Tinggi badan manusia

Tinggi badan manusia bergantung pada faktor lingkungan dan genetik. Tinggi badan manusia beragam menurut pengukuran antropometri. Kelainan variasi tinggi badan (sekitar 20% penyimpangan dari rata-rata) menyebabkan seseorang mengalami gigantisme atau dwarfisme, bila tak lebih dari variasi tersebut masih bisa dikatakan normal.

Pertumbuhan rata-rata untuk setiap jenis kelamin dalam populasi berbeda secara bermakna, di mana pria dewasa rata-rata lebih tinggi daripada wanita dewasa. Selain itu, tinggi badan manusia juga berbeda menurut kelompok etnis.

Pertumbuhan tinggi badan biasanya berhenti ketika lempeng pertumbuhan (lempeng efifisis) di ujung tulang menutup. Penutupan ini terjadi sekitar usia 16 tahun pada wanita atau 18 tahun pada pria. Tetapi, kadang-kadang pada sebagian orang, baru menutup pada usia sekitar 20-21 tahun.

Bacaan lanjutan

Grandjean, Etienne (1987). Fitting the Task to the Man: An Ergonomic Approach. London, UK: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-85066-192-7. (for heights in U.S. and Japan)
Eurostat Statistical Yearbook 2004. Luxembourg: Eurostat. ISBN 978-92-79-38906-1. (for heights in Germany)
Netherlands Central Bureau for Statistics, 1996 (for average heights)
Ogden, Cynthia L.; Fryar, Cheryl D.; Carroll, Margaret D. & Flegal, Katherine M. (27 October 2004). "Mean Body Weight, Height, and Body Mass Index, United States 1960–2002" (PDF). Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics (347).
"Health Survey for England - trend data". Department of Health and Social Care. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 10 October 2004.
Bilger, Burkhard (29 March 2004). "The Height Gap". The New Yorker. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2 April 2004.
A collection of data on human height, referred to here as "karube" but originally collected from other sources, is archived here. A copy is available here (an English translation of this Japanese page would make it easier to evaluate the quality of the data...)
"Americans Slightly Taller, Much Heavier Than Four Decades Ago". National Center for Health Statistics. 27 October 2004.
Aminorroaya, A.; Amini, M.; Naghdi, H. & Zadeh, A. H. (2003). "Growth charts of heights and weights of male children and adolescents of Isfahan, Iran" (PDF). Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition. 21 (4): 341–346. PMID 15038589.
6. Celostátní antropologický výzkum dětí a mládeže 2001, Česká republika [6th Nationwide anthropological research of children and youth 2001, Czech Republic] (dalam bahasa Cheska). Prague: State Health Institute (SZÚ). 2005. ISBN 978-8-07071-251-1.
Bogin, Barry (2001). The Growth of Humanity. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Liss. ISBN 978-0-47135-448-2.
Eveleth, P.B.; Tanner, J.M. (1990). Worldwide Variation in Human Growth (edisi ke-2nd). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-52135-916-0.
Miura, K.; Nakagawa, H. & Greenland, P. (2002). "Invited commentary: Height-cardiovascular disease relation: where to go from here?". American Journal of Epidemiology. 155 (8): 688–689. doi:10.1093/aje/155.8.688. PMID 11943684.
Ruff, Christopher (October 2002). "Variation in human body size and shape". Annual Review of Anthropology. 31: 211–232. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.31.040402.085407.
"Los españoles somos 3,5 cm más altos que hace 20 años" [Spaniards are 3.5 cm taller than 20 years ago]. 20 minutos (dalam bahasa Spanyol). 31 July 2006.
Krishan, K. & Sharma, J. C. (2002). "Intra-individual difference between recumbent length and stature among growing children". Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 69 (7): 565–569. doi:10.1007/BF02722678. PMID 12173694.
Case, A. & Paxson, C. (2008). "Stature and Status: Height, ability, and labor market outcomes". The Journal of Political Economy. 116 (3): 499–532. doi:10.1086/589524. PMC 2709415  . PMID 19603086.
Sakamaki, R.; Amamoto, R.; Mochida, Y.; Shinfuku, N. & Toyama, K. (2005). "A comparative study of food habits and body shape perception of university students in Japan and Korea". Nutrition Journal. 4: 31. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-4-31. PMC 1298329  . PMID 16255785.
Habicht, Michael E.; Henneberg, Maciej; Öhrström, Lena M.; Staub, Kaspar & Rühli, Frank J. (27 April 2015). "Body height of mummified pharaohs supports historical suggestions of sibling marriages". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 157 (3): 519–525. doi:10.1002/ajpa.22728. PMID 25916977.