Joget
Joget (Bali: ᬚᭀᬕᬾᬢ᭄; Jawa: ꦗꦺꦴꦒꦺꦠ꧀) adalah salah satu bentuk pertunjukan tarian klasik khas Bali–Jawa yang berasal dari Jawa bagian timur di sekitar Bali bagian barat.[1] Mulanya merupakan sebuah tarian hiburan di Jawa Timur,[2] kini Joget secara ekstensif juga banyak ditampilkan secara nasional di seluruh Indonesia sebagai tarian rakyat umum yang biasanya menonjolkan unsur kebudayaan rakyat Jawa yang khas. Di zaman modern, Joget juga terkadang dimainkan oleh diaspora Jawa di seluruh dunia (seperti di Suriname, dsb).[3]
 Penggambaran para penari Joget, ca 1910-an di Bali | |
| Etimologi | bahasa Jawa: ꦗꦺꦴꦒꦺꦠ꧀, translit. joget, har. 'dance' |
|---|---|
| Instrumen | Gamelan |
| Pencipta | Etnis Jawa |
| Asal | Jawa Timur (kisaran Bali) |
| Three genres of traditional dance in Bali | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Negara | Indonesia |
| Referensi | 617 |
| Kawasan | Asia dan Pasifik |
| Sejarah Inskripsi | |
| Inskripsi | 2015 |
 | |
Sejak 2015, seluruh tradisi dan pertunjukan Joget secara resmi diakui oleh UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, terj. har. 'Organisasi Pendidikan, Ilmu Pengetahuan, dan Kebudayaan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa') sebagai salah satu Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity (terj. har. 'Mahakarya Warisan Budaya Lisan dan Nonbendawi Kemanusiaan') yang berasal dari Indonesia.[4]
Sejarah
Istilah "Joget" berasal dari bahasa Jawa Kuno yang secara harfiah berarti “tarian” secara umum,[5][6] dan berkembang pesat pada era kemaharajaan Majapahit yang berpusat di Jawa bagian timur sejak era abad ke-12. Karena pengaruhnya, kini tradisi Joget dapat ditemukan di seluruh Nusantara. Salah satu penyebutan paling awal dapat ditelusuri dalam naskah Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai awal abad ke-14:[7]
‟... Maka terlalu ramainya negeri Majapahit itu, sentiasa dengan gong, gendang dan joget, dan pelbagai jenis segala bunyi-bunyian, ingar-ingaran bunyinya dengan pelbagai warna permainan ...”
― Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai: 102[7]
Diperkenalkan ke daerah lain
Originated from eastern region of the Indonesian island of Java, the Joget has become part of Javanese cultural elements that play significant role in forming several folk dances across regions, and its distribution attributed to the Majapahit, a Javanese empire. In the island of Sumatra for instance, these type of dance colloquially known as '[the] dance of Javanese', and in the Sulawesi island (especially in southern Sulawesi) it is colloquaially known as '[the] Javanese beat dance'; all those terms used interchangeably with Joget.
To Lampung
As the southernmost region of the Sumatra island close to Java, the Joget has reached Lampung as early as late 13th century brought by the Javanese traders. Until present-day, the capital and its adjacent areas of Lampung (such as Metro, Bandar Lampung, etc.) still predominantly inhabited by the Javanese immigrants and Joget is occassionally performed during the Javanese cultural ceremonies.
To Palembang
Joget was introduced to the Palembang region in early 15th century during the era of Palembang Kingdom, which is a kingdom built by the Majapahit prince named Arya Damar. As the vasal state of Majapahit, the performance of Joget in the palace of Palembang Kingdom mainly served as the court performance and commonly performed by the female dancers.
Introduced to Southern America
To Suriname
The existence of Javanese immigrants in southern America can not be separated from the dark history of Dutch colonialism in Indonesia (specifically in Java island). The Javanese people were abducted from their origin home in Java, and forcefully enslaved to work in plantations (mainly). However, it does not extinguished their Javanese spirit to preserve their cultural tradition, and one of them is through the Joget performance. Similar to its original form in the Indonesian island of Java, the Joget performance in Suriname usually also accompanied by the Gamelan (Javanese musical instrument).
Introduced to Mainland Southeast Asia
To Malaysia
Commonly dubbed as the Joget Gamelan due to its prominent usage of the Gamelan (Javanese musical instrument), these performance reached the Kra Peninsula by the early 19th century era (specifically in 1811), and was performed for the first time at a royal wedding in Pekan (the capital of Pahang).[8] In modern days, it has spread to the state of Malacca as well, where the Joget style has incorporated into the Portuguese dance of Branyo.
Referensi
- ^ Balungan (dalam bahasa Inggris). 1–2. Michigan: American Gamelan Institute for Music and Education. 1984.
- ^ Pantjasila (Pancasila) (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2. Michigan: University of Michigan. 1964.
- ^ Area Handbook for Malaysia and Singapore (dalam bahasa Inggris). Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1965.
... the gambuh and joget, both of which derive from Java; the boria from India ...
- ^ "Three genres of traditional dance in Bali". ich.unesco.org. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. 2015.
- ^ Hooker, Virginia Matheson (1993). Culture and Society in New Order Indonesia. Oxford University Press.
Joget is a classical Javanese dance accompanied by the gamelan instrument.
- ^ Raharjo, Sapto (2005). Climbing the Sound of Ocean. Pustaka Misty.
Joget is Javanese dance.
- ^ a b Reid, Anthony (1988). Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce 1450-1680 (dalam bahasa Inggris). 1. Yale: Yale University Press, New Haven and London. ISBN 9780300047509.
- ^ Chay, Peter; Machado, Ee Sim Teo (1989). Kuala Lumpur (dalam bahasa Inggris). Foto Technik. ISBN 9789679981179.