Arthur Koestler
Arthur Koestler, CBE (UK /ˈkɜːstlər/, US /ˈkɛst-/; Jerman: [ˈkœstlɐ]; bahasa Hungaria: Kösztler Artúr; 5 September 1905 – 1 Maret 1983) adalah seorang penulis dan wartawan Hongaria-Inggris. Koestler lahir di Budapest dan belajar di Austria. Pada 1931, Koestler masuk Partai Komunis Jerman sampai ia mundur pada 1938, karena tak menyenangi Stalinisme. Pada 1940, ia menerbitka novel Darkness at Noon, sebuah karya anti-totalitarian yang memberikannya ketenaran mancanegara. Sepanjang 43 tahun berikutnya, dari kediamannya di Inggris, Koestler mengamati banyak peristiwa politik, dan penulis novel, memoir, biografi dan sejumlah esai. Pada 1968, ia dianugerahi Penghargaan Sonning "atas jasa menonjol[nya] terhadap budaya Eropa". Pada 1972, ia diangkat menjadi Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). Pada 1976, ia didiagnosa terserang Penyakit Parkinson. Pada 1979, ia terserang leukemia.[2] Pada 1983, ia dan istrinya melakukan bunuh diri di rumah mereka di London.
Arthur Koestler | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Arthur Koestler (1969) | |
| Lahir | Artúr Kösztler 5 September 1905 Budapest, Austria-Hongaria |
| Meninggal | 1 Maret 1983 (usia 77) London, Inggris |
| Pekerjaan | Novelis, esayis, wartawan |
| Kebangsaan | Hongaria, Inggris |
| Kewarganegaraan | Warga negara Inggris naturaliasi |
| Periode | 1934–1983 |
| Tema | Fiksi, non-fiksi, sejarah, autobiografi, politik, filsafat, psikologi, parapsikologi, sains |
| Karya terkenal | Darkness at Noon The Thirteenth Tribe |
| Penghargaan | Penghargaan Sonning (1968) CBE (1972) |
| Pasangan | Dorothy Ascher (1935–50) Mamaine Paget (1950–52) Cynthia Jefferies[1] (1965–83) |
Referensi
- ^ There is a discrepancy between the various biographers in the spelling of the surname. David Cesarani uses the spelling Jeffries, Iain Hamilton, Harold Harris; in his Introduction to Living with Koestler: Mamaine Koestler's Letters 1945–51, Celia Goodman in the same book and Mark Levene in Arthur Koestler spell it Jefferies.
- ^ A. & C. Koestler (ACK) Stranger on the Square, London: Hutchinson 1984, ISBN 978-0-09-154330-3, p. 10.
Bacaan tambahan
Biografi Koestler
- Atkins, J., 1956. Arthur Koestler.
- Buckard, Christian G., 2004. Arthur Koestler: Ein extremes Leben 1905–1983. ISBN 3-406-52177-0.
- Cesarani, David, 1998. Arthur Koestler: The Homeless Mind. ISBN 0-684-86720-6.
- Hamilton, Iain, 1982. Koestler: A Biography. ISBN 0-02-547660-2.
- Koestler, Mamaine, 1985. Living with Koestler: Mamaine Koestler's Letters 1945-51. ISBN 0-297-78531-1 or ISBN 0-312-49029-1.
- Levene, M., 1984. Arthur Koestler. ISBN 0-8044-6412-X
- Mikes, George, 1983. Arthur Koestler: The Story of a Friendship. ISBN 0-233-97612-4.
- Pearson, S. A., 1978. Arthur Koestler. ISBN 0-8057-6699-5.
- Scammell, Michael, 2009. Koestler: The Literary and Political Odyssey of a Twentieth-Century Skeptic ISBN 978-0-394-57630-5. also published in UK as Koestler. The Indispensable Intellectual, London: Faber, 2010. ISBN 978-0-571-13853-1
Pranala luar
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- Koestler CBC Radio December 14, 2011: Interview with biographer Michael Scammell on the Ideas podcast.
- Road Warrior Article in December 2009 issue of the New Yorker. Differs with the Wikipedia entry on many features of Koestler's biography.
- E., Holuber: Dostoevsky's Grandson
- Remembering Arthur Koestler
- Autobiographical Video-Interview with Arthur Koestler in French with German sub-titles and comments
- 2007 City Journal article on Koestler
- Arthur Koestler Project
- Duncan Fallowell (Summer 1984). "Arthur Koestler, The Art of Fiction No. 80". The Paris Review.
- General Properties of Koestler's Open hierarchical Systems
- Hungarian site on Koestler
- Koestler's Legacy – Fortean Times article on the centenary of Koestler's birth
- Koestler Parapsychology Unit – Koestler and his third spouse left a large sum of money for research into parapsychology: this funded, among other things, the Koestler Parapsychology Unit at Edinburgh University
- Mystical Experiences of Arthur Koestler
- Petri Liukkonen. "Arthur Koestler". Books and Writers
- The Koestler Trust
- C-SPAN Q&A interview with Scammell about Koestler: The Literary and Political Odyssey of a Twentieth-Century Skeptic, 10 January 2010