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'''Edgar F. "Ted" Codd''' ([[23 Agustus]] [[1923]] – [[18 April]] [[2003]]) adalah seorang pakar komputer dari [[Inggris]] yang banyak memberikan kontribusi penting di bidang teori basis data relasional. Ketika bekerja di [[International Business Machines|IBM]], ia menciptakan [[model relasional]] untuk manajemen basis data.
== Biografi==
Edgar Frank Codd lahir di [[Portland, Dorset]], Inggris. Ia belajar [[matematika]] dan [[kimia]] di [[Exeter College, Oxford|Exeter College]], [[Oxford University|Oxford]], dan kemudian menjadi pilot di [[Royal Air Force]] pada masa [[Perang Dunia Kedua]]. Pada tahun [[1948]] Codd pindah ke [[New York]] dan bekerja pada IBM sebagai pemrogram matematika. Pada tahun [[1953]], karena kesal dengan Senator [[Joseph McCarthy]], Codd pindah ke [[Ottawa]], [[Canada]]. Sepuluh tahun kemudian ia kembali ke [[Amerika Serikat|AS]] dan menyelesaikan program doktoral di bidang ilmu komputer di [[University of Michigan]], [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]]. Dua tahun setelah itu ia pindah ke [[San Jose, California]] dan bekerja pada lembaga riset [[IBM]], [[Almaden Research Center]].
Pada tahun [[1960-an]] dan [[1970-an]] Codd mengembangkan teori-teori tentang pengaturan data, dan menulis makalah yang berjudul "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks" pada tahun 1970. Namun sayangnya, IBM lambat dalam mengimplementasikan teori-teori tersebut, hingga akhirnya para saingannya mulai menerapkan implementasi model relasional pada basis data.
<!-- Initially, IBM refused to implement the relational model in order to preserve revenue from [[IMS/DB]]. Codd then showed IBM customers the potential of the implementation of its model, and they in turn pressured IBM. Then IBM included in its [[Future System]] project a [[System R]] subproject — but put in charge of it developers who where not thoroughly familiar with Codd's ideas, and isolated the team from Codd. As a result, they did not use Codd's own [[Alpha (language)|Alpha]] language but created a non-relational one, [[SEQUEL]]. Even so, [[SEQUEL]] was so superior to pre-relational systems that it was copied, based on pre-launch papers presented at conferences, by [[Larry Ellison]] in his [[Oracle DBMS]], which actually reached market before [[SQL/DS]] — due to the then-already proprietary status of the original moniker, SEQUEL had been renamed [[SQL]].
Codd continued to develop and extend his relational model, sometimes in collaboration with [[Christopher J. Date | Chris Date]]. One of the normalized forms in [[Database normalization]] — the [[Boyce-Codd Normal Form]], is named after Codd.
As the relational model started to become fashionable in the early [[1980s]], Codd fought a sometimes bitter campaign to prevent the term being misused by database vendors who had merely added a relational veneer to older technology. As part of this campaign, he published his [[Codd's 12 rules|12 rules]] to define what constituted a relational database. His campaign extended to the [[SQL]] language, which he regarded as an incorrect implementation of the theory. This made his position in [[IBM]] increasingly difficult, so he left to form his own consulting company with [[Christopher J. Date|Chris Date]] and others.
Edgar Codd also coined the term ''[[OLAP]]'' and wrote the twelve laws of online analytical processing. Codd also contributed knowledge in the area of [[cellular automata]].
Codd received a [[Turing Award]] in [[1981]].
Edgar F. Codd died of [[heart failure]] at his home in [[Williams Island, Florida]] at the age of 79 on Friday [[April 18th]], 2003.
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== Lihat pula ==
* [[12 hukum Codd]]
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