Ruang gema (media)
fenomena media ketika keyakinan diperkuat atau diperkuat oleh komunikasi dan pengulangan di dalam sistem tertutup
Dalam media berita, ruang gema (echo chamber) adalah sebuah deskripsi kiasan dari sebuah keadaan dimana keyakinan diyakini atau disebarkan oleh komunitas dan diulang-ulang dalam sebuah sistem tertutup. Dengan mengunjungi sebuah "echo chamber", orang-orang dapat menyaksikan informasi yang menegakkan pandangan mereka yang berdiri, berpotensi menjadi bias konfirmasi. Ini dapat meningkatkan polarisasi dan ekstrimisme sosial dan politik.[1]
Referensi
- ^ Barberá, Pablo, et al. "Tweeting from left to right: Is online political communication more than an echo chamber?." Psychological science 26.10 (2015): 1531-1542.
Bacaan tambahan
- Philip McRae, "Forecasting the Future Over Three Horizons of Change ", ATA Magazine, May 21, 2010.
- John Scruggs, "The "Echo Chamber" Approach to Advocacy", Philip Morris, Bates No. 2078707451/7452, December 18, 1998.
- The Hudson Institute's Bradley Center for Philanthropy and Civic Renewal wonder if they "got it, well, Right".
- "Buying a Movement: Right-Wing Foundations and American Politics," (Washington, DC: People for the American Way, 1996). Or download a PDF version of the full report.
- Dan Morgan, "Think Tanks: Corporations' Quiet Weapon Diarsipkan 2019-08-31 di Wayback Machine.," Washington Post, January 29, 2000, p. A1.
- Jeff Gerth and Sheryl Gay Stolberg, "Drug Industry Has Ties to Groups With Many Different Voices", New York Times, October 5, 2000.
- Robert Kuttner, "Philanthropy and Movements," The American Prospect, July 2, 2002.
- Robert W. Hahn, "The False Promise of 'Full Disclosure'[pranala nonaktif permanen]," Policy Review, Hoover Institution, October 2002.
- David Brock, Blinded by the Right: The Conscience of an Ex-Conservative (New York, NY: Three Rivers Press, 2002).
- Jeff Chester, "A Present for Murdoch", The Nation, December 2003: "From 1999 to 2002, his company spent almost $10 million on its lobbying operations. It has already poured $200,000 in contributions into the 2004 election, having donated nearly $1.8 million during the 2000 and 2002 campaigns."
- Jim Lobe for Asia Times: "the structure's most remarkable characteristics are how few people it includes and how adept they have been in creating new institutions and front groups that act as a vast echo chamber for one another and for the media"
- Valdis Krebs, "Divided We Stand," Political Echo Chambers
- Jonathan S. Landay and Tish Wells, "Iraqi exile group fed false information to news media", Knight Ridder, March 15, 2004.
- R.G. Keen: The Technology of Oil Can Delays
- Echo chamber at SourceWatch