Genosida Yunani: Perbedaan antara revisi

'''Genosida Yunani''' (oleh [[bangsa Yunani|orang Yunani]] disebut juga '''Pembantaian''' (''η Σφαγή''), '''Malapetaka Besar''' (''η Μεγάλη Καταστροφή''), atau '''Tragedi Besar''' (''η Μεγάλη Τραγωδία'')<ref>{{Citation | last = Hatzidimitriou | first = Constantine G | title = American Accounts Documenting the Destruction of Smyrna by the Kemalist Turkish Forces: September 1922 | place = New Rochelle, [[New York|NY]] | publisher = Caratzas | year = 2005 | page = 1}}.</ref>) sebagiannya disebut '''Genosida Pontos''', adalah pemusnahan etnis sistematis penduduk [[orang Yunani Utsmaniyah|Yunani Utsmaniyah]] Kristen dari tanah air historis mereka di [[Anatolia]] selama [[Perang Dunia I]] dan sesudahnya (1914–23). Peristiwa ini dilakukan oleh pemerintah [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]] terhadap warga Yunani di wilayah Kesultanan dan meliputi pembantaian, deportasi paksa yang melibatkan perjalanan maut, pengusiran di tempat, eksekusi acak, dan penghancuran unsur budaya, sejarah, dan monumen [[Gereja Ortodoks Timur|Ortodoks Kristen]]. Menurut beberapa sumber, beberapa ratus ribu orang Yunani Utsmaniyah tewas akibat peristiwa ini.{{Sfn | Jones | 2006 | pp = 154–55}} Sebagian besar pengungsi dan korban selamat melarikan diri ke Yunani, jumlahnya sekitar lebih dari seperempat dari total penduduk Yunani saat itu.<ref>Howland, Charles P. [http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/68710/charles-p-howland/greece-and-her-refugees "Greece and Her Refugees"], ''Foreign Affairs,'' [[The Council on Foreign Relations]]. July, 1926.</ref> Beberapa lainnya, terutama dari provinsi-provinsi Timur, mengungsi ke [[Kekaisaran Rusia]]. Akibatnya, setelah [[Perang Yunani-Turki (1919–1922)|Perang Yunani-Turki 1919–22]] berakhir, sebagian besar orang Yunani di Asia Kecil telah pergi atau dibunuh.<ref name=Gibney>{{cite book |author=Matthew J. Gibney, [[Randall Hansen]]. |title=Immigration and Asylum: from 1900 to the Present, Volume 3 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location= |year=2005 |page=377 |isbn=1-57607-796-9 |quote=The total number of Christians who fled to Greece was probably in the region of I.2 million with the main wave occurring in 1922 before the signing of the convention. According to the official records of the Mixed Commission set up to monitor the movements, the "Greeks' who were transferred after 1923 numbered 189,916 and the number of Muslims expelled to Turkey was 355,635 [Ladas I932, 438-439; but using the same source Eddy 1931, 201 states that the post-1923 exchange involved 192,356 Greeks from Turkey and 354,647 Muslims from Greece.}}</ref> Mereka yang tetap tinggal di Kesultanan Utsmaniyah dipindahkan ke Yunani sesuai perjanjian [[pertukaran penduduk antara Yunani dan Turki]] 1923, yang mengesahkan eksodus dan melarang kembalinya para pengungsi. Suku bangsa lain juga diserang oleh Kesultanan Utsmaniyah pada masa itu, termasuk [[Genosida Asiria|Asiria]] dan [[genosida Armenia|Armenia]], dan beberapa sejarawan serta organisasi menganggap penyerangan tersebut Sebagai bagian dari kebijakan pemusnahan yang sama.{{Sfn | Jones |2010| pp = [http://books.google.com/books?id=BqdVudSuTRIC&pg=PA172 171–2] | ps =: ‘A resolution was placed before the IAGS membership to recognize the Greek and Assyrian/Chaldean components of the Ottoman genocide against Christians, alongside the Armenian strand of the genocide (which the IAGS has already formally acknowledged). The result, passed emphatically in December 2007 despite not inconsiderable opposition, was a resolution which I co-drafted, reading as follows:...’}}<ref>{{citation | publisher = International Association of Genocide Scholars | format = [[PDF]] | url = http://web.archive.org/web/20080428051032/http://genocidescholars.org/images/Resolution_on_genocides_committed_by_the_Ottoman_Empire.pdf| title = IAGS Resolution on Genocides committed by the Ottoman Empire retrieved via the Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | url = http://news.am/eng/news/16644.html | title = Genocide Resolution approved by Swedish Parliament | type = full text | newspaper = News | place = AM}}, containing both the IAGS and the Swedish resolutions.</ref><ref>Gaunt, David. ''[http://books.google.se/books?id=4mug9LrpLKcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Massacres,+Resistance,+Protectors&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I]''. Piscataway, [[New Jersey|NJ]]: Gorgias Press, 2006.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/14623520801950820 | last1 = Schaller | first1 = Dominik J | last2 = Zimmerer | first2 = Jürgen | year = 2008 | title = Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies&nbsp;– introduction | url = | journal = Journal of Genocide Research | volume = 10 | issue = 1| pages = 7–14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | publisher = International Association of Genocide Scholars | format = PDF | url = http://www.genocidescholars.org/sites/default/files/document%09%5Bcurrent-page%3A1%5D/documents/IAGS-Resolution-Assyrian%20and%20Greek%20Genocide.pdf | title = Resolution on genocides committed by the Ottoman empire}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | last = Gaunt | first = David | url = http://books.google.se/books?id=4mug9LrpLKcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Massacres,+Resistance,+Protectors&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false | title = Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I | place = Piscataway, [[New Jersey|NJ]] | publisher = Gorgias | year = 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/14623520801950820 | last1 = Schaller | first1 = Dominik J | last2 = Zimmerer | first2 = Jürgen | year = 2008 | title = Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies&nbsp;– introduction | journal = Journal of Genocide Research | volume = 10 | issue = 1| pages = 7–14}}</ref>