Serangan lintas perbatasan di Sabah: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
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Baris 1:
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Serangan Moro di Malaysia
| image = Moro attacks on Sabah (19th century-present).png
| image_size = 350px
| caption = Serangan Moro ke atas Sabah dari kurun ke-19 hingga kini.
| date = Recorded since 1846s<ref name="R.N.1846">{{cite book|author=CAPTAIN THE HON. HENRY KEPPEL, R.N.|title=THE EXPEDITION TO BORNEO OF H.M.S. DIDO FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF PIRACY|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZqAuaWxRhpEC&pg=PA214|year=1846|pages=214–}}</ref> – present<br>({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|year1=1846|year2=2014}})
| place = Utara dan bahagian timur [[Kalimantan]] <br> (Serangan saat ini)
| territory =
| result = Sedang berjalan
* Serangan bajak laut di barat Sabah berhasil dihentikan dan kehancuran benteng terakhir bajak laut di Tunku iaitu timur Sabah oleh Inggris.<ref>{{cite book|author=Oxford Business Group|title=The Report: Sabah 2011|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nKJoQ4o-_DsC&pg=PA12|publisher=Oxford Business Group|isbn=978-1-907065-36-1|pages=12–}}</ref>
* Deportasi [[Nur Misuari]] ke Filipina pada tahun 2001 setelah ia tinggal secara ilegal di sebuah pulau di Sabah untuk melarikan diri dari otoritas Filipina setelah pemberontakan yang gagal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/radio/onairhighlights/427980|title=Nur Misuari to be repatriated to stand trial|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=20 Disember 2001|accessdate=8 Juli 2014|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20140705093825/http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/radio/onairhighlights/427980|archivedate=5 July 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref>
* Pembentukan [[Komisi Penyelidikan terhadap imigran ilegal di Sabah|RCI]] pada tahun 2012.
* Pembentukan [[Perintah Keselamatan Timur Sabah|ESSCOM]] and [[Zona Keamanan Timur Sabah|ESSZONE]] pada tahun 2013.<ref name = "endOP">{{cite web|url= http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2013/06/29/Ops-daulat-Lahad-datu.aspx |title = Lahad Datu: Ops Daulat officially ends today| first = Muguntan | last = Vanar| publisher = [[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]|date= 29 Juni 2013 | accessdate=11 Oktober 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/fullstory/72588 |title= ESSCOM will continue to hold programmes on security within ESSZONE | work = The New Sabah Times |date = 22 Oktober 2013 |accessdate= 26 Oktober 2013 | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20140629152805/http://www.newsabahtimes.com.my/nstweb/fullstory/72588 |archivedate=29 Juni 2014 | deadurl = no}}</ref>
* Deportasi ribuan [[imigran ilegal di Malaysia|imigran ilegal Filipina]] di Sabah karena mereka menjadi musuh insider dan pengkhianat ketika [[Konflik Sabah 2013|kebuntuan 2013]].<ref name = "illegals">{{cite web | url = http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/global-filipino/03/24/14/over-26000-filipino-illegal-migrants-return-sabah |title=Over 26,000 Filipino illegal migrants return from Sabah | first =Mayen | last = Jaymalin|publisher = ABS-CBN News| work = The Philippine Star | date = 25 Maret 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="provide">{{cite web|url= http://www.theantdaily.com/Top-Stories/-Localised-illegal-immigrants-helping-foreign-relatives-in-Sabah/ |title=‘Localised’ illegal immigrants helping ‘foreign’ relatives in Sabah | first =Kanul | last = Gindol | publisher =The Ant Daily|date=31 Mei 2014 | accessdate =5 November 2014}}</ref>
| status =
| combatants_header =
| combatant1 = {{flag|Empayar Inggris}}
* {{flag|Kerajaan Sarawak|1848}} (1862)<ref name="attacks" group="note">Lihat [[Pertempuran Mukah]].</ref>
* {{flag|Borneo Utara}} (1882–1946)
* {{flagicon|Borneo Utara|1948}} [[Koloni Mahkota Borneo Utara|Mahkota Borneo Utara]] (1946–63)
{{flag|Australia}} (1959–66)<br />
{{flag|Selandia Baru}} (1957–66)
----
{{flag|Malaysia}} (1963–kini)
* {{flag|Sabah}}
----
'''Didukung oleh:'''<br />
{{flag|Brunei}} (pada tahun 1847 dan 2015)<ref>{{cite book|author=Ranjit Singh|title=Brunei, 1839–1983: the problems of political survival|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XXUfAAAAMAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-582571-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Steven Runciman|title=The White Rajah: A History of Sarawak from 1841 to 1946|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=m4_O9GB4KBoC&pg=PA116|date=3 February 2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-12899-5|pages=116–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Nicholas Tarling|title=Southeast Asia and the Great Powers|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=h0jNY-uPXKoC&pg=PA58|date=17 Juni 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-22941-2|pages=58–}}</ref><ref name="present">{{cite web|url=http://airheadsfly.com/2015/01/23/brunei-gives-four-black-hawks-as-present-to-malaysia/|title=Brunei gives four Black Hawks as present to Malaysia|author=Marcel Burger|publisher=AIRheads|date=23 Januari 2015|accessdate=24 Januari 2015}}</ref>
{{flag|Filipina}} (pada tahun 2013)<ref name = "not allow">{{cite web|url= http://globalnation.inquirer.net/67373/aquino-i-wont-allow-sulu-sultan-to-drag-ph-into-war-with-malaysia |title=Aquino: I won’t allow Sulu sultan to drag PH into war with Malaysia| first =Michael Lim | last = Ubac|publisher = The [[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date= 7 Maret 2013|accessdate=5 November 2014 | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20140724170821/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/67373/aquino-i-wont-allow-sulu-sultan-to-drag-ph-into-war-with-malaysia | archivedate = 24 Juli 2014 | deadurl = no | quote = President Aquino said in a statement, ‘I appeal to you (Jamalul Kiram III) — we should be really clear on this — this incident is wrong. If this is wrong, why should we (the government) lend support to this? We should support what is right… which will lead us to brighter prospects; the wrong option will only bring us ruin. That's it, that's my simple message.’ He also added ‘Let's not forget: What they (the Jamalul Kiram III faction) are pushing for is their right as so-called heirs of the sultan of Sulu. It's not yet clear if their rights have been transferred to the Philippines. But we (the Philippines citizens and our nation) will all be affected by their conflict (with Malaysia).’}}</ref>
| combatant2 = {{flagicon|Kesultanan Sulu|1700}} [[Bajak laut Moro]] (sejak 1846)
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{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Abu Sayyaf]] (2000–kini)
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{{flagicon image|Ph mnlf-tripoli.gif}} [[Front Pembebasan Nasional Moro (fraksi Misuari faction)|Misuari MNLF]] (2001–kini)
----
{{flag|Kesultanan Sulu|modern}} (fraksi Jamalul Kiram) (2013–kini)
----
'''Didukung oleh:'''<br />
{{flagdeco|Filipina|1936}} [[Filipina]] (1963–68)
| combatant3 =
| commander1 = {{flagdeco|Britania Raya}} [[Henry Keppel]] (1846–49)<br />{{flagdeco|Britania Raya}} [[James Brooke]] (1846–49)<br />{{flagdeco|Britania Raya}} Johnson Brooke (1862)<br />{{flagdeco|Britania Raya}} [[William Burgess Pryer|William Pryer]] (1879)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etawau.com/Geography/Sabah/4_SandakanDivision/Sandakan/Heritage_Trail.htm|title=Sandakan Heritage Trail|publisher=etawau|date=3 April 2014|accessdate=7 November 2014|quote=William Pryer was the founder of modern Sandakan in 1879. He cleared the bay of pirates and took the first steps to eliminate slavery which was rampant at the time.}}</ref><br />{{flagdeco|Britania Raya}} [[Roland Evelyn Turnbull|Roland Turnbull]] (1954–59)<ref name="Poulgrain1998">{{cite book|author=Greg Poulgrain|title=The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, 1945–1965|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=S3eCr4q02RcC&pg=PA177|year=1998|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=978-1-85065-513-8|pages=177–}}</ref>
----
{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Najib Razak]] (kini)<br />{{flagdeco|Malaysia}} [[Musa Aman]] (kini)
----
'''Didukung oleh:'''<br />
{{flagdeco|Filipina}} [[Benigno Aquino III]]<ref name="not allow" />
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|18th Century Flag of Sulu.svg}} Berbagai pemimpin bajak laut<br />{{flagicon image|18th Century Flag of Sulu.svg}} Saudara Muktadil (sejak 2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=90859|title=Sabah kidnaps work of Muktadil brothers: Cops|publisher=[[Daily Express (Sabah)|Daily Express]]|date=24 Agustus 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref>
----
{{flagicon image|Ph mnlf-tripoli.gif}} [[Nur Misuari]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.astroawani.com/news/show/mnlf-supports-sulu-claim-says-nur-misuari-faction-9877|title=MNLF supports Sulu claim, says Nur Misuari faction|author=Teoh El Sen|publisher=Astro Awani|date=14 Maret 2013|accessdate=5 November 2014|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20140705095938/http://english.astroawani.com/news/show/mnlf-supports-sulu-claim-says-nur-misuari-faction-9877|archivedate=5 Juli 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mysinchew.com/node/99892|title=Nur Misuari involved, says Zahid|work=Bernama|publisher=[[Sin Chew Daily|MySinChew English]]|date=16 Juli 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20140716094527/http://www.mysinchew.com/node/99892|archivedate=16 Juli 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref>
----
{{flagdeco|Kesultanan Sulu|modern}} [[Jamalul Kiram III]] [[Meninggal|{{unicode|☠}}]]<br />{{flagdeco|Kesultanan Sulu|modern}} Agbimuddin Kiram [[Meninggal|{{unicode|☠}}]]<br />{{flagdeco|Kesultanan Sulu|modern}} [[Ismael Kiram II]]<ref name="ip">{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/01/27/Sulu-Phugdal-Raja-muda/|title=Self-styled Sulu Sultan names Phugdal to be Raja Muda|author=Rashvinjeet S. Bedi|publisher=The Star|date=27 Januari 2015|accessdate=27 Januari 2015}}</ref><br />{{flagdeco|Kesultanan Sulu|modern}} Phudgal Kiram<ref name="ip"/>
----
'''Didukung oleh:'''<br />
{{flagdeco|Filipina|1936}} [[Diosdado Macapagal]]<br />{{flagdeco|Filipina|1936}} [[Ferdinand Marcos]]
| commander3 =
| units1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Angkatan Bersenjata Inggris]]<ref name="Poulgrain1998"/><br />{{navy|Australia}}<ref name="Pfennigwerth2008">{{cite book|author=Ian Pfennigwerth|title=Tiger Territory: The Untold Story of the Royal Australian Navy in Southeast Asia from 1948 to 1971|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=X2oU07qFWx4C&pg=PA69|year=2008|publisher=Rosenberg|isbn=978-1-877058-65-3|pages=69–}}</ref><br />{{navy|Selandia Baru}}<ref name="OfficeDept1957">{{cite book|author1=New Zealand. Registrar-General's Office|author2=New Zealand. Census and Statistics Dept|author3=New Zealand. Dept. of Statistics|coauthors=New Zealand. Statistics New Zealand|title=New Zealand official yearbook|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=c-8YAQAAIAAJ|year=1957|publisher=Dept. of Statistics.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=New Zealand. Dept. of External Affairs|title=External Affairs Review|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=iEQgAAAAMAAJ|year=1963}}</ref>
----
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Malaysian Armed Forces.svg}} [[Angkatan Bersenjata Malaysia]] <br> {{flagicon image|Royal Malaysian Police.svg}} [[Polisi Diraja Malaysia]]
----
{{flagicon image|Naval Jack of the Philippines.svg}} [[Angkatan Laut Filipina]] (memantau)<ref name="ph naval">{{cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/2/22/nation/20130222100058|title=Lahad Datu Standoff: Philippines naval ships in Tawi-Tawi waters to help stabilise situation|first=Muguntan|last=Vanar|work=The Star|date=22 Februari 2013|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref>
| units2 = {{flagicon image|18th Century Flag of Sulu.svg}} Bajak laut Moro<br />{{flagicon image|18th Century Flag of Sulu.svg}} Saudara Muktadil<ref name="muk">{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/06/22/Muktadir-kin-mastermind-behind-kidnaps-Sources-Brothers-sell-hostages-to-Abu-Sayyaf/|title=Muktadir kin – mastermind behind kidnaps?|author1=PK Katharason|author2=Muguntan Vanar|author3=Ruben Sario|author4=Stephanie Lee|author5=Philip Golingai|publisher=The Star|date=22 Juni 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref>
----
{{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} Penggarong Abu Sayyaf
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{{flagicon image|Ph mnlf-tripoli.gif}} Pengikut Misuari
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{{flagdeco|Sulu Sultanate|modern}} Pasukan Keamanan Kerajaan Kesultanan Sulu dan Borneo Utara
| units3 =
| strength1 = {{plainlist |
'''Pasukan Inggris:'''
* [[HMS Dido]]
* [[Konstabulari|Konstabulari Inggris]]<ref name="Hurley2010">{{cite book|author=Vic Hurley|title=Swish of the Kris, the Story of the Moros, Authorized and Enhanced Edition|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qUkH7NgWlKUC&pg=PA203|date=1 Oktober 2010|publisher=Cerberus Books|isbn=978-0-615-38242-5|pages=203–}}</ref>
* [[Pasukan Dataran Tinggi Ratu (Seaforth dan Camerons)|Pasukan Dataran Tinggi Ratu]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Chris Bellamy|title=The Gurkhas: Special Force|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=WNumN3xIQRYC&pg=PT217|date=14 April 2011|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton|isbn=978-1-84854-515-1|pages=217–}}</ref>
** [[7th Duke Pasukan Penembak Gurkha Edinburgh|Pasukan Penembak Gurkha]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Great Britain. Colonial Office|title=Colony of North Borneo: Annual Report|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2DQdAAAAMAAJ|year=1961|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office}}</ref>
'''Pasukan Australia'''
* {{HMAS|Tobruk|D37|6}}<ref name="Pfennigwerth2008"/>
'''Pasukan Selandia Baru'''
* Beberapa kapal<ref name="OfficeDept1957"/>
'''Pasukan Malaysia:'''
* ~kira-kira 10,000
}}
| strength2 =
{{plainlist |
''Yang lain tidak diketahui''
'''Pengikut Kiram:'''
* 235<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/article/59091/sulu-governor-no-mnlf-rescue-mission-for-filipinos-in-sabah|title=Sulu Governor: No MNLF rescue mission for Filipinos in Sabah|author=Abigail C. Kwok|publisher=Inter Aksyon|date=10 April 2013|accessdate=8 November 2014|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
}}
| strength3 =
| casualties1 =
{{plainlist |
'''Pasukan Inggris:'''
* ~Diperkirakan 4 tewas<ref name="attacks" group="note"/><ref name="Hurley2010"/><ref name="major">{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/~/media/Images/TSOL/Photos-Gallery/Nation/2014/06/22/cross%20border%20crimes%20new%20new.ashx/|title=Major incidences of Sabah cross-border crimes|publisher=The Star|accessdate=6 November 2014}}</ref>
* ~Diperkirakan 3 terluka<ref name="attacks" group="note"/><ref name="Eklöf2006">{{cite book|author=Stefan Eklöf|title=Pirates in Paradise: A Modern History of Southeast Asia's Maritime Marauders|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=SlDe_cmh3mgC&pg=PA38|date=1 Januari 2006|publisher=NIAS Press|isbn=978-87-91114-37-3|pages=38–}}</ref>
'''Pasukan Malaysia:'''
* 11 tewas<ref name="stats">{{cite AV media|url=http://www.astroawani.com/videos/show/buletin-awani/kronologi-pencerobohon-lahad-datu-25523|title=Kronologi pencerobohon Lahad Datu|language=Malay|medium = video|time = 1:20|publisher =[[Astro Awani]]|date=15 February 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="ck">{{cite web|url=http://tvnz.co.nz/world-news/malaysian-cop-killed-another-kidnapped-in-sabah-6026311|title=Malaysian cop killed, another kidnapped in Sabah|work=[[One News (New Zealand)|One News]]|publisher=[[Television New Zealand]]|date=13 Juli 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref>
* 12 terluka<ref name="stats"/>
* 1 diculik<ref name="ck"/><ref name="extremists">{{cite web|url=http://www.gulf-times.com/asean-philippines/188/details/410437/extremists-threaten-to-kill-malaysian-hostage|title=Extremists threaten to kill Malaysian hostage|publisher=[[Gulf Times]]|date=30 September 2014|accessdate=7 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="released">{{cite web|url=http://www.mindanaoexaminer.com/news.php?news_id=20141210092845|title=Abu Sayyaf frees Malaysian hostage in Philippines despite massive military campaign|publisher=Mindanao Examiner|date=10 December 2014|accessdate=11 December 2014}}</ref>
}}
| casualties2 =
{{plainlist |
'''Bajak laut Moro:'''
* ~Diperkirakan 113 tewas<ref name="attacks" group="note"/><ref name="pirates">{{cite web|url=http://jati-dseas.um.edu.my/filebank/published_article/4259/12.%20171-188%20Ramli..%20Lanun%20Atau%20Mundu%20Di%20Sabah..%20Jati%209.pdf|title=Lanun atau Mundu di Sabah|publisher=[[University of Malaya]]|date=9 Disember 2004|accessdate=5 November 2014|author=Ramli Dollah|language=Malay|pages=176, 178 and 180 (6, 8 dan 10)|format=[[PDF]]}}</ref><ref name="attacks">{{cite web|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19851030&id=fjZWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KugDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2040,10656153|title=Filipino pirates wreak havoc in a Malaysian island paradise|author=Masayuki Doi|publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=30 Oktober 1985|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref>
* ~Diperkirakan 2 terluka<ref name="darkest">{{cite web|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19870924&id=emNPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=DZADAAAAIBAJ&pg=4938,4898789|title=Lahad Datu Recalls Its Blackest Monday|publisher=[[New Straits Times]]|date=24 September 1987|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref>
'''Pengikut Kiram:'''
* 70 tewas<ref name="stats"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/11/05/Sabah-cops-Penampang-RSF/|title=Sabah police chief: Penampang robbers were Sulu militants|author=Muguntan Vanar|publisher=The Star|date=5 November 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref>
* 3 terluka<ref name="stats"/>
'''Penyusup tak dikenal:'''
* 10 tewas<ref name="pirates"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/1208342|title=Intruder shot dead in boat off Semporna|author=Charles Ramendran|publisher=[[The Sun (Malaysia)|The Sun]]|date=26 Oktober 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref>
* 1 terluka<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/377863/news/nation/alleged-pinoy-intruder-shot-at-phl-malaysian-border-report|title=Alleged Pinoy intruder shot at PHL-Malaysian border —report|publisher=[[GMA News]]|date=5 September 2014|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref>
}}
| casualties3 =
{{plainlist |
* '''Korban sipil'''
* ~Diperkirakan 48 tewas<ref name="major"/><ref name="Eklöf2006"/><ref name="stats"/><ref name="attacks"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2013/11/17/2003577064|title=Abu Sayyaf behind Taiwanese man’s murder, wife’s kidnapping, police say|publisher=[[Taipei Times]]|date=17 November 2013|accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref>
* ~Diperkirakan 23 terluka<ref name="stats"/><ref name="attacks"/>
}}
| notes = ~ ''Total diperkirakan lebih tinggi dari apa yang telah ditampilkan.''
}}
'''Serangan Moro di Malaysia''' adalah serangkaian serangan oleh [[Orang Moro]] dari Selatan Filipina ke atas Malaysia Timur sejak [[Empayar Inggris|periode Inggris]].<ref name="Eklöf2006"/><ref name="Tagliacozzo2007">{{cite book|author=Eric Tagliacozzo|title=Secret Trades, Porous Borders: Smuggling and States Along a Southeast Asian Frontier, 1865–1915|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RqifJYxKCKoC&pg=PA115|year=2007|publisher=NUS Press|isbn=978-9971-69-385-5|pages=115–}}</ref> Banyak warga sipil tewas atau menderita selama insiden ini, menyebabkan peningkatan sentimen anti-Filipina di antara penduduk asli Sabah, terutama setelah serangan besar pada tahun [[Penyergapan Sabah 1985|1985]], [[Penculikan Sipadan 2000|2000]] dan [[Konflik Sabah 2013|2013]].
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