tahun 1944.
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===Second modern drachma===
In November 1944, after Greece was liberated from Germany, old drachmae were exchanged for new ones at the rate of 50,000,000,000 to 1. Only paper money was issued. The government issued notes of 1, 5, 10 and 20 drachmae, with the Bank of Greece issuing 50-, 100-, 500-, 1000-, 5000-, and 10,000-drachma notes. This drachma also suffered from high inflation. The government later issued 100-, 500-, and 1000-drachma notes, and the Bank of Greece issued 20,000-and 50,000-drachma notes.
===Third modern drachma===
In 1953, in an effort to halt inflation, Greece joined the [[Bretton Woods system]]. In 1954, the drachma was revalued at a rate of 1000 to 1. The new currency was pegged at 30 drachmae = 1 [[United States dollar]]. In 1973, the Bretton Woods System was abolished; over the next 25 years the official exchange rate gradually declined, reaching 400 drachmae to 1 U. S. dollar. On 1 January 2002, the Greek drachma was officially replaced as the circulating currency by the [[euro]], and it has not been [[legal tender]] since 1 March 2002.
====Third modern drachma coins====
The first issue of coins minted in 1954 consisted of holed aluminium 5-, 10- and 20-lepta pieces, with 50-lepta, 1-, 2-, 5- and 10-drachma pieces in cupro-nickel. A silver 20-drachma piece was issued in 1960, replacing the 20-drachma banknote. Coins in denominations from 50 lepta to 20 drachmae carried a portrait of [[Paul of Greece|King Paul]] (1947–1964). New coins were introduced in 1966, ranging from 50 lepta to 10 drachmae, depicting [[Constantine II of Greece|King Constantine II]] (1964–1974). The reverse of all coins was altered in 1971 to reflect the military junta which was in power from 1967 to 1974. This design included a soldier standing in front of the flames of the rising phoenix.
A 20-drachmae coin in cupro-nickel with an image of [[Europa (mythology)|Europa]] on the obverse was issued in 1973. In the latter part of 1973, several new coin types were introduced: unholed aluminium (10 and 20 lepta), nickel-brass (50 lepta, 1 drachma, and 2 drachmae) and cupro-nickel (5, 10, and 20 drachmae). These provisional coins carried the design of the phoenix rising from the flame on the obverse, and used the country's new designation as the "Hellenic Republic", replacing the coins also issued in 1973 as the Kingdom of Greece with King Constantine II's portrait. A new series of all 8 denominations was introduced in 1976 carrying images of early national heroes on the smaller values.
Cupro-nickel 50-drachmae coins were introduced in 1980. In 1986, nickel-brass 50-drachma coins were introduced, followed by copper 1- and 2-drachma pieces in 1988 and nickel-brass coins of 20 and 100 drachmae in 1990. In 2000, a set of 6 themed 500-drachma coins was issued to commemorate the [[2004 Summer Olympics|2004 Athens Olympic Games]].
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=== Euro ===
[[Uang logam]] yang beredar pada waktu pengadopsian mata uang ''[[euro]]''<ref>http://www.bankofgreece.gr/en/Banknotes/coins.htm {{Wayback|df=yes|url=http://www.bankofgreece.gr/en/Banknotes/coins.htm|date =20110721050633}}</ref> dalam bentuk pecahan:
* .5 drachma (€0.0015){{refn|group=n|name=coin1|Dicetak tapi jarang digunakan. Biasanya harga barang dibulatkan sampai kelipatan 10 drachmae terdekat.}}
* 1 drachma (€0.0029){{refn|group=n|name=coin2|Tidak dicetak tetapi tetap merupakan tanda pembayaran sah (tidak sungguh-sungguh digunakan pada tahun 2002).}}
* 2 drachmae (€0.0059){{refn|group=n|name=coin2}}
* 5 drachmae (€0.0147)
* 10 drachmae (€0.0293)
* 20 drachmae (€0.0587)
* 50 drachmae (€0.147)
* 100 drachmae (€0.293)
* 500 drachmae (€1.47)
==== Post Euro Drachma (XGD) ====
Pada terminal-terminal [[Bloomberg]] ditampilkan Post Euro Drachma (XGD; "Drachma Pasca-Euro"). Menurut [[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]], ini hanyalah "suatu fungsi internal untuk tes." <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/xgd-greek-drachma-bloomberg-2012-6#ixzz1wxGUe4xx |title=businessinsider.com |publisher=businessinsider.com |date=2012-06-01 |accessdate=2013-11-17}}</ref>
==== Gambar ====
<gallery>
File:1drachmi 1973.jpg|1 drachma selama zaman [[Metapolitefsi#Prologue|"Republik" yang dikontrol oleh militer tahun 1973-1974]]
</gallery>
==== Mata uang kertas ====
<!--The first issues of banknotes were in denominations of 10, 20 and 50 drachmae, soon followed by 100, 500 and 1000 drachmae by 1956. 5000-drachma notes were introduced in 1984, followed by 10,000-drachma notes in 1995 and 200-drachma notes in 1997.
-->
[[Uang kertas]] yang beredar pada waktu pengadopsian [[euro]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://greekcurrency.110mb.com |title=History of Greek Banknotes |publisher=Greekcurrency.110mb.com |date= |accessdate=2013-11-17}}</ref> adalah
* 100 drachmae, [[Athena]], [[Adamantios Korais]] (€0.2935)
* 200 drachmae, [[Rigas Feraios]] (€0.5869)
* 500 drachmae, [[Ioannis Capodistrias]] (€1.47)
* 1000 drachmae, [[Apollo]] (€2.93)
* 5000 drachmae, [[Theodoros Kolokotronis]] (€14.67)
* 10,000 drachmae, [[Georgios Papanikolaou|George Papanicolaou]], [[Asclepius]] (€29.35)
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"
|-
!colspan="7"| Mata uang kertas Drachma Yunani
|-
! Gambar !! Nilai !! Setara dengan [[Euro|Euro (€)]] !! Warna utama !! Obverse !! Reverse !! Tanda air
|-
|
| 50 drachmae
|
| Biru
| [[Poseidon|Poseidon (Neptune)]]
| [[Laskarina Bouboulina]] directing cannon fire at two Ottoman ships during the Greek War of Independence
| Head of the Charioteer, Polyzalos of Delphi
|-
|
| 100 drachmae
| €0.2935
| Coklat dan ungu (obverse); Merah maron, hijau dan jingga (reverse)
| [[Athena|Athena of Peiraeus]]
| [[Adamantios Korais]]; Arkadis monastery (Crete)
| Head of the Charioteer, Polyzalos of Delphi
|-
|
| 200 drachmae
| €0.5869
| Jingga tua
| [[Rigas Feraios]]; Feraios singing his patriotic song at lower right
| Secret school run by Greek Priests during the Ottoman Occupation
| Patung kepala Philip dari Makedonia
|-
|
| 500 drachmae
| €1.47
| Hijau tua
| [[Ioannis Kapodistrias]] and his birthplace
| Corfu
| Head of the Charioteer, Polyzalos of Delphi
|-
|
| 1000 drachmae
| €2.93
| Coklat
| [[Apollo]]
| Pelempar cakram; Reruntuhan Hera (Olympia)
| Head of the Charioteer, Polyzalos of Delphi
|-
|
| 5000 drachmae
| €14.67
| Biru tua atau Ungu tua dan kuning-hijau
| [[Theodoros Kolokotronis]]; Church of the Holy Apostles (Calamata)
| Karytaina
| Patung kepala Philip dari Makedonia
|-
|
| 10,000 drachmae
| €29.35
| Ungu tua
| [[Georgios Papanikolaou|George Papanicolaou]]; microscope
| [[Asclepius]]
| Patung kepala Philip dari Makedonia
|}
==Encoding==
Dalam Unicode, simbol mata uang ini adalah {{unichar|20af|tanda Drachma}}.
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Commemorative coins of Greece]]
* [[Dirham]]
* [[Economic history of Greece and the Greek world]]
* [[Ekonomi Yunani]]
* [[Phoenix (Yunani)]]
* [[Seleucid coinage]]
== Catatan ==
{{reflist|group=n}}
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{Commons|Drachma}}
* [http://greekcurrency.bugs3.com History of Greek Banknotes]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/business/2001/euro_cash/spent_currencies/drachma.stm Overview of the modern Greek drachma from the BBC]
{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Phoenix (Yunani)]]}}
{{s-ttl|title= Mata uang [[Yunani]]|years=1832–2001}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Euro]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Currency signs}}
{{Euro topics}}
{{Symbols of Greece}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Drachma}}
[[Category:Coins of ancient Greece]]
[[Category:Mata uang Eropa]]
[[Category:Currencies replaced by the euro]]
[[Category:Economic history of Greece]]
[[Category:Modern obsolete currencies]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah Yunani]]
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