Alpine Linux
Distribusi GNU/Linux
Alpine Linux is a Linux distribution based on musl and BusyBox, designed for security, simplicity, and resource efficiency.[3][4][5][6][7] It uses a hardened kernel and compiles all user space binaries as position-independent executables with stack-smashing protection.[8]
 | |
| Perusahaan / pengembang | Tim pengembang Alpine Linux |
|---|---|
| Keluarga | Linux |
| Status terkini | Tersedia |
| Model sumber | Sumber terbuka |
| Rilis perdana | Agustus 2005[1] |
| Rilis stabil terkini | 3.10.0 / 13 Juni 2019[2] |
| Repositori |  |
| Target pemasaran | Pengembang, power users |
| Ketersediaan bahasa | Multilingual |
| Manajer paket | APK |
| Dukungan platform | x86, x86-64, ARMhf, AArch64, ppc64le, s390x |
| Kernel type | Monolithic (Linux) |
| Ruang pengguna | BusyBox (GNU Core Utilities are optional) |
| Antarmuka bawaan | Command-line interface |
| Situs web resmi | alpinelinux |
Because of its small size, it's heavily used in containers providing quick boot up times.[9]
A fork of the distribution, postmarketOS, is designed to run on mobile devices.
History
Originally, Alpine Linux began as a fork of the LEAF Project.[1] The members of LEAF wanted to continue making a Linux distribution that could fit on a single floppy disk, whereas the Alpine Linux wished to include some more heavyweight packages such as Squid and Samba, as well as additional security features and a newer kernel. One of the original goals was to create a framework for larger systems; although usable for this purpose, this is no longer a primary goal.[butuh rujukan]
Version history
| Version | Release date[10][11] | End-of-life date[12] | Kernel release |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.0 | 2010-08-16 | 2012-04-01 | — |
| 2.1 | 2010-11-01 | 2012-11-01 | — |
| 2.2 | 2011-05-03 | 2013-05-01 | — |
| 2.3 | 2011-11-01 | 2013-11-01 | — |
| 2.4 | 2012-05-02 | 2014-05-01 | — |
| 2.5 | 2012-11-07 | 2014-11-01 | — |
| 2.6 | 2013-05-17 | 2015-05-01 | — |
| 2.7 | 2013-11-08 | 2015-11-01 | — |
| 3.0 | 2014-06-04 | 2016-05-01 | — |
| 3.1 | 2014-12-10 | 2016-11-01 | — |
| 3.2 | 2015-05-26 | 2017-05-01 | 3.18.xx |
| 3.3 | 2016-01-06 | 2017-11-01 | 4.1.xx |
| 3.4 | 2016-05-31 | 2018-05-01 | 4.4.xx |
| 3.5 | 2016-12-22 | 2018-11-01 | 4.4.xx |
| 3.6 | 2017-05-24 | 2019-05-01 | 4.9.xx |
| 3.7 | 2017-11-30 | 2019-11-01 | 4.9.xx |
| 3.8 | 2018-06-26 | 2020-05-01 | 4.14.xx |
| 3.9 | 2019-01-29 | 2021-01-01 | 4.19.xx |
| 3.10 | 2019-06-19 | 2021-05-01 | 4.19.xx |
| edge | rolling | — | — |
Legenda: Versi lama Versi lebih lama, tetapi masih didukung Versi terkini Versi pratayang terakhir | |||
Features
- Alpine uses its own package management system, apk-tools,[13] which originally was a collection of shell scripts but was later rewritten in C. Alpine currently contains most commonly used packages such as GNOME, Xfce, Firefox, and others.
- Alpine Linux can be installed as a run-from-RAM operating system. The LBU (Alpine Local Backup)[14] tool optionally allows all configuration files to be backed up to an APK overlay file (usually shortened to apkovl), a tar.gz file that by default stores a copy of all changed files in /etc (with the option to add more directories). This allows Alpine to work reliably in demanding embedded environments or to (temporarily) survive partial disk failures as sometimes experienced in public cloud environments.
- A hardened kernel was included in the default distribution for up to and including Alpine 3.7, which aids in reducing the impact of exploits and vulnerabilities. All packages are also compiled with stack-smashing protection to help mitigate the effects of userland buffer overflows.
- Alpine Linux by default includes patches that allow using efficient meshed VPNs using the DMVPN standard.
- Alpine Linux has reliably had excellent support of Xen hypervisors in up-to-date versions, which avoids issues as experienced with Enterprise Distributions. (The standard Linux hypervisor KVM, is also available.)
- The base system in Alpine Linux is designed to be only 4–5 MB in size (excluding the kernel).[butuh rujukan] This allows very small Linux containers, around 8 MB in size, while a minimal installation to disk might be around 130 MB.[8] The Linux kernel is much larger; the 3.18.16 kernel includes 121 MB of loadable kernel modules (primarily drivers) in addition to the 3.3 MB for the base x86-64 kernel image.[butuh rujukan]
- Alpine Configuration Framework (ACF): While optional, ACF is an application for configuring an Alpine Linux machine, with goals similar to Debian's debconf. It is a standard framework based on simple Lua scripts.[butuh rujukan]
- Alpine Linux previously used uClibc as its C standard library instead of the traditional GNU C Library (glibc) most commonly used. Although it is more lightweight, it does have the significant drawback of being binary incompatible with glibc. Thus, all software must be compiled for use with uClibc to work properly. As of April 9, 2014[15], Alpine Linux switched to musl, which is partially binary compatible with glibc.[16]
- The simple and lightweight OpenRC is the init system currently used by Alpine Linux.[17] Unlike many distributions, including Debian, Ubuntu, RHEL, Arch Linux and CentOS, Alpine does not use systemd.
References
- ^ a b "linux.leaf.devel - Re: [leaf-devel] 2.6.x kernel support? - msg#00039 - Recent Discussion OSDir.com". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 14 May 2016.
- ^ "Alpine Linux 3.10.0 Released". www.alpinelinux.org (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2019-05-16.
- ^ Review: Alpine Linux is made for Docker | InfoWorld
- ^ Alpine Linux 2 review | LinuxBSDos.com
- ^ Security-Oriented Alpine Linux 3.7 Has UEFI Support, GRUB Support in Installer, Softpedia News
- ^ 10 Most Secure Linux Distros For Complete Privacy & Anonymity | 2017 Edition, FossBytes
- ^ Is Docker ditching Ubuntu Linux? Confusion reigns | Network World
- ^ a b about | Alpine Linux
- ^ Meet Alpine Linux, Docker’s Distribution of Choice for Containers
- ^ Alpine Linux News archive
- ^ Announcements on DistroWatch.com
- ^ Alpine Linux:Releases
- ^ "Alpine Linux package management".
- ^ "Alpine local backup".
- ^ "Release notes". alpinelinux.org. Diakses tanggal 6 May 2018.
- ^ "musl FAQ".
- ^ "Alpine Linux Init System".