Dinasti Durrani
Dinasti Durrani (bahasa Pashtun: د درانيانو کورنۍ) didirikan pada tahun 1747 oleh Ahmad Shah Durrani di Kandahar, Afghanistan. Dia mempersatukan suku-suku Pashtun dan mendirikan Kekaisaran Durrani bersama sekutunya dari suku Baloch,[2] yang pada puncaknya meliputi Afganistan, Pakistan saat ini, serta beberapa bagian dari timur laut Iran, timur Turkmenistan, dan barat laut India termasuk region Kashmir.[2] Dinasti Durrani digantikan oleh Dinasti Barakzai selama paruh awal abad ke-19.
| Dinasti Durrani | |
|---|---|
| Berkas:Flag of the Abdali Afghan Tribes.jpeg | |
| Negara | Afganistan Lama 1747 |
| Kelompok etnis | Pashtun |
| Didirikan | 1747 |
| Pendiri | Ahmad Shah Durrani |
| Gelar | Amir, Raja |
| |
| Jumlah populasi | |
|---|---|
| 10 juta | |
| Daerah dengan populasi signifikan | |
| Afghanistan | |
| Bahasa | |
| Pashtun, Balochi | |
| Agama | |
| Mayoritas Islam Sunni |
![Shuja Shah Durrani (juga dikenal sebagai Shāh Shujāʻ, Shah Shujah, Shoja Shah, Shujah al-Mulk) (s. 4 November 1785 – 5 April 1842) adalah penguasa Kekaisaran Durrani dari 1803 hingga 1809. Dia kemudian memerintah dari 1839 hingga kematiannya tahun 1842. Shuja Shah berasal dari garis keturunan Sadduzai dari kelompok Abdali Pashtun. Dia menjadi Emir Afghanistan kelima.[1]](/wiki/Berkas:Shah-Shuja-ul-Mulk.png)
| Bagian dari seri artikel mengenai |
| Sejarah India |
|---|
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Ahmad Shah dan para keturunannya berasal dari garis keturunan Sadduzai dari Durranis (sebelumnya dikenal sebagai Abdalis), menjadikan mereka penguasa Pashtun kedua dari Kandahar setelah Dinasti Hotak.[3] Durrani sangat terkenal pada paruh kedua abad ke-18 terutama karena kepemimpinan Ahmad Shah Durrani.[4]
Lahirnya dinasti
Nader Shah's rule ended in June 1747 after being murdered by his Persian soldiers.[5] In October 1747, when the chiefs of the Afghans met at a loya jirga (grand council) in Kandahar to select a new ruler for the Abdali confederation, the young 25-year-old Ahmad Khan was chosen. Despite being younger than other claimants, Ahmad Khan had several overriding factors in his favour:
- He was a direct descendant of Asadullah Khan, patriarch of the Sadozai clan, the most prominent tribe amongst the Pashtun people at the time;
- He was unquestionably a charismatic leader and seasoned warrior who had at his disposal a trained, mobile force of 4,000 loyal cavalrymen;[4]
- Not least, he possessed a substantial part of Nadir Shah's treasury, including the Koh-i-Noor diamond.
One of Ahmad Khan's first acts as chief was to adopt the title Padshah durr-i durrān (King, "pearl of the age"[6] or "pearl of pearls").[4] The name may have been suggested, as some claim, from a dream, or as others claim, from the pearl earrings worn by the royal guard of Nadir Shah. The Abdali Pashtuns were known thereafter as the Durrani, and the name of the Abdali confederation was changed to Durrani.
Referensi
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica – Shah Shoja
- ^ a b Naseer Dashti (8 October 2012). The Baloch and Balochistan: A Historical Account from the Beginning to the Fall of the Baloch State. Trafford Publishing. hlm. 280. ISBN 978-1-4669-5897-5. Diakses tanggal 6 August 2013.
- ^ "Ahmad Shah and the Durrani Empire". Library of Congress Country Studies on Afghanistan. 1997. Diakses tanggal 2010-08-25.
- ^ a b c "The Durrani dynasty". Louis Dupree, Nancy Hatch Dupree and others. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2010. Diakses tanggal 2010-08-25.
- ^ Vogelsang, Willem (2003). The Afghans. Wiley-Blackwell. hlm. 228. ISBN 978-0-631-19841-3. Diakses tanggal 2010-08-25.
- ^ Vogelsang, Willem (2003). The Afghans. Wiley-Blackwell. hlm. 229. ISBN 978-0-631-19841-3. Diakses tanggal 2010-08-25.