Mentigi biru
Blueberry | |
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Vaccinium corymbosum | |
Klasifikasi ilmiah | |
Kerajaan: | |
Divisi: | |
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Ordo: | |
Famili: | |
Genus: | |
Seksi: | Cyanococcus |
Spesies | |
Lihat teks. |
Blueberry adalah tanaman berbunga dalam genus Vaccinium, bagian Cyanococcus. Spesies ini tumbuh di Amerika Utara[1]. Berupa semak yang ukurannya mulai 10 cm hingga 4 m; spesies terkecil dikenal sebagai "bluberry semak rendah" (sama dengan "liar"), dan spesies terbesar adalah "blueberry semak tinggi". Daunnya berganti atau hijau sepanjang tahun, ovate hingga lanceolate, dan mulai 1-8 cm panjangnya dan lebar 0.5-3.5 cm. Bunganya berbentuk bel, putih, merah atau merah muda pucat, terkadang kehijau-hijauan.
Asal
Semua spesies yang nama umum Inggrisnya meliputi "blueberry" dikelompokkan dalam bagian Cyanococcus dari genus Vaccinium. Beberapa tanaman lain dari genus Vaccinium juga memproduksi beri biru yang terkadang mirip dengan blueberry, terutama bilberry Eropa (Vaccinium myrtillus), yang dalam banyak bahasa memiliki nama yang berarti "blueberry" dalam bahasa Inggris.
Meskipun bluberry adalah tumbuhan asli di Amerika Utara, mereka juga tumbuh di Belahan Selatan di Australia, Selandia Baru dan negara-negara Amerika Selatan,[2] dan dikirim melalui udara sebagai produk segar untuk pasar-pasar di seluruh dunia.
Spesies
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Beberapa spesies berbuah biru Vaccinium:
- Vaccinium koreanum
- Vaccinium myrsinites (Blueberry Daun Hijau)
Rujukan
- BNZ, n.d: Blueberries New Zealand Inc at the site of the organization of the same name, accessed August 24, 2006.
- Clayton-Greene, K.: Web page titled "The Blueberry Industry in Australia: An Overview" a summary of an article at the Web site for the International Society for Horticultural Science. The article appears to have been written in the 1990s, accessed August 24, 2006.
- Gain, 2005: "USDA Foreign Agricultural Service: GAIN Report: Global Agriculture Information Network"[1], January 12, 2005, accessed August 24, 2006
- Gaskell, Mark. "Strategies for Off-Season Blueberry Production on Coastal California Small Farms," an article[2] in "Central Coast Agriculture Highlights" a newsletter published by the University of California Cooperative Extension, February 2006 issue, page 2, accessed August 24, 2006.
- Nauman, W.D. Web page[3] titled "Overview of the Vaccinium Industry in Western Europe," a summary of an article by W.D. Naumann presented at the Fifth International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture and published in July 1993, from the Web site of the International Society for Horticultural Science, accessed August 24, 2006.
- San Jose, n.d.: San Jose Farms, "Products: Blueberries", accessed August 24, 2006
- Matchett MD, MacKinnon SL, Sweeney MI, Gottschall-Pass KT, Hurta RA (2005). "Blueberry flavonoids inhibit matrix metalloproteinase activity in DU145 human prostate cancer cells". Biochem Cell Biol. 83 (5): 637–43. doi:10.1139/o05-063. PMID 16234852.
- University of California Cooperative Extension (2006). Strategies for Off-Season Blueberry Production on Coastal California Small Farms (pdf file) an article by Mark Gaskell in Central Coast Agriculture Highlights newsletter. Accessed August 24 2006.
- Joseph JA, Shukitt-Hale B, Denisova NA; et al. (1999). "Reversals of age-related declines in neuronal signal transduction, cognitive, and motor behavioral deficits with blueberry, spinach, or strawberry dietary supplementation". J Neurosci. 19 (18): 8114–21. PMID 10479711.
- Sumner, Judith (2004). American Household Botany: A History of Useful Plants, 1620-1900. Timber Press. hlm. 125. ISBN 0-88192-652-3. Google books link
- Wild blueberry culture in Maine (FAO)
- "The Blueberry Bulletin" newsletter (New Jersey)
Catatan kaki
Lihat pula
- Elizabeth Coleman White, pakar pertanian New Jersey yang menjadi orang pertama yang mengkomersialkan blueberry.