Keutamaan Uskup Roma

Keutamaan Uskup Roma, atau keutamaan kepausan (bahasa Inggris: papal primacy), adalah suatu doktrin gerejawi mengenai rasa hormat dan otoritas yang diatribusikan kepada paus dari para uskup yang lain dan takhta mereka.

Aidan Nichols, seorang akademisi Inggris dan imam Katolik Roma, menuliskan bahwa "pada dasarnya, hanya satu isu penting yang memisahkan Gereja Ortodoks dan Katolik, dan itu adalah isu keutamaan".

Seorang peneliti Ortodoks Perancis bernama Jean-Claude Larchet mengatakan bahwa, bersamaan dengan kontroversi Filioque, perbedaan dalam penafsiran doktrin ini telah dan masih menjadi penyebab utama skisma antara Gereja Katolik Roma dan Gereja Ortodoks Timur. Dalam Gereja Ortodoks Timur, beberapa pihak memahami keutamaan Uskup Roma sebagai suatu kehormatan yang lebih tinggi, memandangnya sebagai primus inter pares ("yang pertama di antara yang sederajat"), tanpa kekuasaan efektif atas gereja-gereja lain.

Bagaimanapun, para teolog Kristen Ortodoks lainnya memandang keutamaan sebagai kekuasaan otoritatif: pengungkapan, manifestasi, dan realisasi kekuasaan dari semua uskup dan dari kesatuan Gereja ke dalam diri seorang uskup.

Gereja Katolik Roma mengatribusikan pada keutamaan Paus "kuasa penuh, tertinggi, dan universal atas keseluruhan Gereja, suatu kuasa yang dapat selalu ia jalankan tanpa hambatan", suatu kuasa yang juga diatribusikannya kepada segenap badan para uskup yang bersatu dengan sang paus. Kuasa yang diatribusikannya kepada otoritas primasial sang paus terbatas dalam hal-hal resmi, hukum, dogmatis, dan praktis.

Dalam Dokumen Ravenna, yang dikeluarkan pada tahun 2007, perwakilan-perwakilan dari Gereja Ortodoks dan Gereja Katolik Roma bersama-sama menyatakan bahwa kedua belah pihak dari Timur dan Barat menerima kenyataan tentang keutamaan Uskup Roma pada tingkatan universal, kendati terdapat perbedaan-perbedaan pemahaman mengenai bagaimana keutamaan ini dipraktikkan serta mengenai dasar-dasar biblis dan teologisnya.

Lihat pula

• Dogma Katolik Roma
• Dokumen Ravenna
• Donasi Konstantinus
• Hamba para hamba Allah
• Infalibilitas kepausan
• Kekuasaan temporal (kepausan)
• Kolegialitas (Gereja Katolik)
• Konsili Vatikan I
• Kuria Roma
• Neo-ultramontanisme
• Perbedaan teologis Ortodoks Timur – Katolik Roma
• Pontifex Maximus
• Reformasi Gregorian
• Sejarah kepausan
• Ultramontanisme
• Unam Sanctam

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Pranala luar

•  Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "The Pope". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.