Buri Wolio
Buri Wolio adalah aksara Arab/Jawi yang dimodifikasi yang digunakan untuk menulis bahasa Wolio, sebuah bahasa yang terdapat di kota Bau-bau, pulau Buton, Sulawesi Tenggara. Secara umum aksara ini sama dengan aksara Jawi, hanya saja dalam aksara Buri Wolio, bunyi vokal ikut diberi tanda sehingga aksara ini tergolong dalam kelompok alfabet. Aksara ini memiliki jumlah huruf sebanyak 22 huruf, yaitu 17 huruf dari abjad Arab dan 5 huruf dari aksara Jawi.[1]
| Buri Wolio بُرِ وٚلِيٚ | |
|---|---|
| Jenis aksara | |
| Bahasa | Wolio |
Periode | Pertengahan pertama abad ke-19 |
| Arah penulisan | Kanan ke kiri |
| Aksara terkait | |
Silsilah | |
Aksara kerabat | Jawi Pegon |
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Arab, , Arabik |
| Pengkodean Unicode | |
Nama Unicode | Arabic |
| |
Bentuk
Table of basic letters
| Common | Maghrebian | Letter name (Classical pronunciation) |
Letter name in Arabic script |
Trans- literation |
Value in Literary Arabic (IPA) | Closest English equivalent in pronunciation | Contextual forms | Isolated form | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ʾAbjadī | Hijāʾī | ʾAbjadī | Hijāʾī | Final | Medial | Initial | ||||||
| 1. | 1. | 1. | 1. | ʾalif | أَلِف | ā / ʾ
(also â ) |
various, including [[Open front unrounded vowel|/aː/]], ∅[a] |
car, cat | ـا | ا | ||
| 2. | 2. | 2. | 2. | bāʾ | بَاء | b | /b/[b] | barn | ـب | ـبـ | بـ | ب |
| 22. | 3. | 22. | 3. | tāʾ | تَاء | t | /t/ | Taiwan | ـت | ـتـ | تـ | ت |
| 23. | 4. | 23. | 4. | thāʾ | ثَاء | th
(also ṯ ) |
/θ/ | think | ـث | ـثـ | ثـ | ث |
| 3. | 5. | 3. | 5. | jīm | جِيم | j
(also ǧ ) |
/d͡ʒ/[b][c] | gem | ـج | ـجـ | جـ | ج |
| 8. | 6. | 8. | 6. | ḥāʾ | حَاء | ḥ
(also ḩ ) |
/ħ/ | no equivalent
(pharyngeal h, may be approximated as a whispered hat) |
ـح | ـحـ | حـ | ح |
| 24. | 7. | 24. | 7. | khāʾ | خَاء | kh
(also ḫ, ḵ, ẖ ) |
/x/ | Scottish loch | ـخ | ـخـ | خـ | خ |
| 4. | 8. | 4. | 8. | dāl | دَال | d | /d/ | dear | ـد | د | ||
| 25. | 9. | 25. | 9. | dhāl | ذَال | dh
(also ḏ ) |
/ð/ | that | ـذ | ذ | ||
| 20. | 10. | 20. | 10. | rāʾ | رَاء | r | /r/ | Scottish English curd, Spanish rolled r as in perro | ـر | ر | ||
| 7. | 11. | 7. | 11. | zāy / zayn | زَاي | z | /z/ | zebra | ـز | ز | ||
| 15. | 12. | 21. | 24. | sīn | سِين | s | /s/ | sin | ـس | ـسـ | سـ | س |
| 21. | 13. | 28. | 25. | shīn | شِين | sh
(also š ) |
/ʃ/ | shin | ـش | ـشـ | شـ | ش |
| 18. | 14. | 15. | 18. | ṣād | صَاد | ṣ
(also ş ) |
/sˤ/ | no equivalent
(can be approximated with sauce, but with the throat constricted) |
ـص | ـصـ | صـ | ص |
| 26. | 15. | 18. | 19. | ḍād | ضَاد | ḍ
(also ḑ ) |
/dˤ/ | no equivalent
(can be approximated with dawn, but with the throat constricted) |
ـض | ـضـ | ضـ | ض |
| 9. | 16. | 9. | 12. | ṭāʾ | طَاء | ṭ
(also ţ ) |
/tˤ/ | no equivalent
(can be approximated with Taiwan, but with the throat constricted) |
ـط | ـطـ | طـ | ط |
| 27. | 17. | 26. | 13. | ẓāʾ | ظَاء | ẓ
(also z̧ ) |
/ðˤ/ | no equivalent
(can be approximated with xylophone, but with the throat constricted) |
ـظ | ـظـ | ظـ | ظ |
| 16. | 18. | 16. | 20. | ʿayn | عَيْن | ʿ | /ʕ/ | no equivalent
(similar to ḥāʾ above, but voiced) |
ـع | ـعـ | عـ | ع |
| 28. | 19. | 27. | 21. | ghayn | غَيْن | gh
(also ġ, ḡ ) |
/ɣ/[b] | no equivalent | ـغ | ـغـ | غـ | غ |
| 17. | 20. | 17. | 22. | fāʾ | فَاء | f | /f/[b] | far | ـف | ـفـ | فـ | ف[d] |
| 19. | 21. | 19. | 23. | qāf | قَاف | q | /q/[b] | no equivalent
(similar to caught, but pronounced further back in the mouth.) |
ـق | ـقـ | قـ | ق[d] |
| 11. | 22. | 11. | 14. | kāf | كَاف | k | /k/[b] | cap | ـك | ـكـ | كـ | ك |
| 12. | 23. | 12. | 15. | lām | لاَم | l | /l/ | lamp | ـل | ـلـ | لـ | ل |
| 13. | 24. | 13. | 16. | mīm | مِيم | m | /m/ | me | ـم | ـمـ | مـ | م |
| 14. | 25. | 14. | 17. | nūn | نُون | n | /n/ | nun | ـن | ـنـ | نـ | ن |
| 5. | 26. | 5. | 26. | hāʾ | هَاء | h | /h/ | hat | ـه | ـهـ | هـ | ه |
| 6. | 27. | 6. | 27. | wāw | وَاو | w / ū / ∅ | /w/, /uː/, ∅[b] | wet, pool | ـو | و | ||
| 10. | 28. | 10. | 28. | yāʾ | يَاء | y / ī | /j/, /iː/[b] | Yoshi, meet | ـي | ـيـ | يـ | ي[d] |
| hamzah | هَمْزة | ʾ | /ʔ/ | uh–oh
(aka "glottal stop") |
ء
(used mainly in medial and final position, which is an unlinked letter) | |||||||
| ʾalif hamzah | أَلِف هَمْزة | ـأ | أ | |||||||||
| ـإ | إ | |||||||||||
| wāw hamzah | وَاو هَمْزة | ـؤ | ؤ | |||||||||
| yāʾ hamzah | يَاء هَمْزة | ـئ | ـئـ | ئـ | ئ | |||||||
| ʾalif maddah | أَلِف مَدَّة | ʾā | /ʔaː/ | ـآ | آ | |||||||
| [f] | tāʾ marbūṭah | تاء مربوطة | ـة | (end only) [butuh rujukan] | ة | |||||||
| [g] | ʾalif maqṣūrah | الف مقصورة | ـى | (end only) [butuh rujukan] |
ى | |||||||
Notes
- ^ Alif can represent many phonemes. See the section on ʾalif.
- ^ a b c d e f g h See the section on non-native letters and sounds; the letters ⟨ك⟩ ,⟨ق⟩ ,⟨غ⟩ ,⟨ج⟩ are sometimes used to transcribe the phoneme /g/ in loanwords, ⟨ب⟩ to transcribe /p/ and ⟨ف⟩ to transcribe /v/. Likewise the letters ⟨و⟩ and ⟨ي⟩ are used to transcribe the vowels /oː/ and /eː/ respectively in loanwords and dialects.
- ^ ج is pronounced differently depending on the region. See Arabic phonology#Consonants.
- ^ a b c See the section on regional variations in letter form.
- ^ (not counted as a letter in the alphabet but plays an important role in Arabic spelling) [denoting most irregular female nouns] [butuh rujukan]
- ^ (not counted as a letter in the alphabet but plays an important role in Arabic grammar and lexicon, including indication [denoting most female nouns] and spelling) An alternative form of ت ("bound tāʼ " / تاء مربوطة) is used at the end of words to mark feminine gender for nouns and adjectives. It denotes the final sound /-h/ or /-t/. Standard tāʼ, to distinguish it from tāʼ marbūṭah, is referred to as tāʼ maftūḥah (تاء مفتوحة, "open tāʼ ").
- ^ (not counted as a letter in the alphabet but plays an important role in Arabic grammar and lexicon, including indication [denotes verbs] and spelling). It is used at the end of words with the sound of /aː/ in Modern Standard Arabic that are not categorized in the use of tāʼ marbūṭah (ة) [mainly some verbs tenses and Arabic masculine names].
- See the article Romanization of Arabic for details on various transliteration schemes; however, Arabic language speakers may usually not follow a standardized scheme when transcribing names. Also names are regularly transcribed as pronounced locally, not as pronounced in Literary Arabic (if they were of Arabic origin).
- Regarding pronunciation, the phonemic values given are those of Modern Standard Arabic, which is taught in schools and universities. In practice, pronunciation may vary considerably from region to region. For more details concerning the pronunciation of Arabic, consult the articles Arabic phonology and varieties of Arabic.
- The names of the Arabic letters can be thought of as abstractions of an older version where they were meaningful words in the Proto-Semitic language. Names of Arabic letters may have quite different names popularly.
- Six letters (و ز ر ذ د ا) do not have a distinct medial form and have to be written with their final form without being connected to the next letter. Their initial form matches the isolated form. The following letter is written in its initial form, or isolated form if it is the final letter in the word.
- The letter alif originated in the Phoenician alphabet as a consonant-sign indicating a glottal stop. Today it has lost its function as a consonant, and, together with ya’ and wāw, is a mater lectionis, a consonant sign standing in for a long vowel (see below), or as support for certain diacritics (maddah and hamzah).
- Arabic currently uses a diacritic sign, ء, called hamzah, to denote the glottal stop [ʔ], written alone or with a carrier:
- alone: ء
- with a carrier: إ أ (above or under an alif), ؤ (above a wāw), ئ (above a dotless yā’ or yā’ hamzah).
- In academic work, the hamzah (ء) is transliterated with the modifier letter right half ring (ʾ), while the modifier letter left half ring (ʿ) transliterates the letter ‘ayn (ع), which represents a different sound, not found in English.
- The hamzah has a single form, since it is never linked to a preceding or following letter. However, it is sometimes combined with a wāw, yā’, or alif, and in that case the carrier behaves like an ordinary wāw, yā’, or alif.
| No. | Nama | Alih aksara | IPA | Bentuk | Bentuk mandiri | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akhir | Tengah | Awal | ||||||
| Latin | Arab | |||||||
| 1 | ʾalif | أَلِف | ā / ʾ
(also â ) |
various, including [[Open front unrounded vowel|/aː/]], ∅[a] |
ـا | ا | ||
| 2 | bāʾ | بَاء | b | /b/[b] | ـب | ـبـ | بـ | بࣹنت͔ڠ بُوْطٚنْ ب |
| bhāʾ | ڀَاء | bh | /b/[b] | ـڀ | ـڀـ | ڀـ | ڀ | |
| 3 | tāʾ | تَاء | t | /t/ | ـت | ـتـ | تـ | ت |
| thāʾ | ثَاء | th
(also ṯ ) |
/θ/ | ـث | ـثـ | ثـ | ث | |
| jīm | جِيم | j
(also ǧ ) |
/d͡ʒ/[b][c] | ـج | ـجـ | جـ | ج | |
| ḥāʾ | حَاء | ḥ
(also ḩ ) |
/ħ/ | ـح | ـحـ | حـ | ح | |
| khāʾ | خَاء | kh
(also ḫ, ḵ, ẖ ) |
/x/ | ـخ | ـخـ | خـ | خ | |
| dāl | دَال | d | /d/ | ـد | د | |||
| dhāl | ذَال | dh
(also ḏ ) |
/ð/ | ـذ | ذ | |||
| rāʾ | رَاء | r | /r/ | ـر | ر | |||
| zāy / zayn | زَاي | z | /z/ | ـز | ز | |||
| sīn | سِين | s | /s/ | ـس | ـسـ | سـ | س | |
| shīn | شِين | sh
(also š ) |
/ʃ/ | ـش | ـشـ | شـ | ش | |
| ṣād | صَاد | ṣ
(also ş ) |
/sˤ/ | ـص | ـصـ | صـ | ص | |
| ḍād | ضَاد | ḍ
(also ḑ ) |
/dˤ/ | ـض | ـضـ | ضـ | ض | |
| ṭāʾ | طَاء | ṭ
(also ţ ) |
/tˤ/ | ـط | ـطـ | طـ | ط | |
| ẓāʾ | ظَاء | ẓ
(also z̧ ) |
/ðˤ/ | ـظ | ـظـ | ظـ | ظ | |
| ʿayn | عَيْن | ʿ | /ʕ/ | ـع | ـعـ | عـ | ع | |
| ghayn | غَيْن | gh
(also ġ, ḡ ) |
/ɣ/[b] | ـغ | ـغـ | غـ | غ | |
| fāʾ | فَاء | f | /f/[b] | ـف | ـفـ | فـ | ف[d] | |
| qāf | قَاف | q | /q/[b] | ـق | ـقـ | قـ | ق[d] | |
| kāf | كَاف | k | /k/[b] | ـك | ـكـ | كـ | ك | |
| lām | لاَم | l | /l/ | ـل | ـلـ | لـ | ل | |
| mīm | مِيم | m | /m/ | ـم | ـمـ | مـ | م | |
| nūn | نُون | n | /n/ | ـن | ـنـ | نـ | ن | |
| hāʾ | هَاء | h | /h/ | ـه | ـهـ | هـ | ه | |
| wāw | وَاو | w / ū / ∅ | /w/, /uː/, ∅[b] | ـو | و | |||
| yāʾ | يَاء | y / ī | /j/, /iː/[b] | ـي | ـيـ | يـ | ي[d] | |
| Character | Name | Final | Medial | Initial | Isolated | Sound represented | Rumi equivalent | Unicode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ا | alif | ـا | ا | /a/ or /ə/ | a, e pepet (ĕ) | U+0627 | ||
| ب | ba as in "bar" | ـب | ـبـ | بـ | ب | /b/ | b | U+0628 |
| ت | ta, as in "tar", known as opened 'ta' | ـت | ـتـ | تـ | ت | /t/ | t | U+062A |
| ث | sa | ـث | ـثـ | ثـ | ث | /θ/ or /s/ | s | U+062B |
| ج | jim | ـج | ـجـ | جـ | ج | /d͡ʒ/ | j | U+062C |
| چ | ca as in "macha" | ـچ | ـچـ | چـ | چ | /t͡ʃ/ | c | U+0686 |
| ح | ha known as opened and airy-sounded 'ha' | ـح | ـحـ | حـ | ح | /ħ/ or /h/ | h | U+062D |
| خ | kha, silent 'k', harsh sounded 'h' | ـخ | ـخـ | خـ | خ | /x/ | kh | U+062E |
| د | dal as in "dull" | ـد | د | /d/ | d | U+062F | ||
| ذ | zal | ـذ | ذ | /ð/ or /z/ | z | U+0630 | ||
| ر | ra as in "wrap" | ـر | ر | /r/ | r | U+0631 | ||
| ز | zai, 'ai' as in "eye" | ـز | ز | /z/ | z | U+0632 | ||
| س | sin | ـس | ـسـ | سـ | س | /s/ | s | U+0633 |
| ش | sheen, like 'sh' in "harsh" | ـش | ـشـ | شـ | ش | /ʃ/ | sy | U+0634 |
| ص | sad | ـص | ـصـ | صـ | ص | /s/ | s | U+0635 |
| ض | dād | ـض | ـضـ | ضـ | ض | /d/ | d | U+0636 |
| ط | tā | ـط | ـطـ | طـ | ط | /t/ | t | U+0637 |
| ظ | zā | ـظ | ـظـ | ظـ | ظ | /z/ | z | U+0638 |
| ع | ain, as in "eye" with 'n' sound at the end | ـع | ـعـ | عـ | ع | /ʔ/ | a, i, u and -k | U+0639 |
| غ | ghain as in "rain" with harsh 'r' | ـغ | ـغـ | غـ | غ | /ɣ/ | gh | U+063A |
| ڠ | nga | ـڠ | ـڠـ | ڠـ | ڠ | /ŋ/ | ng | U+06A0 |
| ف | fa as in "far" | ـف | ـفـ | فـ | ف | /f/ | f | U+0641 |
| ڤ | va as in "van" or p as in "pie" | ـڤ | ـڤـ | ڤـ | ڤ | /p/ | p | U+06A4 |
| ق | qaf as in 'coff' from "coffee" | ـق | ـقـ | قـ | ق | /ʔ/ and /q/ | q and -k | U+0642 |
| ک | kaf as in "calf" | ـک | ـکـ | کـ | ک | /k/ | k | U+06A9 |
| ݢ | ga | ـݢ | ـݢـ | ڬـ | ݢ | /ɡ/ | g | U+0762 |
| ل | lam as in 'lum' from slum | ـل | ـلـ | لـ | ل | /l/ | l | U+0644 |
| م | mim | ـم | ـمـ | مـ | م | /m/ | m | U+0645 |
| ن | nun as in "noon" | ـن | ـنـ | نـ | ن | /n/ | n | U+0646 |
| و | wau as in "wow" | ـو | و | /w/ and /u, o, ɔ/ | w and u, o | U+0648 | ||
| ۏ | va | ـۏ | ۏ | /v/ | v | U+06CF | ||
| ه | ha, known as big (ha besar) or knotted 'ha' (ha simpul), deep sounded | ـه | ـهـ | هـ | ه | /h/ | h | U+0647 |
| ء | hamzah, 'ham' as in "hum" | ء | ء | /ʔ/ | a | U+0621 | ||
| ي | ya | ـي | ـيـ | يـ | ي | /j/ and /i, e, ɛ/ | y and i, e taling (é) | U+064A |
| ى | ye / alif maqsurah | ـى | ى | /ə, a/ | e pepet (ĕ), a | U+0649 | ||
| ڽ | nya | ـڽ | ـڽـ | ڽـ | ڽ | /ɲ/ | ny | U+06BD |
| ة | ta marbutah | ـة | ة | /t/ or /h/ | -t or -h | U+0629 |
- Letters with no initial and middle forms adopt either isolated or final form, because they cannot be joined with suffixing letter. (ا, د, ذ, ر, ز, و, ۏ)
- The letter hamzah is only present in isolated form in the Malay language.
Contoh teks
| Bait | Bahasa Wolio | Terjemahan bahasa Indonesia[3] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Buri[4] | Latin | ||
| 3 |
مِنْچُيَنَڨٚ يِسَرٚڠِ رَڠْكَيࣹيَ |
Mincuanapo isarongi rangkaea Ne sabutuna aḅari ʾaratâna Tabeanamo isarongi rangkaea Hengga ḥaquna apekaḍawuakamo |
Belumlah dikatakan orang kaya Kalau hanya banyak hartanya Tapi yang dikatakan kaya Miliknya pun rela diberikannya |
| 3 |
مِنْچُيَنَڨٚ يِسَرٚڠِ مِسِكِنِ |
Mincuanapo isarongi misikini Ne sabutuna inda teʾaratâna Tabeanamo isarongi misikini Apêlua ʿarasi kohaquna |
Bukanlah dinamakan orang miskin Jika hanya tidak punya harta Sebenarnya orang miskin itu (adalah orang yang) Masih mengharapkan hak sesamanya |
| 3 |
مِنْچُيَنَڨٚ يِسَرٚڠِ مَرَدِكَ |
Mincuanapo isarongi maradika Ne sabutuna apôpua ipau Tabeanamo isarongi maradika Amaradikamo iwâna narakâ |
Belumlah dikatakan merdeka Kalau hanya memangku jabatan Sebenarnya yang (dikatakan) merdeka itu (adalah orang yang) Sudah bebas dari api neraka |
Galeri
|
Sumber
- ^ Bahasa Wolio di Kerajaan Buton[pranala nonaktif permanen]
- ^ Daftar Kata Bahasa Melayu Rumi-Sebutan-Jawi, Dewan Bahasa Pustaka, 5th printing, 2006.
- ^ a b Kabanti oni Wolio = Puisi berbahasa Wolio. La Niampe. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. 1999-. ISBN 979-459-927-1. OCLC 43790835.
- ^ a b "Bunga Malati". Endangered Archives Programme (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2021-07-01.
Lihat pula
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