Bus: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Gambar:Bus di Helsinki.jpg|thumb|200px|Bus di Helsinki, Finlandia]]
'''Bus''' atau '''bis''' adalah [[kendaraan]] besar yang beroda, diperuntukan membawa penumpang dalam jumlah besar. Istilah bus ini berasal dari [[bahasa Inggris]], omnibus, yang berarti ''untuk semua orang''.
== Jenis ==
=== Coach / Motorcoach ===
[[coach]] atau [[motorcoach]] biasanya adalah kendaraan yang dirancang untuk bepergian jarak jauh dari bis biasa. Sebagai hasilnya dia dilengkapi dengan kursi yang lebih nyaman, sebuah ruangan untuk tempat bagasi, dan mesin yang lebih besar. Kendaraan ini biasanya lebih tinggi dari bis biasa, dan dilengkapi dengan a.c., toilet, dan sistem audio/video.
Coaches / motorcoach adalah kendaraan yang fleksibel yang dapat digunakan untuk pariwisata, perjalanan liburan atau perjalanan antar-kota.
=== Bis tingkat ===
[[Image:TourBus.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Bis wisata adalah sebuah atraksi wisatawan yang umum di kota-kota besar.]]
[[Bis tingkat]] dirancang dengan dua lantai agar dapat memuat lebih banyak penumpang. Dikenal sebagai bagian dari transportasi publik di [[Jakarta]] dan juga di beberapa kota besar lain seperti [[London]], [[Bombay]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Singapura]], [[Dublin]], [[Berlin]], [[Davis, California]], dan [[Victoria, British Columbia]].
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London's [[Routemaster]] is a specific model of double-decker bus, which has been in service since the mid [[1950s]], and has become something of an [[icon]] for [[London]]. It has an open rear platform for passenger entry and exit. The driver occupies a half-cab isolated from the passenger section and fare collection is the responsibility of a roving [[Conductor (transportation)|conductor]]. Routemasters are being withdrawn from many routes and replaced by either more modern double-deckers or single-deck articulated buses (below). However it is hoped that they can be retained on at least one route for heritage purposes.
The additional height of a double-deck vehicle make them appealing for use on city [[sightseeing]] tours, even in cities around the world that do not utilize them for normal services. Buses are generally constructed with large windows and/or an open top deck offering the best possible vantage point from inside a vehicle.
In area where [[double-decker bus]] operation is not typical, including the [[United States]], there have been numerous experiments using them on high-capacity routes, but often this has proved impractical because the infrastructure (bridges, overhead cables, etc) has not been designed for their additional height.
=== Articulated buses ===
[[Image:CTA-articulated-bus.jpg|right|thumb|300px|An articulated bus operated by the [[Chicago Transit Authority|CTA]] in [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]]]]
[[Articulated bus]]es (also known as a ''artic'', ''bendy bus'' or ''long bus'' in some places) are another permutation for increasing passenger capacity around the world. Found almost exclusively in [[public transport]] use, these buses are so long that they would not otherwise be able to negotiate city traffic. To make them nimble enough they are fitted with an extra pair of wheels and a flexible [[joint]] (usually located slightly behind the midpoint of the bus, behind the second pair of wheels). Some models of articulated buses have a steering arrangement on the rearmost axle which turns slightly in opposition to the front steering axle, which allows the vehicle to negotiate turns in a somewhat crab-like fashion, an arrangement similar to that used on long hook-and-ladder [[fire truck]]s operating in city environs.
Some buses have two flexible joints, and these are called bi-articulated. Some rare combinations between double decker and articulated buses also exist, but neither are in common use.
=== Low-floor buses ===
[[Low-floor]] buses were developed towards the end of the [[20th century]] and can increasingly be found all over the world. A major design advantage of a low-floor bus is that it generally can more easily be made accessible to mobility-impaired passengers, who may require the use of [[wheelchairs]], canes, or similar devices. The proximity of the bus floor to kerbs or ground level may avoid the need for passengers to either negotiate steps or deploy an elevator (or wheelchair-lift) when boarding and disembarking. Normally, the bus is built with no steps at all, giving a flat floor for wheelchair users to acces the vehicle. In the U.K all buses must be low-floor by 2016, to comply with [[Disability Discrimination Act]] (DDA) Regulations. [[Transport for London]] (TfL) specifies that all service buses are low-floor.
=== Minibuses ===
[[Minibus]]es are smaller than the ordinary tourist or public transport bus, and are intended to carry from (about) eight to twenty passengers. Due to their smaller size they are often used on routes with few passengers, on narrow rural roads, or on routes where the service frequency is high. In the 1980's several bus operators in the UK converted to high frequency minibus operation, most notably [[Devon General]].
Some minibuses are built from other vehicles that were not originally designed as buses. Examples include the ''[[songthaew]]s'' of [[Thailand]] (converted from [[pickup truck]]s), the [[Philippines|Filipino]] ''[[jeepney]]'' ([[jeep]]), the Turkish ''[[dolmus]]'' and Israeli ''[[sherut]]'' ([[minivan]]), etc. In many parts of Africa, they are called ''[[matatu]]'', see [[Transportation in Kenya]]. In [[Peru]], minibuses are the most popular means of public transportation and are known as [[Micro (transport)|micros]].
=== Trolleybus ===
A [[trolleybus]] is a bus driven by electricity supplied from [[overhead wire]]s by [[trolley]] poles.
=== Guided bus ===
[[Guided bus]]es are steered for part or all of their route by a track or rail.
=== Shuttle buses ===
Some buses are termed '''shuttle buses''', or ''shuttles'', after the weaving [[shuttle]], because they operate on a short fixed route making repetitive and frequent trips. Shuttle buses often are used to service two or more transport terminals, such as a rail station, port or airport, or between nearby locations in a traffic-congested area.
=== Neighbourhood bus ===
A '''neighbourhood bus''' in the [[Netherlands]], ''buurtbus'', is a complementary public transport service with minibus by [[volunteer]] drivers in [[rural]] areas, where regular public transport is not feasible.
=== School bus ===
[[Image:Laidlaw school bus.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Laidlaw]] School Bus]]
A ''[[school bus]]'' transports children between their [[home]]s and [[school]]. In the US a school bus is usually a [[school bus yellow|distinctive yellow]] and is equipped with traffic warning lights and other safety equipment to be used when loading and unloading passengers. Usually operated by school districts or [[school bus contractor|contract bus service providers]], the ''school bus'' is used to transport children to and from school when they live beyond safe walking distances.
First Student is now introducing yellow buses in to the U.K. However most school services are operated using normal buses or coaches.
In other countries, school buses may not necessarily be yellow. Buenos Aires, and possibly Argentine school buses and vans are [[Orange (colour)|orange]] and marked "escolares."
=== Training buses ===
A [[training bus]] is a special kind of bus that is used by bus companies for training the driving skills of bus drivers. It is also used to train the driving skill of a person who is learning to become a bus driver. Driving a training bus on the road is an important part of driving training, as it is the most practical to train one's driving skill.
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==Pranala luar==
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