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←Membuat halaman berisi ''''Daftar organisme''' berikut disusun berdasarkan jumlah kromosom dalam sel berbagai tumbuhan, binatang, protista, dan makhluk hidup lain, termasuk ...'
 
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Baris 9:
|[[Ophioglossaceae|Adders-tongue]] || ''[[Ophioglossum]] reticulatum'' || {{sort|;1260|1260}} <ref name="Grubben2004">{{cite book|author=Gerardus J. H. Grubben|title=Vegetables|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=6jrlyOPfr24C&pg=PA404|accessdate=10 March 2013|year=2004|publisher=PROTA|isbn=978-90-5782-147-9|page=404}}</ref> || This fern has the highest known chromosome number of any life form. Number given is maximum, shows many variants.
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|[[Agrodiaetus]] butterfly([[kupu-kupu]]) || ''[[Agrodiaetus]] shahrami'' || {{sort|:268|268}} <ref name="Lukhtanov 2005">{{Cite journal|author=Gallardo MH, Bickham JW, Honeycutt RL, Ojeda RA, Köhler N |title=Discovery of tetraploidy in a mammal |journal=Nature |volume=436 |issue=7049 |pages=385–389 |year=2005 |accessdate=2014-01-06 |doi = 10.1038/nature03704 }}</ref> ||This insect has one of the highest chromosome numbers among all animals.
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|[[Field Horsetail]] ||''[[Equisetum arvense]]''|| {{sort|:216|216}} ||
Baris 35:
|[[Aquatic Rat]] ||''[[Anotomys leander]]'' || 92<ref name=Schmid/>|| Previously thought to be the highest number in mammals, tied with ''Ichthyomys pittieri''.
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|[[ShrimpUdang]] || ''[[Penaeus]] semisulcatus'' || 86–92 <ref name=Hosseini>{{Cite journal|author=Hosseini S-J, Elahi E, Raie RM |title=The Chromosome Number of the Persian Gulf Shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus |journal=Iranian Int. J. Sci |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=13–23 |year=2004 |accessdate=2010-01-27}}</ref> ||
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|Crab-eatingTikus ratpemakan kepiting (semiaquaticroden rodentsemiakuatik) ||''[[Ichthyomys pittieri]]'' || 92<ref name=Schmid>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1159/000132683 |title=On the highest chromosome number in mammals|year=1988 |last1=Schmid |first1=M. |last2=Fernández-Badillo |first2=A. |last3=Feichtinger |first3=W. |last4=Steinlein |first4=C. |last5=Roman |first5=J.I.|journal=Cytogenetics and Genome Research |volume=49 |pages=305–8 |pmid=3073914 |issue=4}}</ref> || Previously thought to be the highest number in mammals, tied with ''Anotomys leander''.
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|[[Grape fern]] || ''Sceptridium'' || 90 ||
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|[[Hedgehog]] GenusLandak genus [[Atelerix]] (Africanlandak hedgehogsAfrika) || || 90 ||
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|Moonworts || ''[[Botrychium]]'' || 90 ||
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|[[HedgehogErinaceinae|Landak susu]] Genusgenus [[Erinaceus]] (Woodlandlandak hedgehogsWoodland) || || 88 ||
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|Nagaho-no-natsu-no-hana-warabi || ''Botrypus strictus'' || 88 || ''B. strictus'' and ''B. virginianus'' have been shown to be paraphyletic in the genus ''Botrypus''
|-
|[[PigeonBurung merpati]] || || 80 ||
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|[[Turkey (bird)|TurkeyKalkun]] || || 80<ref name="Aslan">{{Cite journal|author=Muhammad L Aslam, John WM Bastiaansen, Richard PMA Crooijmans, Addie Vereijken, Hendrik-Jan Megens, Martien AM Groenen|title=A SNP based linkage map of the turkey genome reveals multiple intrachromosomal rearrangements between the Turkey and Chicken genomes|journal=BMC Genomics|url=http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2164-11-647.pdf}}</ref>||
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|[[African Wild Dog]]|| ''[[Lycaon pictus]]'' || 78<ref name=Canids>{{Cite book|author=Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio; Hoffmann, Michael J.; Dave Mech |title=Canids: Foxes, Wolves, Jackals and Dogs: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan |publisher=World Conservation Union |location= |year=2004 |isbn=2-8317-0786-2 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}{{Page needed|date=September 2010}}</ref> ||
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|[[ChickenAyam]] || ''Gallus gallus domesticus'' || 78 ||
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|[[CoyoteKoyote]] ||''Canis latrans'' || 78<ref name=Canids/> ||
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|[[Dhole]] ||''[[Cuon alpinus]]''|| 78 ||
Baris 63:
|[[Dingo]] ||''Canis lupus dingo'' || 78<ref name=Canids/> ||
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|[[DogAnjing]] ||''Canis lupus familiaris'' || 78<ref name = "DOG">{{Cite journal|author=Lindblad-Toh K, Wade CM, Mikkelsen TS, ''et al.'' |title=Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog |journal=Nature |volume=438 |issue=7069 |pages=803–19 |date=December 2005 |pmid=16341006 |doi=10.1038/nature04338|bibcode = 2005Natur.438..803L }}</ref> || 76 autosomal and 2 sexual.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/guide/dog/</ref>
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|[[Dove]] || || 78<ref name = "DOVE">{{Cite journal|author=Guttenbach M, Nanda I, Feichtinger W, Masabanda JS, Griffin DK, Schmid M |title=Comparative chromosome painting of chicken autosomal paints 1-9 in nine different bird species |journal=Cytogenetics and Genome Research |volume=103 |issue=1-2 |pages=173–84 |year=2003 |pmid=15004483|doi=10.1159/000076309}}</ref> || Based on African collared dove
Baris 69:
|[[Golden Jackal]] ||''Canis aureus'' || 78<ref name=Canids/> ||
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|[[WolfSerigala]] ||''Canis lupus''|| 78 ||
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|[[Maned Wolf]] || ''Chrysocyon brachyurus'' || 76 ||
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|[[AmericanBeruang Blackhitam BearAmerika]] || ''Ursus americanus'' || 74 ||
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|[[AsiaticBeruang Blackhitam BearAsia]] || ''Ursus thibetanus'' || 74 ||
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|[[BrownBeruang Bearcokelat]] || ''Ursus arctos'' || 74 ||
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|[[PolarBeruang Bearkutub]] || ''Ursus maritimus'' || 74 ||
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|[[Sloth Bear]] || ''Melursus ursinus'' || 74 ||
Baris 85:
|[[Sun Bear]] || '' Helarctos malayanus'' || 74 ||
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|[[Bat-eared FoxMusang]] ''bat-eared'' || ''[[Otocyon megalotis]]'' || 72<ref name=Canids/> ||
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|[[Solanum nigrum|Black nightshade]] || ''Solanum nigrum'' || 72<ref>{{cite journal|last=Smith|first=Hugh|title=Chromosome counts in the varieties of Solanum tuberosum and allied wild species|journal=Genetics|year=1927|volume=12|pages=84–92}}</ref>||
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| [[White-tailed deerRusa]] berekor putih || ''Odocoileus virginianus'' || 70 ||
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|[[Elk]] (Wapiti) || ''Cervus canadensis'' || 68 ||
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| [[Red DeerRusa]] merah || ''Cervus elaphus'' || 68 ||
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|[[Gray Fox]] ||''Urocyon cinereoargenteus'' || 66<ref name=Canids/> ||
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|[[RaccoonAnjing Dograkun]] ||''Nyctereutes procyonoides'' || 66 || Some variation in the number of chromosomes between individuals <ref name="MÅKINEN">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1601-5223.1986.tb00647.x|title=A chromosome-banding study in the Finnish and the Japanese raccoon dog|year=1986|last1= Måkinen|first1=Auli|journal=Hereditas|volume=105|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1986.tb00647.x/abstract}}</ref>
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|[[Chinchilla]] ||''Chinchilla lanigera''|| 64 <ref name="resources.metapress.com">http://resources.metapress.com/pdf-preview.axd?code=3180kk1kk0873012&size=largest</ref>||
Baris 105:
|[[Fennec Fox]] ||''Vulpes zerda'' || 64<ref name=Canids/> ||
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|[[HorseKuda]] || ''Equus ferus caballus'' || 64 ||
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|[[Spotted Skunk]] ||''Spilogale x''|| 64 ||
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|[[MuleBagal]] || || 63 || semi-infertile
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|[[DonkeyKeledai]] ||''[[Equus africanus asinus]]'' || 62 ||
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|[[GiraffeJerapah]] || ''Giraffa camelopardalis'' || 62 ||
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|[[Gypsy moth]] || || 62 ||
Baris 119:
|[[Bengal Fox]] || ''Vulpes bengalensis'' || 60 ||
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|[[American Bison amerika]] || ''Bison bison'' ||60||
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|[[Cattle|CowSapi]] || ''Bos primigenius'' || 60 ||
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|[[GoatKambing]] || || 60 ||
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|[[Woolly Mammoth]] ||''Mammuthus primigenius''|| 58 || extinctpunah; tissuejaringan fromdari akarkas frozen carcassbeku
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|[[ElephantGajah]] || || 56 ||
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|[[CapuchinKera MonkeyCapuchin]] ||''Cebus ''x'' '' || 54<ref name = "CAP">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1590/S1413-95962002000600010 |title=Analysis of some normal parameters of the spermiogram of captive capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella Linnaeus, 1758 ) |year=2002 |last1=Barnabe |first1=Renato Campanarut |last2=Guimarães |first2=Marcelo Alcindo de Barros Vaz |last3=Oliveira|first3=CláUdio Alvarenga de |last4=Barnabe |first4=Alexandre Hyppolito |journal=Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science |volume=39}}</ref>||
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|[[Hyrax]] || ''Hyracoidea'' || {{sort|54|54}}<ref name=OBrien>{{Cite book|author=O'Brien, Stephen J., Meninger, Joan C., Nash, William G.|title=Atlas of Mammalian Chromosomes|pages=78|publisher=John Wiley & sons|year=2006|isbn=978-0-471-35015-6}}</ref> || Hyraxes are considered to be the closest living relative to the [[Elephant]].<ref>"Hyrax: The Little Brother of the Elephant", ''Wildlife on One'', BBC TV.</ref>
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|[[SheepDomba]] || || 54 ||
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|[[SilkwormNgengat sutra]] || ''[[Bombyx mori]]'' || 54 ||
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|[[CottonKapas]] ||''Gossypium hirsutum'' || 52<ref name="Simmonds"/> || 2n=4x; Cultivated upland cotton is derived from an [[allotetraploid]]
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|[[Platypus]] ||''Ornithorhynchus anatinus'' || 52 <ref name="NHGRI">{{Cite journal|author=Warren et al.|title=Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolution |journal=Nature |year=2008 |doi=10.1038/nature06936 |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v453/n7192/pdf/nature06936.pdf |volume=453 |issue=7192 |pmid=18464734|pmc=2803040|bibcode = 2008Natur.453..175W }}</ref>
Baris 146:
|[[Kit Fox]] || || 50 ||
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|[[PineappleNanas]] ||''[[Ananas comosus]]'' || 50<ref name="Simmonds"/> ||
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|[[Striped skunk]] ||''Mephitis mephitis''|| 50 ||
Baris 158:
|[[Deer Mouse]] ||''Peromyscus maniculatus''|| 48 ||
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|[[GorillaGorila]] || || 48 ||
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|[[HareTerwelu]]<ref>{{Cite journal|author=T.J. Robinson, F. Yang, W.R. Harrison| title=Chromosome painting refines the history of genome evolution in hares and rabbits (order Lagomorpha) |journal=Cytogenics and Genetic Research |volume=96 |pages=223–227 |year=2002 |doi = 10.1159/000063034 |url=http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=ShowAbstract&ArtikelNr=63034&Ausgabe=228416&ProduktNr=224037 |pmid=12438803}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wildlife1.wildlifeinformation.org/s/00Ref/BooksContents/b605.htm |title=Rabbits, Hares and Pikas. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan |section= 4.W4 |pages= 61–94}}</ref>|| || 48 ||
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|[[OrangutanOrang utan]] ||''Pongo x''|| 48 ||
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|[[PotatoKentang]] ||''Solanum tuberosum'' || 48<ref name="Simmonds"/> ||This is a tetraploid; wild relatives mostly have 2n=24.<ref name="Simmonds"/>
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|[[TobaccoTembakau]] || ''Nicotiana tabacum'' || 48<ref name="Simmonds"/> || Cultivated species is a tetraploid.<ref name="Simmonds"/>
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|[[HumanManusia]] || ''Homo sapiens'' || 46<ref>
{{Cite web
|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=genomeprj&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Overview&list_uids=9558
Baris 183:
|[[Sable Antelope]] ||''[[Hippotragus niger]]''|| 46 ||
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|[[DolphinLumba-lumba]] ||''Delphinidae Delphis''|| 44 ||
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|[[Eurasian Badger]] ||''[[Meles meles]]''|| 44 ||
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|[[RabbitKelinci]] || || 44 ||
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|[[Fossa (animal)|Fossa]] ||''Cryptoprocta ferox''|| 42 ||
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|[[Giant Panda]] raksasa ||''Ailuropoda melanoleuca''|| 42 ||
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|[[Oats]] ||''Avena sativa'' || 42<ref name="Simmonds"/> || This is a [[hexaploid]] with 2n=6x=42. Diploid and tetraploid cultivated species also exist.<ref name="Simmonds"/>
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|[[RaccoonAnjing Dograkun]] ||''Nyctereutes viverrinus'' || 42 || somesejumlah sourcessumber saymengatakan [[sub-speciesspesies]] differberbeda withdengan 38, 54, anddan evenbahkan 56 chromosomeskromosom
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|[[Rat]] || || 42 ||
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|[[RhesusKera MonkeyRhesus]] || || 42<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2267682/</ref> ||
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|[[Wheat]] || ''Triticum aestivum'' || 42<ref name="Simmonds"/> ||This is a hexaploid with 2n=6x=42. [[Durum]] wheat is ''Triticum turgidum'' var. ''durum'', and is a tetraploid with 2n=4x=28.<ref name="Simmonds"/>
Baris 213:
|[[Hyena]] || || 40 ||
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|[[MangoMangga]] ||''Mangifera indica'' || 40<ref name="Simmonds"/> ||
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|[[MouseTikus]] ||Mus musculus || 40<ref>[http://research.jax.org/grs/type/chromosomal_abberati.html The Jackson Laboratory]: ''Mice with chromosomal aberrations.''</ref> ||
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|[[American Marten]] ||''[[Martes americana]]''|| 38 ||
Baris 221:
|[[Beech Marten]] ||''[[Martes foina]]''|| 38 ||
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|[[CatKucing]] || ''Felis catus'' || 38 ||
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|[[Coati]]mundi || || 38 ||
Baris 229:
|[[Fisher (animal)]] || || 38 || a type of [[marten]]
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|[[LionSinga]] || ''Panthera leo'' || 38 ||
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|[[Oriental Small-clawed Otter]] ||''[[Aonyx cinerea]]''|| 38 ||
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|[[PigBabi]] || || 38 ||
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|[[Pine Marten]] ||''[[Martes martes]]''|| 38 ||
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|[[RaccoonRakun]]||''[[Procyon lotor]]''|| 38<ref name="pmid19051045">{{Cite journal|author=Perelman PL, Graphodatsky AS, Dragoo JW, Serdyukova NA, Stone G, Cavagna P, Menotti A, Nie W, O'Brien PC, Wang J, Burkett S, Yuki K, Roelke ME, O'Brien SJ, Yang F, Stanyon R |title=Chromosome painting shows that skunks (Mephitidae, Carnivora) have highly rearranged karyotypes |journal=Chromosome Res. |volume=16 |issue=8 |pages=1215–31 |year=2008 |pmid=19051045 |doi=10.1007/s10577-008-1270-2 |accessdate=2009-04-29}}</ref> ||
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|[[Sable]] ||''[[Martes zibellina]]''|| 38 ||
Baris 245:
|[[Tanuki]]/[[Raccoon Dog]] ||''Nyctereutes procyonoides albus''|| 38 ||
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|[[TigerHarimau]] ||''[[Panthera tigris]]'' || 38 ||
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|[[Earthworm]] || ''Lumbricus terrestris'' || 36 ||
Baris 284:
 
|-
|[[RiceBeras]] ||''Oryza sativa'' || 24<ref name="Simmonds"/> ||
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|[[SnailSiput]] || || 24 ||
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|[[BeanKacang]] ||''Phaseolus'' sp. || 22<ref name="Simmonds"/> || All species in the genus have the same chromosome number, including ''P. vulgaris, P. coccineus, P. acutifolis,''and ''P. lunatus''.<ref name="Simmonds"/>
|-
|[[Virginia Opossum]] || ''Didelphis virginiana'' || 22<ref name = "OP">{{Cite journal|author=Biggers JD, Fritz HI, Hare WC, McFeely RA |title=Chromosomes of American Marsupials|journal=Science |volume=148 |issue= 3677|pages=1602–3 |date=June 1965 |pmid=14287602 |doi=10.1126/science.148.3677.1602|bibcode = 1965Sci...148.1602B }}</ref> ||
Baris 296:
|[[Maize]] ||''Zea mays'' || 20<ref name="Simmonds"/> ||
|-
|[[CabbageKubis]] ||''Brassica oleracea'' || 18<ref name="Simmonds"/> ||[[Broccoli]], cabbage, [[kale]], [[kohlrabi]], [[brussels sprouts]], and [[cauliflower]] are all the same species and have the same chromosome number.<ref name="Simmonds"/>
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|[[Radish]] ||''Raphanus sativus'' || 18<ref name="Simmonds"/> ||
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|[[KangarooKanguru]] || || 16 ||This includes several members genus ''Macropus'', but not the [[red kangaroo]] (M. rufus, 40)<ref>{{cite journal |last= Rofe |first= R. H. |date=December 1978 |title= G-banded chromosomes and the evolution of macropodidae |journal= Australian mammology |volume= 2 |pages= 50–63 |issn= 03100049 |accessdate= July 15, 2011|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=N_ifwszrgFsC&pg=PA53&lpg=PA53#v=onepage&q&f=false }}</ref>
|-
|[[Koala]] ||''Phascolarctos cinereus'' || 16 || ||
Baris 336:
}}</ref>
|-
|[[NematodeNematoda]]||''[[Caenorhabditis elegans]]''|| 12/11 || 12 for hermaphrodites, 11 for males
|-
|[[Thale Cress]]||''[[Arabidopsis thaliana]]''|| 10 ||
|-
|Fruit fly[[Lalat buah]] ||''[[Drosophila melanogaster]]'' || {{sort|08|8}}<ref>
{{Cite web
|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=genomeprj&cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9554
Baris 355:
|[[Indian muntjac]] ||''Muntiacus muntjak''|| {{sort|06/7|6/7}}<ref>{{Cite journal|url=|title=Indian Momtjac, ''Muntiacus muntiak'': A Deer with a Low Diploid Chromosome Number|author= Wurster, Doris H. and Kurt Benirschke|date= 12 June 1970 |journal=Science |volume= 168|issue= 3937 |pages=1364–1366|bibcode = 1970Sci...168.1364W |doi = 10.1126/science.168.3937.1364 |pmid=5444269}}</ref>||female/male
|-
|[[MosquitoNyamuk]] ||''[[Aedes aegypti]]'' || {{sort|06|6}}<ref name=AinG41>{{Cite book|author=Francesco Giannelli; Hall, Jeffrey C.; Dunlap, Jay C.; Friedmann, Theodore|title=Advances in Genetics, Volume 41 (Advances in Genetics) |publisher=Academic Press |location=Boston |year=1999 |page=2 |isbn=0-12-017641-6 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref>|| The 2n=6 chromosome number is conserved in the entire family [[Culicidae]], except in ''Chagasia bathana'' which has 2n=8.<ref name=AinG41/>
|-
|[[Spider mite]] || || {{sort|04|4–14}}<ref name=Helle1972>{{cite journal|last=Helle|first=W.|coauthors=Bolland, H. R.; Gutierrez, J.|title=Minimal chromosome number in false spider mites (Tenuipalpidae)|journal=Experientia|year=1972|volume=28|issue=6|doi=10.1007/BF01944992|url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/j2853k53583t0m3l/|page=707}}</ref>|| Spider mites (family [[Tetranychidae]]) are typically haplodiploidy (males are haploid, while females are diploid)<ref name=Helle1972/>
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