Farad: Perbedaan antara revisi
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== Definisi ==
Satu farad didefinisikan sebagai [[kapasitansi]] suatu [[kapasitor]] yang dilintasi oleh listrik dengan [[muatan listrik|muatan]] satu [[coulomb]], sehingga terdapat perbedaan potensial listrik sebesar satu [[volt]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The International System of Units (SI)|date=2006|publisher=Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Committee for Weights and Measures)|page=144|url=http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf|edition=8th}}</ref> Kebalikannya, merupakan kapasitansi yang ketika dialiri listrik dengan perbedaan potensial satu volt, bermuatan satu coulomb.<ref>{{cite book|title=Dictionary of Science and Technology|date=1995|publisher=Larousse|isbn=0752300105|editor=Peter M B Walker}}</ref> Satu coulomb sama dengan jumlah muatan (elektron) yang dihasilkan oleh
Pada kebanyakan aplikasi, farad merupakan satuan kapasitansi yang berukur besar dan tidak praktis. Kebanyakan aplikasi elektronik menggunakan awalan SI berikut:
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</math>
di mana A=[[ampere]], V=[[volt]], C=[[coulomb]], J=[[joule]], m=[[meter]], N=[[newton (
== Sejarah ==
Istilah "farad" diperkenalkan oleh [[Josiah Latimer Clark]] pada tahun [[1861]], untuk menghormati [[Michael Faraday]], tetapi saat itu sebagai satuan kuantitas muatan.
[[File:Capacitors Various.jpg|thumb|Examples of different types of capacitors]]▼
A capacitor consists of two conducting surfaces, frequently referred to as plates, separated by an insulating layer usually referred to as a [[dielectric]]. The original capacitor was the [[Leyden jar]] developed in the 18th century. It is the accumulation of electric charge on the plates that results in [[capacitance]]. Modern capacitors are constructed using a range of manufacturing techniques and materials to provide the extraordinarily wide range of capacitance values used in [[electronics]] applications from femtofarads to farads, with maximum-voltage ratings ranging from a few [[volt]]s to several kilovolts.▼
== Penjelasan ==
Values of capacitors are usually [[SI prefix#List of SI prefixes|specified in]] '''farads''' (F), <!--'''millifarads''' (mF),--> '''microfarads''' (μF), '''nanofarads''' (nF) and '''picofarads''' (pF).<ref name="Braga">{{cite book |title=Robotics, Mechatronics, and Artificial Intelligence |last=Braga |first=Newton C. |year=2002 |accessdate=2008-09-17 |publisher=Newnes |page=21 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yqb-f-HKem0C&pg=PA21&q=microfarad+common+measurement |isbn=0-7506-7389-3 |quote=Common measurement units are the microfarad (μF), representing 0.000,001 F; the nanofarad (nF), representing 0.000,000,001 F; and the picofarad (pF), representing 0.000,000,000,001 F.}}</ref> The millifarad is rarely used in practice (a capacitance of 4.7 mF (0.0047 F), for example, is instead written as {{gaps|4|700|u=µF}}), while the nanofarad is uncommon in North America.<ref>{{cite book |title=Make: Electronics: Learning Through Discovery |last=Platt |first=Charles |year=2009 |accessdate=2014-07-22 |publisher=O'Reilly Media |page=61 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PQzYdC3BtQkC&pg=PA61&dq=nanofarad |isbn=9781449388799 |quote=Nanofarads are also used, more often in Europe than in the United States.}}</ref> The size of commercially available capacitors ranges from around 0.1 pF to {{Gaps|5|000|F}} (5 kF) [[supercapacitor]]s. [[Parasitic capacitance]] in high-performance [[integrated circuit]]s can be measured in femtofarads (1 fF = 0.001 pF = {{10^|-15}} F), while high-performance test equipment can detect changes in capacitance on the order of tens of attofarads (1 aF = {{gaps|0.000|001}} pF = {{10^|−18}} F).<ref>{{cite book |title=Analog MOS Integrated Circuits for Signal Processing |last=Gregorian |first=Roubik |year=1976 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |page=78}}</ref>▼
▲[[File:Capacitors Various.jpg|thumb|
▲
▲<!--Values of capacitors are usually [[SI prefix#List of SI prefixes|specified in]] '''farads''' (F), <!--'''millifarads''' (mF),--> '''microfarads''' (μF), '''nanofarads''' (nF) and '''picofarads''' (pF).<ref name="Braga">{{cite book |title=Robotics, Mechatronics, and Artificial Intelligence |last=Braga |first=Newton C. |year=2002 |accessdate=2008-09-17 |publisher=Newnes |page=21 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yqb-f-HKem0C&pg=PA21&q=microfarad+common+measurement |isbn=0-7506-7389-3 |quote=Common measurement units are the microfarad (μF), representing 0.000,001 F; the nanofarad (nF), representing 0.000,000,001 F; and the picofarad (pF), representing 0.000,000,000,001 F.}}</ref> The millifarad is rarely used in practice (a capacitance of 4.7 mF (0.0047 F), for example, is instead written as {{gaps|4|700|u=µF}}), while the nanofarad is uncommon in North America.<ref>{{cite book |title=Make: Electronics: Learning Through Discovery |last=Platt |first=Charles |year=2009 |accessdate=2014-07-22 |publisher=O'Reilly Media |page=61 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PQzYdC3BtQkC&pg=PA61&dq=nanofarad |isbn=9781449388799 |quote=Nanofarads are also used, more often in Europe than in the United States.}}</ref> The size of commercially available capacitors ranges from around 0.1 pF to {{Gaps|5|000|F}} (5 kF) [[supercapacitor]]s. [[Parasitic capacitance]] in high-performance [[integrated circuit]]s can be measured in femtofarads (1 fF = 0.001 pF = {{10^|-15}} F), while high-performance test equipment can detect changes in capacitance on the order of tens of attofarads (1 aF = {{gaps|0.000|001}} pF = {{10^|−18}} F).<ref>{{cite book |title=Analog MOS Integrated Circuits for Signal Processing |last=Gregorian |first=Roubik |year=1976 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |page=78}}</ref>
A value of 0.1 pF is about the smallest available in capacitors for general use in electronic design, since smaller ones would be dominated by the [[parasitic capacitance]]s of other components, wiring or [[printed circuit board]]s. Capacitance values of 1 pF or lower can be achieved by twisting two short lengths of insulated wire together.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's All This Femtoampere Stuff, Anyhow? |url=http://electronicdesign.com/test-amp-measurement/whats-all-femtoampere-stuff-anyhow |last=Pease |first=Bob |authorlink=Bob Pease |publisher=Electronic Design |date=2 September 1993 |accessdate=2013-03-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What's All This Best Stuff, Anyhow? |url=http://electronicdesign.com/analog/whats-all-best-stuff-anyhow |last=Pease |first=Bob |publisher=Electronic Design |date=1 December 2006 |accessdate=2013-03-09}}</ref>
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The capacitance of the Earth's [[ionosphere]] with respect to the ground is calculated to be about 1 F.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://konfluence.org/efield.pdf |title=Electrical Properties of the Fair-Weather Atmosphere and the Possibility of Observable Discharge on Moving Objects |last=Williams |first=L. L. |date=January 1999 |accessdate=2012-08-13}}</ref>
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The picofarad is sometimes colloquially pronounced as "puff" or "pic", as in "a ten-puff capacitor".<ref>{{cite web |title=Puff |url=http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Puff.html |publisher=Wolfram Research |accessdate=2009-06-09}}</ref> If [[Mu (letter)|the Greek letter μ]] is not available, the notation "uF" is often used as a substitute for "μF" in electronics literature. A "micro-microfarad" (μμF, and confusingly often mmf or MMF), an obsolete unit sometimes found in older texts, is the equivalent of a picofarad.<ref>In texts prior to 1960, '''mf''' rather than the modern '''µF''' frequently represented microfarads. Similarly, '''mmf''' represented picofarads.</ref> Industrial parts (e.g. automotive, lighting) sometimes use the abbreviation MFD instead of µF.<ref>{{cite web |title=Microfarad |url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Microfarad |publisher=The Free Dictionary |accessdate=2012-08-13}}</ref>
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== Satuan CGS ==
▲The reciprocal of capacitance is called [[electrical elastance]], the (non-standard, non-SI) unit of which is the [[daraf]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Daraf |url=http://www.websters-dictionary-online.com/definitions/daraf |publisher=Webster's Online Dictionary |accessdate=2009-06-19}}</ref>
Satuan '''abfarad''' (disingkat abF) merupakan satuan [[CGS]] yang tidak dipakai lagi untuk kapasitansi, yang nilainya sama dengan {{10^|9}} farad (1 gigafarad, GF). Ini merupakan satuan yang sangat besar dan hanya digunakan dalam terminologi kedokteran.
Satuan '''statfarad''' (disingkat statF) merupakan satuan CGS yang jarang dipakai, sama dengan kapasitansi suatu kapasitor dengan muatan 1 [[:en:statcoulomb|statcoulomb]] dengan perbedaan potensial 1 [[:en:statvolt|statvolt]]. Ini setara dengan 1/(10<sup>-5</sup>c<sup>2</sup>) farad, kira-kira 1,1126 pikofarad.
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Kapasitansi]]
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