Toyota Fortuner
Toyota Fortuner adalah Mobil SUV dari Toyota produsen asal Jepang. Mobil ini telah dipasarkan sejak tahun 2005 di Indonesia dan negara Asia Tenggara lainnya. Mobil ini dibuat berdasarkan platform IMV yang terdiri dari Toyota Hilux atau disebut juga dengan Toyota Hilux Vigo di Thailand, dan Toyota Kijang Innova di Indonesia. Pada awalnya mobil ini dirakit di Thailand dan diimpor utuh (Completely Built Up) oleh Toyota-Astra Motor (TAM), namun pada awal tahun 2007, Toyota Fortuner sudah dirakit dalam bentuk terurai (Completely Knock-Down) di Indonesia dan terhitung sejak tahun 2010 menyusul ditutupnya salah satu pabrik perakitan Toyota di Bangkok maka proses perakitan Fortuner versi mesin bensin dialihkan ke Toyota Indonesia.[1] Di Amerika Selatan, Fortuner dijual dengan nama Hilux SW4.
| Toyota Fortuner | |
|---|---|
,_South_Tangerang.jpg) | |
| Informasi | |
| Produsen | Toyota |
| Masa produksi | 2004–sekarang |
| Bodi & rangka | |
| Kelas | Mobil SUV |
| Bentuk kerangka | SUV 5 pintu |
| Tata letak | Mesin depan, penggerak roda belakang / penggerak empat roda |
| Platform | IMV platform |
| Mobil terkait | Toyota Hilux Toyota Kijang Innova |
| Kronologi | |
| Pendahulu | Toyota Hilux Sport Rider |
Generasi pertama (N60; 1987)
| Generasi pertama (N60) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Informasi | |
| Juga disebut |
|
| Masa produksi | October 1983[2] – August 1989 |
| Model untuk tahun | 1984–1989 |
| Perakitan | Japan: Tahara, Aichi |
| Bodi & rangka | |
| Kelas | Compact SUV |
| Bentuk kerangka | 3-door wagon |
| Mobil terkait | Toyota Pickup |
| Penyalur daya | |
| Mesin | |
| Transmisi | |
| Dimensi | |
| Jarak sumbu roda | 1.030 in (26.162 mm) |
| Panjang | 1.746 in (44.348 mm) |
| Lebar | 665 in (16.891 mm) |
| Tinggi | 661 in (16.789 mm) |
| Berat kosong | 3.520–3.760 pon (1.597–1.706 kg) (approx.) |
For the first generation N60 series Hilux Surf and export specification 4Runner introduced in 1983, Toyota, instead of developing an entirely new model, modified the existing Hilux (N50/N60/N70) with short-bed pickup body. The Hilux had undergone a major redesign in 1983 for the 1984 model year. Changes included the removal of the panel with integrated rear window from behind the front seats, the addition of rear seats, and a removable fiberglass canopy. The implementation was borrowed from both the second generation Ford Bronco, and the Chevrolet K5 Blazer, both short-bed trucks with removable fiberglass shells over the rear sections and having bench seats installed in the back. Like the Bronco and the Blazer, the Hilux Surf/4Runner also did not have a wall attached to the front section behind front seats as the regular Hilux did. In that sense, all three vehicles were not conventional pickup trucks with a fiberglass shell included.
Thus, the first generation is nearly mechanically identical to the Toyota Hilux. All first generation 4Runners had two doors and were indistinguishable from the pickups from the dashboard forward. Nearly all changes were to the latter half of the body; in fact, because the rear springs were not upgraded to bear the additional weight from the rear seats and fiberglass top, these early models tended to suffer from a sagging rear suspension.
In North America, they were sold from the 1984½ model year from May 1984. For this first year (March to July 1984 production), all models were equipped with black or white fiberglass tops. An SR5 trim package was offered that upgraded the interior: additional gauges, better fabrics, and a rear seat were standard with the package. All 1984 models were equipped with the carbureted 2.4 L 22R engine and were all available with a four-wheel-drive system that drove the front wheels through a solid front axle.
1985 (August 1984 production) saw the arrival of the electronically fuel-injected 2.4 L 22R-E (and 22R-EC with California emissions controls) I4 engine. This upped the horsepower numbers from 100 hp for the 22R, to 116 hp for the 22R-E Engine, though the carbureted engine remained available until 1988. Additionally, rear seats were available in all 1985 4Runner trim levels, not just the more upscale SR5.
.jpg)
In 1986, the Surf/4Runner underwent a major front suspension design change as it was changed from a solid front axle to the Hi-Trac independent front suspension. Track width was also increased by three inches. These changes made the trucks more comfortable on-road, and improved stability and handling. The new suspension also increased the space in the engine compartment (necessary to fit larger engines, such as the V6 introduced in 1987) but arguably decreased the truck's off-road capabilities. The North American specification Toyota Pickup also adopted this new suspension, but the regular Hilux for other markets at this point retained the more rugged and capable, if less refined, solid axle configuration. With the 1986 update, the Surf/4Runner grille changed from the three segment type to the two segment grille. Tops were color-matched on blue, red and some gold models, while other body colors were still sold with black or white tops.
A turbocharged version of the 22R-E engine (the 22R-TE) was also introduced in 1986, although this engine is significantly rarer than the base 22R-E. It appears that all turbocharged 4Runner models sold in the US were equipped with an automatic transmission, though a five-speed manual could still be ordered in the turbocharged pickups. Most turbocharged 4Runners were equipped with the SR5 package, and all turbo trucks had as standard a heavier rear differential later used in the V6 model. Low-option models had a small light in the gauge cluster to indicate turbo boost, while more plush vehicles were equipped with an all-digital gauge cluster that included a boost gauge. Turbocharged and naturally aspirated diesel engines were also available in the pickups at this time as well, but it appears that no diesel-powered 4Runners were imported to the United States.
During 1984 to 1986 many 4Runners were imported to the US without rear seats. With only two seats the vehicle could be classified as a truck (rather than a sport vehicle) and could skirt the higher customs duties placed upon sport and pleasure vehicles. Most had aftermarket seats and seat belts added by North American dealers after they were imported.
In 1988, the 22R-E engine was joined by an optional 3.0 L V6 engine, the 3VZ-E. This engine was significantly larger and more powerful although not as reliable as the original 4-cylinder offering. Trucks sold with the V6 engine were equipped with the same heavy duty rear differential that was used in the turbocharged trucks, as well as a completely new transmission and transfer case; the transfer case was chain driven, although considered less rugged, created less cab noise than the old gear-driven unit used behind the four-cylinder engine.
An engine which was not used in the US market and rarely in the Japanese domestic market pickups was the 3Y engine, which was used in place of the 22R engine in New Zealand models, followed more rarely by the 4Y 2.2 L gasoline in later versions. This was a decision by Toyota New Zealand to reduce parts required to be stocked by dealers as no other Toyotas sold in New Zealand at the time utilised the R series engines.
Small cosmetic and option changes were made in 1988 for the 1989 model year, but the model was left largely untouched in anticipation of the replacement model then undergoing final development.
Generasi kedua (N120/N130; 1990)
| Generasi kedua (N120/N130) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Informasi | |
| Juga disebut |
|
| Masa produksi | August 1989 – August 1996 |
| Model untuk tahun | 1990–1996 |
| Perakitan | Japan: Tahara, Aichi China: Zhuhai, Guangdong |
| Bodi & rangka | |
| Kelas | Compact SUV |
| Bentuk kerangka |
|
| Mobil terkait | |
| Penyalur daya | |
| Mesin | |
| Transmisi | |
| Dimensi | |
| Jarak sumbu roda | 1.033 in (26.238 mm) |
| Panjang | 1.760–1.768 in (44.704–44.907 mm) |
| Lebar | 665 in (16.891 mm) |
| Tinggi | 661 in (16.789 mm) |
| Berat kosong | 3.760 pon (1.706 kg) (approx.) |
| Kronologi | |
| Penerus | Toyota Hilux Sport Rider (Southeast Asia) |
_5-door_wagon_(2010-07-19).jpg)
Toyota issued a second generation of Hilux Surf and 4Runner in 1989 for the 1990 model year. Known as the N120/N130 series, these models continued their reliance on the Hilux pickup as a basis. It represented a fundamental departure from the first generation model. Instead of an enhanced pickup truck with fiberglass cap, the new 4Runners featured a freshly designed, full steel integrated body mounted on the existing frame. However, the 4Runner did remain virtually identical to the Hilux from the B-pillars forward. It also gained an all new coil spring rear suspension system, which unfortunately proved to be just as prone to sagging as the leaf springs on the rear of the previous models.
Nearly all second generation 4Runners were four-door models; however, from launch in 1989 to May 1993, a two-door model was also produced. These models are similar to the four-door models of the time in that the bodies were formed as a single unit, instead of the fiberglass tops used in the first generation 4Runners. Two-door cars of the second generation are extremely rare. US sales ended in August 1992, but it continued to be available in the Canadian market through 1993, and Japan until May 1993.
Because the drive train was still developed from the same source, the available engines were identical: The same 2.4 L four-cylinder (22R-E) and 3.0 L V6 (3VZ) engines were available in rear-wheel-drive and four-wheel-drive layouts. The new 4Runner used the independent front suspension that had been developed on the previous generation. The older style gear driven transfer case was phased out on the V6 models and they now had a chain driven case. The older gear driven case was retained on the 4-cylinder models.
The Hilux Surf version for the Japanese market was also available with a range of diesel engines, including a 2.4 L turbodiesel 2L-TE I4 up to 1993, followed by a 3.0 L turbodiesel 1KZ-TE I4. Small numbers were also made with a normally aspirated 2.8 L diesel 3L I4, a 2.0 L 3Y I4 naturally aspirated gasoline engine, and 2.4 L 22R-E I4 gasoline engine.[3] The majority of gasoline versions of the Hilux Surf received the 3.0 L V6. Various trim levels were offered in Japan ranging from the base model 'SSR' through 'SSR Ltd', 'SSR-V' 'SSR-X' and 'SSR-X Ltd' to the range topping 'SSR-G'.
Most other full-body SUVs produced at the time (e.g. Nissan Pathfinder, Ford Explorer) featured tailgates that opened upward with the glass closed. In contrast, the second generation 4Runner carried over the retractable-glass tailgate from the first generation. Opening these tailgates requires first retracting the rear window into the tailgate and then lowering the tailgate much like as on a pickup truck.
In 1991 for the 1992 model year, the 4Runner received minor cosmetic updates, including one-piece front bumpers and modular headlamps instead of the increasingly outdated rectangular sealed beams. This facelift distanced the 4Runner somewhat from the Hilux pickups which did not receive the same cosmetic changes. At this time a wide-body version was introduced featuring extended wheel arch flares along with wider wheels and tires.
Additional cosmetic changes occurred between 1993 and 1995, the last year of the second generation.
Safety
The first and second generation 4Runners were both targeted as unsafe SUVs. 1980s and early-1990s crash regulations in the United States were not very strict for light trucks, and all early model 4Runners were fitted with doors that offered little protection in the event of a side collision. In most areas, there was little more than two pieces of sheet-metal and the window to keep incoming vehicles from impacting passengers. The crash test rating for the second generation 4Runner was one star for the driver's side in a frontal collision while the passenger side received a 4-star rating. Later, more strict crash regulations mandated doors that offered as much protection as passenger car doors. In the United States, the 1994 and 1995 model years added side-impact beams in the doors.
Airbags for both the driver and passenger were added in 1995 (1996 model year).
Generasi ketiga (N180; 1997)
| Third generation (N180) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Informasi | |
| Juga disebut |
|
| Masa produksi | August 1997 – August 2003 |
| Model untuk tahun | 1997–2003 |
| Perakitan | Japan: Tahara, Aichi; Hamura, Tokyo |
| Bodi & rangka | |
| Kelas | Mid-size SUV |
| Bentuk kerangka | 5-door SUV |
| Mobil terkait | |
| Penyalur daya | |
| Mesin | |
| Transmisi | |
| Dimensi | |
| Jarak sumbu roda | 1.053 in (26.746 mm) |
| Panjang |
|
| Lebar |
|
| Tinggi |
|
| Berat kosong | 3.930 pon (1.783 kg) (approx.) |
Developed under chief Masaaki Ishiko from 1990 to 1995 under the project code 185T, in late 1995 (for the 1996 model year) a significant redesign of the 4Runner was introduced, with an all-new body shell on an all-new chassis. Though it shared many parts, including engine and transmission, with the new Tacoma, the body and chassis were unique for the first time. Despite moving upmarket with the rest of the mid-size SUV market, the new 4Runner differentiated itself by retaining the rugged off-road character its competitors were sacrificing for highway comfort.[4]
The third generation 4Runner featured new engines shared with the first generation Toyota Tacoma pickup trucks:
- 2.7L 3RZ-FE I4 replacing the previous 2.4L 22R-E I4; 150 hp (110 kW) max horsepower at 4800 rpm (an increase of 38 hp (28 kW)), and 177 lb⋅ft (240 N⋅m) max torque at 4000 rpm (an increase of 35 lb⋅ft (47 N⋅m));
- 3.4L 5VZ-FE V6 replacing the previous 3.0L 3VZ-E V6; 183 hp (136 kW) horsepower at 4800 rpm (an increase of 33 hp (25 kW)), and 217 lb⋅ft (294 N⋅m) max torque at 3600 rpm (an increase of 37 lb⋅ft (50 N⋅m)).
In 1996 the 4Runner was dropped from sale in the UK, to be replaced by the Toyota Land Cruiser Prado, which was badged as the Toyota Land Cruiser Colorado.
Significant changes from the second generation models include a larger body on a longer wheelbase, increased interior space, increased cargo space, dual airbags, ABS, lift-up tailgate, coil-spring suspension all around, rack and pinion steering, and aerodynamic contour designed glass headlights. Additionally, Hilux Surf versions immediately moved to 16-inch wheels and gained a center differential, enabling the use of four-wheel drive on hard surfaces without complication for the first time. The prior system was retained to give on-the-fly shifting between rear- and four-wheel drive as before. The new 4Runner was also available with a factory installed selectable electric locker in the rear differential, a first for the 4Runner but available since 1993 in the Toyota Land Cruiser.
The 1997 model year received a few minor updates, including the addition of a color keyed cargo cover.
The 1998 model year remained largely unchanged, save for a few changes in the electronics. More ergonomic switch control panels and a newly designed 4 spoke steering wheel, which also necessitated a redesign of the airbag system.
For the 1999 model year there were both major cosmetic and interior enhancements. A new "fat lip" bumper was designed to allow for an extended crush zone on the front of the frame, as well as new multi-parabola style headlights, projector style fog lamps, and updated side marker lights and front turn signals. Vehicles with "Limited" and "Highlander" (later called "Sport Edition") trim received color-keyed running boards, front and rear bumpers, mud flaps and flares. The ergonomics of the interior was completely changed, moving all the controls to the center of the dash for the rear window, and defrost, it also received a new instrument panel with a digital odometer. The Limited trucks also received a brand-new electronic temp control, and upgraded stereo. The multimatic transmission became available as an option for 4WD 4Runners for 1999, giving the option of AWD operation.
The 2001 model year received new transparent tail lights and new front grille design. The wheels were also changed to a five-spoke design rim. Limited models received newly designed five spoke wheels as well, however different from SR5 and base model. Also included was a new, sleeker side view mirror design. SR5 and base model 4Runners also have redesigned climate control units utilizing 3 knobs and 2 buttons, contrary to the 1999 model's 2 sliders and 2 knobs. 2001 models were equipped with Vehicle Stability Control standard, and 4WD models came standard with the multimatic transmission. The optional e-locker for the rear differential was dropped in 2001.
The 2002 model year can be distinguished from the rear by their chromed lift gate exterior trim that encompasses the license plate.
Generasi pertama
| Generasi pertama | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Informasi | |
| Juga disebut | Toyota Hilux SW4 Toyota SW4 |
| Masa produksi | 2004–2015 |
| Perakitan | Samut Prakan, Thailand Karawang, Indonesia |
| Penyalur daya | |
| Mesin | 2.7 liter VVT-i I4 2TR-FE (bensin), dan 2.5 liter D-4D I4 2KD-FTV dengan tambahan VNT pada 2012 (diesel) |
| Dimensi | |
| Jarak sumbu roda | 2.750 mm (108,3 in) |
| Panjang | 4.695 mm (184,8 in) |
| Lebar | 1.840 mm (72,4 in) |
| Tinggi | 1.790 mm (70,5 in) (tanpa roof rail) |
| Berat kosong | 1800 kg |
Toyota Fortuner diperkenalkan di Indonesia pertama kali tahun 2004 pada event di Jakarta. Indonesia International Motor Show. Sebelumnya sudah diperkenalkan terlebih dahulu pada bulan Desember 2004 di Thailand.
Pada bulan Agustus 2007 mulai dipasarkan di Indonesia Toyota Fortuner yang berbasis mesin diesel dengan kode mesin 2KD-FTV 2.5 Liter D-4D atau Direct Four Stroke Turbo Commonrail Injection. Menggunakan teknologi baru sistem Common Rail, mesin diesel ini identik dengan mesin Toyota Kijang Innova versi diesel. Pada awalnya varian diesel ini hanya diproduksi dalam bentuk manual, tetapi pada tahun 2009 telah diluncurkan diesel bertransmisi otomatis. Untuk semua mesin diesel, termasuk yang digunakan Kijang Innova, diimpor dari Thailand sebagai pusat pengembangan mesin diesel Toyota di Asia Tenggara. Sedangkan untuk semua mesin bensin dikembangkan di Indonesia sebagai pusat pengembangan mesin bensin Toyota untuk Asia Tenggara.
Toyota Fortuner tersedia dalam berbagai macam varian: G M/T dan A/T, G Lux A/T dan V A/T. Variasi terendah G M/T menggunakan mesin diesel 2.500 cc D-4D, transmisi manual dan penggerak roda belakang. Diikuti dengan G A/T bermesin 2.700 cc berkode 2TR-FE 2.7l VVT-i 4x2 bertransmisi otomatis. Selanjutnya G Lux A/T memiliki spesifikasi sama dengan G A/T dengan perbedaan pada jok kulit dan 6 in-dash cd changer. Varian paling atas dan mewah adalah V A/T yang memiliki semua peranti G Lux dan satu-satunya model yang berpenggerak 4x4. Secara tidak resmi, ditawarkan juga dalam bentuk impor utuh (CBU) dari Thailand untuk pasar luar pulau Jawa seperti Kalimantan dan Sulawesi, tipe V dengan mesin 3.0 diesel.
Model facelift
- Facelift (2007)
Fortuner versi facelift ditampilkan pada event Indonesia International Motor Show tahun 2008. Model ini memiliki lampu depan baru model proyektor, gril model baru, lampu belakang desain baru, serta velg alloy baru. Desain gril dan lampu depan senada dengan desain Toyota Land Cruiser seri 200. Interiornya juga mendapat warna baru, panel kayu dan AC untuk tempat duduk baris kedua dan ketiga. Fortuner 2.5 G juga tersedia dengan TRD Sportivo body kit, yang juga merupakan aksesori tambahan yang bisa dipasang pada Fortuner 2.7 G.
- Facelift terakhir (2012)
,_South_Tangerang.jpg)
,_South_Tangerang.jpg)
Fortuner kembali mendapat facelift pada tahun 2011 yang ditandai dengan perubahan lebih besar pada bagian depan, belakang, serta interior. Bagian depan memiliki banyak perubahan desain pada gril, lampu depan dan bumper. Desain gril sekarang memiliki 3 garis utama horisontal, lampu depan model proyektor memiliki desain baru, rumah lampu kabut depan didesain ulang bersama bumper depan yang sekarang dilengkapi scuff plate yang membuatnya lebih datar ketimbang model sebelumnya. Bumper bagian belakang didesain ulang bersama dengan cluster lampu belakang. Lampu belakang sekarang bening berbentuk membundar dan terintegrasi. Interior terutama konsol tengah dan setir berubah hsedikit ketimbang versi terdahulu yang sangat mirip Kijang Innova.tipe TRD Sportivo juga turut dilengkapi dengan Kamera Parkir,TRD Sportivo Suspension,dan body kit.
Tahun 2012, mesin diesel 2.5l commonrail turbodiesel tipe 2KD-FTV ditambahkan Variable Nozzle Turbocharger sehingga makin bertenaga. Tahun 2014 mobil ini dalam versi diesel dengan 4x4 dan 2016 Fortuner harus memakai 2.0 turbodiesel tipe DW10 FC (milik PSA Peugeot Citroën) yang bertenaga 180 dk dan berteknologi Blue VNT yang lebih efisien dibandingkan 2.5 commonrai diesel. Pada tahun 2013, Fortuner kembali mendapatkan Facelift ringan, dimana tipe TRD Sportivo dilengkapi dengan Rear Seat Entertaiment, Velg baru, dan tipe Bensin mendapatkan Jok Kulit dan Rear Seat Entertaiment, serta semua tipe dilengkapi dengan DRL (Daytime Running Light), dan akhirnya pada tahun 2014, Fortuner kembali muncul dengan varian 4x4 diesel, setelah sebelumnya penggerak 4x4 hanya tersedia di Fortuner Bensin, yaitu 2.7 V.
Generasi kedua
| Generasi kedua | |
|---|---|
| | |
| Informasi | |
| Juga disebut | Toyota SW4 |
| Masa produksi | 2015–sekarang |
| Perakitan | Samut Prakan, Thailand Karawang, Indonesia |
| Penyalur daya | |
| Mesin | 2.7 L 2TR-FE I4 Dual VVT-i 160hp bensin 4.0 L V6 Dual VVT-i 278 hp bensin 2.4L 2GD-FTV I4 150hp ESTEC VNT D-4D diesel 2.8L 1GD-FTV I4 177hp ESTEC VNT D-4D diesel [5] |
| Dimensi | |
| Jarak sumbu roda | 2.745 mm (108,1 in) |
| Panjang | 4.795 mm (188,8 in) |
| Lebar | 1.855 mm (73,0 in) |
| Tinggi | 1.835 mm (72,2 in) |
,_South_Tangerang.jpg)
Generasi kedua Toyota Fortuner diluncurkan di Thailand pada tanggal 16 Juli 2015.
Di Indonesia, generasi kedua Toyota Fortuner diluncurkan pada tanggal 15 Januari 2016 di Jakarta, Indonesia, dan tersedia dalam tiga pilihan tipe, yaitu G, VRZ dan SRZ.
Tipe VRZ adalah varian Diesel, sedangkan tipe SRZ adalah varian Bensin, mesin yang digunakan adalah 2.400 cc 2GD-FTV yang sama dengan Kijang Innova, tipe VRZ dilengkapi dengan head unit touch screen dengan navigasi, Rear Entertaiment System, Power Outlet untuk baris ke-2, start-stop engine, keyless start, all auto windows. Fortuner VRZ dan SRZ juga tersedia dengan TRD Sportivo body kit, yang juga merupakan aksesori tambahan, yang diluncurkan di Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show (GIIAS) 2017 pada tanggal 10 Agustus 2017. TRD Sportivo kemudian diperbarui di pameran yang sama pada tanggal 18 Juli 2019.
Versi facelift dari generasi kedua Toyota Fortuner diluncurkan di Thailand pada tanggal 4 Juni 2020 dan di Indonesia pada tanggal 15 Oktober 2020. Di Thailand, juga tersedia varian Legender dengan wajah yang berbeda dari Fortuner biasa.
Mesin
| Model | Mesin | Transmisi | Tenaga | Torsi |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.4 | 2.4 L 2GD-FTV dengan VNT | 6-speed manual | 110 kW (150 hp) @ 3400 rpm | 343 N⋅m (253 lb⋅ft) @1400–2600 rpm |
| 6-speed otomatis | 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) @1600–2400 rpm | |||
| 2.7 | 2.7 L 2TR-FE dengan Dual VVT-i | 6-speed manual | 120 kW (160 hp) @5500 rpm | 246 N⋅m (181 lb⋅ft) @3800 rpm |
| 6-speed otomatis | ||||
| 2.8 | 2.8 L 1GD-FTV dengan VNT | 6-speed manual | 132 kW (177 hp) @3400 rpm | 420 N⋅m (310 lb⋅ft) @1400–2600 rpm |
| 6-speed otomatis | 450 N⋅m (330 lb⋅ft) @1600–2400 rpm | |||
| 4.0 | 4.0 L 1GR-FE V6 dengan Dual VVT-i | 6-speed manual | 207 kW (278 hp) @5200 rpm | 376 N⋅m (277 lb⋅ft) @3700 rpm |
| 6-speed otomatis |
Referensi
- ^ JPNN Toyota Astra Motor Genjot Produksi Fortuner
- ^ "75 Years of Toyota | Vehicle Lineage". Toyota. 2012. Diakses tanggal 2018-07-24.
- ^ Büschi, Hans U., ed. (March 1991). Automobil Revue 1991. 86. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag AG. hlm. 587–588. ISBN 3-444-00514-8.
- ^ "New 4runner As Rugged As Ever". Orlando Sentinel. US. 1995-12-28. Diakses tanggal 2017-02-20.
- ^ 2016 Toyota Fortuner: This Is Finally It.
Pranala luar
- (Indonesia) Situs Toyota Auto2000
- (Indonesia) Situs Toyota Fortuner Indonesia - TAM