Kegelapan saat Penyaliban

Kegelapan saat penyaliban adalah sebuah peristiwa dalam tiga Injil Kanonikal dimana langit menjadi gelap pada siang hari pada saat Penyaliban Yesus.

"Yesus di atas Kayu Salib", karya Carl Heinrich Bloch (1834–1890), menampilkan langit digelapkan

Penulis Kristen kuno dan abad pertengahan menganggap peristiwa tersebut sebagai sebuah mukjizat, dan mempercayai bahwa perisitwa tersebut menjadi salah satu dari beberapa perisitwa dari Perjanjian Baru yang dikonfirmasikan oleh sumber-sumber non-Kristen. Komentator Pagan dari era Romawi menyatakan bahwa peristiwa tersebut merupakan sebuah gerhana, meskipun penulis Kristen menyatakan bahwa gerhana pada saat Paskah Yahudi, ketika penyaliban dilakukan, tidaklah memungkinkan; gerhana matahari tidak dapat terjadi pada saat bulan purnama.

Para ahli juga menyatakan bahwa peristiwa kegelapan tersebut sebelumnya telah muncul pada Kitab Amos dan Kitab Keluaran.

Referensi

Buku

• Alexander, Loveday (2005). "The Four among pagans". Dalam Bockmuehl, Markus; Hagner, Donald A. The Written Gospel. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 222–237. ISBN 9781139445726. 
• Allison, Dale C. (2005). Studies in Matthew: Interpretation Past and Present. Baker Academic. ISBN 9780801027918. 
• Barclay, William (2001). The Gospel of John, Volume 1. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664237806. 
• Barnstone, Willis, ed. (2005). "The Gospel of Nicodemus". The Other Bible. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780060815981. 
• Bartlett, Robert (2008). The Natural and the Supernatural in the Middle Ages. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521878326. 
• Black, C. Clifton (2005). "The Face is Familiar—I Just Can't Place It". Dalam Gaventa, Beverley Roberts; Miller, Patrick D. The Ending of Mark and the Ends of God: Essays in Memory of Donald Harrisville Juel. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664227395. 
• Broadhead, Edwin Keith (1994). Prophet, Son, Messiah: Narrative Form and Function in Mark. Continuum. ISBN 9781850754763. 
• Brown, Raymond E. (1994). The Death of the Messiah: a Commentary on the Passion Narratives in the Four Gospels. The Anchor Bible Reference Library. Volume 2: From Gethsemane to the Grave. Doubleday. ISBN 9780385193979. 
• Caird, George Bradford (1980). The language and imagery of the Bible. Westminster Press. ISBN 9780664213787. 
• Carrier, Richard C. (2014). On the Historicity of Jesus: Why We Might Have Reason for Doubt. Sheffield Phoenix Press. ISBN 9781909697492. 
• Chambers, George F. (1899). The Story of Eclipses. George Newnes, Ltd. 
• Davies, Stevan L. (2004). The Gospel of Thomas and Christian Wisdom. Bardic Press. ISBN 9780974566740. 
• Davies, William David; Allison, Dale C. (1997). Matthew: Volume 3. Continuum. ISBN 9780567085184. 
• Donahue, John R. (2002). The Gospel of Mark. Liturgical Press. ISBN 9780814658048. 
• Eickenberg, Arne (2015). Die sechste Stunde: Synopsen zum historischen Ursprung der Wunder und Naturkatastrophen in der Passion Christi. Ludwig. ISBN 9783869351933. 
• Evans, Craig A. (2011). Luke (Understanding the Bible Commentary Series). Baker Books. ISBN 9781441236524. 
• Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (1985). The Gospel According to Luke, X-XXIV. The Anchor Bible Reference Library. Doubleday. ISBN 9780300139815. 
• Foster, Paul (2009). The Apocryphal Gospels: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191578953. 
• Funk, Robert Walter (1998). The acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus. HarperSanFrancisco. ISBN 9780060629786. 
• Garland, David E. (1999). Reading Matthew: A Literary and Theological Commentary on the First Gospel. Smyth & Helwys Publishing. ISBN 9781573122740. 
• Harrington, Daniel J. (1991). The Gospel of Matthew. Liturgical Press. ISBN 9780814658031. 
• Healy, Mary (2008). The Gospel of Mark. Baker Academic. ISBN 9780801035869. 
• Henige, David P. (2005). Historical evidence and argument. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-21410-4. 
• Hooker, Morna (1991). The Gospel According to Saint Mark. Continuum. ISBN 9780826460394. 
• Humphreys, Colin J. (2011). The Mystery of the Last Supper: Reconstructing the Final Days of Jesus. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139496315. 
• Kidger, Mark (1999). The Star of Bethlehem: An Astronomer's View. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691058238. 
• Loader, William (2002). Jesus' Attitude Towards the Law: A Study of the Gospels. W.B. Eerdmans Pub. ISBN 9780802849038. 
• Mack, Burton L. (1988). A Myth of Innocence: Mark and Christian Origins. Fortress Press. ISBN 9781451404661. 
• Parker, John (1897). "Letter VII. Section II. To Polycarp--Hierarch. & Letter XI. Dionysius to Apollophanes, Philosopher". The Works of Dionysius the Areopagite. Volume One. London: James Parker and Co. ISBN 9781440092398. , The Works of Dionysius the Areopagite. Volume Two. 
• Roberts, Alexander; Donaldson, James; Coxe, Arthur Cleveland, ed. (1896). The Ante-Nicene Fathers. T&T Clark. 
• Sproul, R. C., ed. (2010). The Reformation Study Bible. Ligonier Ministries. ISBN 978-1596382077. 
• Vermes, Géza (2005). The Passion. Penguin. ISBN 9780141021324. 
• Winn, Adam (2008). The Purpose of Mark's Gospel: An Early Christian Response to Roman Imperial Propaganda. Mohr Siebeck. ISBN 9783161496356. 
• Witherington, Ben (2001). The Gospel of Mark: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 9780802845030. 
• Yieh, John Yueh-Han (2004). One Teacher: Jesus' Teaching Role in Matthew's Gospel Report. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110913330. 

Artikel jurnal

• Humphreys, Colin J.; Waddington, W. Graeme (1983). "Dating the Crucifixion". Nature. 306 (5945): 743. Bibcode:1983Natur.306..743H. doi:10.1038/306743a0. 
• Humphreys, Colin J.; Waddington, W. Graeme (March 1985). "The Date of the Crucifixion". Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation. 37: 2–10. 
• Meeus, Jean (December 2003). "The maximum possible duration of a total solar eclipse". Journal of the British Astronomical Association. 113 (6): 343–348. Bibcode:2003JBAA..113..343M. 
• Schaefer, Bradley E. (March 1990). "Lunar Visibility and the Crucifixion". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society. 31 (1): 53–67. Bibcode:1990QJRAS..31...53S. 
• Schaefer, Bradley E. (1991). "Glare and celestial visibility". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 103: 645. Bibcode:1991PASP..103..645S. doi:10.1086/132865. 

Situs web

• Espenak, Fred. "Total Solar Eclipse of 0029 Nov 24" (PDF). NASA Eclipse Web Site. NASA. Diakses tanggal 3 November 2013. 
• Wallace, Daniel B. (21 June 2004). "Errors in the Greek Text Behind Modern Translations? The Cases of Matthew 1:7, 10 and Luke 23:45". Bible.org. Diakses tanggal 12 November 2013.