Pengepungan Akko (1291)
Pengepungan Akko (juga disebut Kejatuhan Akko) terjadi pada 1291 dan mengakibatkan kekalahan kota Akko yang dikuasai Tentara Salib atas Mamluk. Peristiwa tersebut dianggap menjadi salah satu pertempuran paling berpengaruh pada masa itu.
| Pengepungan Akko (1291) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bagian dari Perang Salib | |||||||||
 Marsekal Hospitalier Matthieu de Clermont[1] mempertahankan tembok saat Pengepungan Akko, 1291, oleh Dominique Papety (1815–49) di Versailles | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Pihak terlibat | |||||||||
 Mamluk |
 Kerajaan Yerusalem Kesatria Kenisah kesatria Hospitaller Kesatria Teutonik Kesatria Santo Tomas | ||||||||
| Tokoh dan pemimpin | |||||||||
|
Al-Ashraf Khalil |
Henry II dari Yerusalem Amalrik dari Tyre | ||||||||
| Kekuatan | |||||||||
| 200,000[2] |
Akko: 15,000[2] Cyprus: 700[3] | ||||||||
| Korban | |||||||||
| Tidak diketahui | Tidak diketahui | ||||||||
Referensi
- ^ Daunou; Émeric-David; Lajard, Félix; Paris, Paulin; Le Clerc, Victor; Fauriel (1842). Didot frères, Firmin; Treuttel; Wurtz, ed. Histoire littéraire de la France (dalam bahasa Prancis). 20. Paris: Imprimerie nationale. hlm. 83.
- ^ a b Folda (2005), pp. 485
- ^ Nicolle (2005), pp. 39
- Daftar pustaka
- Asili, B. (1992). Al-Zahir Baibars and the End of the Old Crusades. Beirut: Dar Alnafaes.
- Claster, Jill N. (2009). Sacred Violence: The European Crusades to the Middle East, 1095-1396. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781442604308.
- Folda, Jaroslav (2005). Crusader Art in the Holy Land, From the Third Crusade to the Fall of Acre. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521835831.
- Nicolle, David (2005). Acre 1291: Bloody sunset of the Crusader states. Osprey Publishing.
- Runciman, Steven (1951). A History of the Crusades. Cambridge University Press.
- The 'Templar of Tyre': Part III of the 'Deeds of the Cypriots'. Diterjemahkan oleh Crawford, Paul. Ashgate. 2003. ISBN 9781840146189.
Bacaan tambahan
- Antonio Musarra, Acri 1291. La caduta degli stati crociati, Bologna, il Mulino, 2017.
- Siege of Acre 1291
- The history of the crusades, Volume 3, pp 70–89 (Google Books, full view), by Joseph François Michaud, trans. William Robson. Note that in this account Acre is referred to as "Ptolemaïs", Sultan Qalawun as "Kalouan" and Khalil as "Chalil" and throughout the work Muslims are referred to as "Mussulmans". Several contemporary manuscripts, such as the chronicles of Ibn Ferat, are referenced and appendices give some translations.
- The Crusades by Edward Gibbon (1963), pp. 76–78, provides a useful short summary of the events of the siege including an overview of the situation in Acre at the time.